Test Canvas: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition

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1 Page 1 of 45 Edit Mode is: Ht (Course is unavailable to students)... Tests Test Canvas : Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition? Test Canvas: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 10th Edition Create Create Reuse Reuse Upload s Upload s Settings Settings Description Instructions Total s 208 Total Points 1,405 Select: All None Select by Type: - Type - Delete Points Update Hide Details 1. Multiple Choice: Homeostasis refers to _... Homeostasis refers to. the chemical operations underway in the body changes in an organism s immediate environment specialization of individual cells to perform particular functions the existence of a stable internal environment This is associated with little change over time. 2. Fill in the Blank: A plane divides the body i... Evaluation Method Exact Match Incorrect Feedback A plane divides the body into right and left halves. sagittal Remember that this section is along the long axis of the body. Case Sensitivity 3. Multiple Choice: A cell or an organ that responds to c... A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) receptor. thermoregulator. hypothalamus. effector. stimulus. 4. Multiple Choice: A chemical imbalance in the body can... A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that all organisms are composed of cells. all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. chemical molecules make up cells.

2 Page 2 of 45 blood has magical properties. congenital defects can be life-threatening. 5. Multiple Choice: A cut parallel to the midsagittal pla... A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) section. frontal transverse oblique parasagittal coronal 6. Multiple Choice: A midsagittal section of the body wou... A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the kidney. lung. heart. spleen. leg. 7. Multiple Choice: A person in anatomical position is st... A person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and. arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside arms in a raised position, with palms of hands facing dorsally and the thumbs to the inside arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing anteriorly and the thumbs located medially arms in a raised position, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside What happens when your palms face forward? 8. Multiple Choice: A person lying face down is in the... A person lying face down is in the position. anatomical prone supine ventral prostrate 9. Multiple Choice: A person lying on the bed and gazing...

3 Page 3 of 45 A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the position. prone supine anatomical dorsal caudal 10. Multiple Choice: A person who is standing facing forwa... A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the position. supine prone anatomical frontal sagittal 11. Multiple Choice: A plane that is cut parallel to the m... A plane that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a. parasagittal section sectional plane transverse section frontal section Think of a word meaning by the side. 12. True/False: A sagittal plane separates the anteri... A sagittal plane separates the anterior and posterior sections of the body. True False Correct. A sagittal plane separates structures into right and left portions. Incorrect. Frontal or coronal planes separate the body into anterior and posterior sections. 13. Multiple Choice: A vertical plane that divides the bod... A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions is called. vertical sagittal coronal transverse Remember that this plane runs down the long axis of the body.

4 Page 4 of Essay: A. Define the term histology. B. What... Points: 0 A. Define the term histology. B. What is the difference between histology and cytology? 15. Essay: A. List the nine abdominopelvic regio... Points: 0 A. List the nine abdominopelvic regions. B. List one organ found in each region. 16. Essay: A. What is homeostasis? B. What happe... Points: 0 A. What is homeostasis? B. What happens when homeostasis is NOT maintained? 17. Multiple Choice: After you eat a sugary donut and drin... After you eat a sugary donut and drinking a soft drink, your blood glucose levels rise above a normal range. How would negative feedback affect this variable? Blood glucose levels would return to a normal range (homeostasis). Blood glucose levels would fall to below what is considered a normal range. Blood glucose levels would rise even further. None of the listed responses is correct. Remember that negative feedback helps the body maintain a dynamic balance. 18. Multiple Choice: An anatomical term that means the sam... An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is posterior. inferior. abdominal. anterior. superior. 19. Multiple Choice: An example of a receptor in a negativ... An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus. sweat glands that increase secretion. regulatory centers that send commands to an effector. effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate. sweat glands that act like effectors. 20. Multiple Choice: Anatomical features that change durin... Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in anatomy. gross

5 Page 5 of 45 surface microscopic pathological regional 21. Multiple Choice: Anatomy is the study of, a... Anatomy is the study of, and physiology is the study of. animals; plants cells; microorganisms function; structure structure; function Remember that anatomy is like a map of components and physiology is looking at the interaction of the components. 22. Multiple Choice: Anatomy is to as physiology... Anatomy is to as physiology is to. function; form form; structure structure; function structure; form growth; form 23. Multiple Choice: Anatomy uses a special language, call... Anatomy uses a special language, called terminology, which involves the use of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease. clinical pathological medical anatomical surgical 24. Multiple Choice: Beginning with chemicals and proceedi... Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is. chemicals, cells, organ systems, tissues, organs, organism chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism chemicals, tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organism chemicals, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organism

6 Page 6 of 45 Compounds form first; then the smallest units of life follow. 25. Multiple Choice: Cardiovascular function is an example of Cardiovascular function is an example of histophysiology. organ physiology. systemic physiology. pathological physiology. physiological chemistry. 26. Multiple Choice: Damage at the cellular, tissue, or or... Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that. each level is dependent on the others each level has its own specific function the lower levels depend on the higher levels each level is totally independent of the others All systems are interconnected. 27. Multiple Choice: Disease is an indicator of Disease is an indicator of negative feedback. signs and symptoms. homeostatic failure. positive feedback. All of the answers are correct. 28. Essay: Distinguish between negative and posi... Points: 0 Distinguish between negative and positive feedback. 29. Essay: During exercise, blood flow to skelet... During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of homeostatic regulation is this? Why? The initial increase in blood flow to active muscles is an example of autoregulation. For example, when oxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the region even before responses from the nervous or endocrine system take place. Autoregulation does not require the nervous or endocrine system. 30. Essay: Explain the functions of effectors an... Points: 0 Explain the functions of effectors and receptors in a negative feedback loop.

