BALSIGER BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDES (SEMESTER 1)

Transcription

1 BALSIGER BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDES (SEMESTER 1) Table of Contents 1 III. Parts of an Experiment 1) Write a brief definition for each of these components of an experiment: manipulated variable, treatments, experimental control, responding variables, controlled variables and replicates. IV. Experimental Error 2) Write a definition for each of the following: design error, sampling error and measurement error. Table of Contents #2 I. Research Investigations_ 3) Make a T-chart with three columns, with experiments, correlational studies and descriptive studies at the top of each column. List the characteristics of each. 4) Which type of investigation(s) is/are capable of establishing causation and which is/are not? Why? Explain. II. Correlation vs. Causation 5) Imagine a study finds a positive correlation between school performance (GPA) and musical training in children. Using the A causes B, B causes A, or neither A nor B causes the other method, thoroughly describe possible sources of causation between these two variables. For the third option, be sure to offer an alternative explanation for what could be causing the correlation.

2 Table of Contents #3 I. 1.1-Connections 6) What are the characteristics of life? List them and provide an example of each. II-IV: There will be a few questions about food that will test your understanding of what makes it up and what it is used for VII Nutrients in Food 7) Identify which of the following are food and which are not: carbohydrates, water, carbon dioxide, free oxygen (O 2 ), proteins, vitamins, fats, minerals. Table of Contents #4 I. 2.5 How do Animals Use Food to Grow 8) Explain how food is a building block II. Know your fats 9) What is the scientific name for fats & oils? How are fats and oils different? 10) Describe how saturated fatty acids differ from unsaturated fatty acids in terms of molecular structure and shape. Draw two pictures to illustrate your descriptions. III. 2.6 Digestion and Reassembly 11) Explain in different words how food is a building block IV) 2.7 Chemistry of Carbohydrates 12) Draw a picture of a simple carbohydrate and complex carbohydrate. What are the key characteristics of carbohydrates that can be used to identify them? 13) What are the monomers (building blocks) of complex carbohydrates? V) 2.8 Chemistry of Fats and Proteins 14) Draw a sketch of a lipid molecule. 15) What elements make up proteins? 16) What are the monomers (building blocks) of Proteins?

3 Table of Contents #5 II. 3.2 Burning Marshmallow & Oxygen 17) What does a burning marshmallow have to do with the way we use the energy in our food? III. 3.3 Cricket Chamber of Fun! 18) Explain how food is an energy source. 19) Write the equation for cellular respiration. What is used? What is produced? IV. 3.4 Exercise and Cellular Respiration 20) Carefully explain why humans and nearly all other organisms need oxygen. Be thorough. V. 3.5 Photosynthesis Investigation 21) Do plants need O 2? Why or why not? 22) Write the equation for photosynthesis. VII. Plant Food 23) Explain how food is both a building block and an energy source. 24) Why do plants carry out photosynthesis? Explain. 25) Why do plants carry out respiration? Table of Contents #6 I. Microscope Lab 26) Describe three ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells. II. Osmosis Lecture 27) Define diffusion and osmosis. 28) What happens to cells when their environments become saltier than is normal? Why? Explain. 29) What happens to cells when their environments become more dilute (more watery) than normal? Why? Explain.

4 Table of Contents #6 Continued II. Cell Size Lab 30) Why is it necessary for cells to be so small? Explain. 31) Which cell would be better off, one with a surface to volume ratio of 10 or one of 50? Why? Explain. Table of Contents #7 I. Cell Membranes 32) Describe and draw a cell membrane. II. Cell Organelles 33) Describe the functions of each of the following parts of the cell: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and vacuoles. 34) Where in plant cells does photosynthesis occur? III. Karyotypes 35) Where are chromosomes found in a cell? 36) What is a homologous pair of chromosomes? Why do chromosomes come in pairs? Explain. IV. Cell Division 37) What are chromosomes made up of? VI. Mitosis (Pop-Beads) 38) Carefully describe what happens in all four stages of mitosis. 39) Make a careful drawing of each phase of mitosis in a cell containing four chromosomes (two pairs).

5 Table of Contents #8 I. Onion Root Tips 40) Why would we look at Onion Root Tips for mitosis? II. Mystery of DNA 41) What are the monomers (building blocks) of complex carbohydrates? Proteins? DNA? III. History of DNA 42) Draw a nucleotide and label its parts. 43) Draw a molecule of DNA and label the following: nucleotide, sugarphosphate backbone, bases, hydrogen bonds. 44) Draw a molecule of DNA and label the following: nucleotide, sugarphosphate backbone, bases, hydrogen bonds. IV. DNA replication 45) What is DNA replication and when does it occur? V. Secret to Life! 46) List at least five functions of proteins. Table of Contents #9 I. Proteins! 47) Carefully explain the process of protein synthesis in several steps. 48) Define these terms: codon, mrna, trna, amino acids. 49)Make up a DNA sequence, and list the codons that would be formed as a result of that sequence. 50) Using the codons in #45, identify the amino acids that would bond together.

6 I. Protein Experiment 51) Describe what happens to proteins when they get too hot or when the ph of their environment is changed.? 52) Describe ATP. W hat does it look like? How is it different from ADP? 53) Can cells store ATP? If not, how do they get enough? 54) Where in the cell does cellular respiration occur??other Topics: