Directions: Use Aim # 7-13 (Unit 2) to complete this study guide. Part I. Aim # 7 Inorganic and Organic Molecules. Building Blocks (monomers)

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1 Name: Date: Period: Living Environment Unit 2 Biochemistry and The Cell Study Guide Due Date: Test Date: Unit 2 Important Topics: Aim # 7: Inorganic and Organic Molecules Aim # 8: Organic Macromolecules Aim # 9: Digestion and Synthesis Aim # 10: Enzymes Aim # 11: Life Processes Aim # 12: Cell Theory Aim # 13: Cell Organelles Directions: Use Aim # 7-13 (Unit 2) to complete this study guide. Part I. Aim # 7 Inorganic and Organic Molecules 1. Fill out the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast Organic and Inorganic Molecules. For your differences be sure to include the description and at least three examples of each. Include two similarities. ORGANIC INORGANIC Part II. Aim # 8 Organic Macromolecules 2. Fill out the Chart below and on the next page to describe the four main organic macromolecules. Organic Macromolecule 1) Carbohydrate Building Blocks (monomers) Two examples One function 2) Amino Acids 3) Fats and oils 4) Nucleic Acids Stores and passes on genetic information

2 Part III. Aim # 9 Synthesis and Digestion 3. Describe the difference between the process of digestion and the process of synthesis. 4. Simple complex describes the process of synthesis/digestion (circle one). 5. Complex simple describes the process of synthesis/digestion (circle one). 6. Which process (synthesis or digestion) is shown below? Support your answer. 7. Which process (synthesis or digestion) is shown below? Support your answer. 8. If the building blocks from the above picture are amino acids, then which macromolecule would the product be? 9. If the product of the above picture is a carbohydrate, then which building blocks would attach to the enzyme? Part IV. Aim # 10- Enzymes 10. Which kind of macromolecule is an enzyme? 11. Which two functions can an enzyme perform? or 12. An enzyme s shape is very specific and very important. Why is its shape so important? 13. Label the substrate, enzyme, and product/s below. Explain what would happen if this enzyme were to change shape.

3 14. Which two environmental factors influence enzyme activity? and 15. If an enzyme denatures (changes shape), can it still complete its function (job) at an optimum rate? Support your answer. 16. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. a. At which ph does pepsin work at any optimum rate? b. At which ph does amylase work at any optimum rate? c. At which ph does arginase work at any optimum rate? d. Which type of macromolecule are pepsin, amylase, and arginase? e. Which ph do none of these enzymes work at? f. Do these enzymes work best in similar environments? Support your answer. Part V. Aim # 11 Life Processes 17. Match the following definitions with the appropriate vocabulary word. Definition 1. the process by which organisms produce new organism of the same type 2. an organisms reaction to a change in the external or internal environment 3. all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism 4. the removal of all wastes produced by the cells of the body 5. The movement (of something) from one place to another 6. the process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organism can use 7. a life process that involves combining simple substances into more complex substances 8. the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy stored within them 9. an increase in the size or number of cells 10. any change in the environment that causes an organism to react 11. the basic unit of structure and function that makes up all organisms 12. the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth 13. the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes Vocab A. Cell B. Metabolism C. Homeostasis D. Reproduction E. Nutrition F. Transport G. Digestion H. Synthesis I. Respiration J. Growth K. Excretion L. Stimuli M. Response

4 18. List the four main characteristics of life. 1. c. 2. d. 19. Although a cloud can grow in size, release materials from it and sometimes form more clouds, it is nonliving. Explain 3 reasons why clouds are nonliving Part VI. Aim #12 Cell Theory/Organization 20. List the three main points of the cell theory. a. b. c. 21. Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. In your answer be sure to: 1. Include two differences and two similarities. PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES 22. Do all cells have the same structure? 23. Do all cells have the same job?

5 24. List the following vocabulary words in order from smallest (simplest) to largest (most complex). Word Bank: tissue, organ, organism, cell, organ system a. b. c. d. e. 25. In the blank provided, write the capital letter of the definition in Column B that best matches the vocabulary word in Column A. Column A Column B A. A group of cells Cell Tissue Organ B. The basic unit of life C. Any living thing D. A group of organs Organ System Organism E. A group of tissues Part VI. Aim # 13 Cell Organelles 26. Define organelle: 27. Complete the chart below. Make sure you know the functions of each of these organelles. The functions that are BOLDED are very important! Structure/ Organelle Function Found in Animal Cell Found in Plant Cell Jellylike substances that the organelles float in Contains DNA and controls most of the cell processes Small area within the nucleus where ribosomes are made Helps the cell divide Protein filaments in the cytoplasm that help the cell move and maintain shape. Long whip like structure to help the cell move Stores materials such as food, water, and wastes

6 Structure/Organelle Function Found in Animal Cell Contains enzymes to digest and get rid of substances in the cell. Found in Plant Cell Synthesize (makes) proteins Short hair like structures that help the cell move The site of photosynthesis (Using sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water) Extracts energy from nutrients (cellular respiration) Membrane system that transports proteins. Some have ribosomes attached and some have do not. Flattened sacks that modify, package, and send proteins from the rough ER out of the cell. A rigid structure that protects and supports the plant cell Separates the inside contents of the cell from the outside, regulates materials entering and leave the cell, and allows for communication between cells 28. Directions: Complete the Venn Diagram Below comparing and contrasting Plant cells and Animal cells by placing the terms in the correct location. Nucleus Cell Wall Cell Membrane Large Vacuole Small vacuoles Ribosomes Mitochondria Rectangular shaped Spherical shape Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm Performs Photosynthesis Performs Cellular Respiration Does not Perform Photosynthesis PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

7 29. For part a, b and c, label the names of each cell type below as well as their organelles. a) b) H (dots) G c) Label the organelles based on the diagrams above A = B = C = D = E = F = G = H = 30. Fill out the chart below. Life Process Excretion Carried out by which organelle/s (write their name) Synthesis Regulation Reproduction Respiration Nutrition Transport