7 Page 7 of Multiple Choice: From the organ systems listed below,... From the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequence of organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary). heart, stomach, lungs, kidneys, hair heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin lungs, gallbladder, ovaries, bladder, sebaceous glands blood vessels, pancreas, kidneys, lungs, nails Start with a pump and end on the outside. 32. Multiple Choice: Heat production is a major function o... Heat production is a major function of the system. cardiovascular endocrine nervous muscular This system makes up a lot of the body s mass. 33. Multiple Choice: Histology is the study of. Histology is the study of. disease organ systems cells tissues These are made from the smallest units of life. 34. Multiple Choice: Homeostatic regulation of body temper... Homeostatic regulation of body temperature is an example of. negative feedback disease Chaotic information loop positive feedback Remember that this process will keep conditions stable. 35. Multiple Choice: Homeostatic regulation usually involv...

8 Page 8 of 45 Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. control center; effector; receptor receiver; communicator; effector receptor; control center; effector effector; receiver; communicator control center; receiver; effector 36. Multiple Choice: Identify the branch of biological sci... Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. genetics physiology embryology anatomy cytology 37. Multiple Choice: Identify the branch of biological sci... Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts. genetics physiology embryology anatomy cytology 38. Multiple Choice: Identify the structure located within... Identify the structure located within the mediastinum. pericardial cavity small intestine lung spleen stomach 39. Multiple Choice: If a response decreases a disturbance... If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a feedback system. deficit negative

9 Page 9 of 45 neutral polarized positive 40. Multiple Choice: If a response increases a disturbance... If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a feedback system. deficit negative neutral polarized positive 41. Multiple Choice: If the temperature of the body climbs... If the temperature of the body climbs above 37 C (about 99 F), negative feedback is triggered by. increased heat conservation by restricted blood flow to the skin increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating the individual s experiencing shivering activation of the positive feedback mechanism How does the body get rid of excess heat? 42. Multiple Choice: In a homeostatic system, the mechanis... In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is. dynamic equilibrium the receptor negative feedback positive feedback This mechanism is designed to amplify or exaggerate a signal. 43. Multiple Choice: In a positive feedback system, what e... In a positive feedback system, what effect does the response to the stimulus have on the stimulus itself? decreases the stimulus exaggerates the stimulus may increase or decrease the stimulus, depending on the circumstances does not affect the stimulus Remember that this is an amplification effect.

10 Page 10 of Multiple Choice: In anatomical position, the head is _... In anatomical position, the head is to the chest. inferior superior distal medial Think of the term for above. 45. Multiple Choice: In complex organisms such as human be... In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form. systems organs tissues molecules These make up organs. 46. Multiple Choice: In descriptions of the superficial an... In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the. carpus manus brachium crus The brachial artery is in the arm. 47. Multiple Choice: In descriptions of the superficial an... In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the. mentis cervicis thoracis carpus This name is similar to that of the region above the thoracic vertebrae. 48. Multiple Choice: In general, the nervous system does e... In general, the nervous system does each of the following except help to maintain homeostasis. respond rapidly to change.

11 Page 11 of 45 direct long-term responses to change. direct very specific responses. interpret sensory information. 49. Multiple Choice: In what body cavity would you find th... In what body cavity would you find the liver? pleural thoracic pelvic abdominal This is where most of the internal organs are located. 50. Multiple Choice: In which body cavity are the female r... In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located? pleural cavity mediastinum abdominal cavity pelvic cavity Bones that form this cavity make up the hips. 51. Multiple Choice: In which of the following fields has... In which of the following fields has the most progress been made over the last two decades? anatomy physiology molecular biology medical science This involves analysis on a very small scale. 52. Multiple Choice: In which quadrant would you find the... In which quadrant would you find the liver? left lower left upper right upper right lower Most of the area under your right ribcage is taken up by the liver.

12 Page 12 of Essay: Insulin is a hormone that reduces blo... Points: 0 Insulin is a hormone that reduces blood glucose levels by increasing the rate at which glucose passes from the blood through the cell membranes into cells. If insulin levels are controlled by a negative feedback loop, what effect would eating a meal rich in carbohydrates have upon insulin levels? 54. Essay: List the organ systems of the human b... Points: 0 List the organ systems of the human body that provide some type of protection. 55. Multiple Choice: Lungs are to the respiratory system a... Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the system. lymphatic urinary digestive cardiovascular nervous 56. Multiple Choice: Making a sagittal section results in... Making a sagittal section results in the separation of. superior and inferior portions of the body dorsal and ventral portions of the body right and left portions of the body anterior and posterior portions of the body What happens when you make a section down the midline of the body? 57. Multiple Choice: Medical terminology is based heavily... Medical terminology is based heavily on which languages? German and Russian Old and Middle English Greek and Latin Sanskrit and Malay These are also the basis for many words in English as well. 58. Multiple Choice: Moving along the surface of the skin... Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a direction. lateral medial proximal

13 Page 13 of 45 distal Think of what is closer. 59. Essay: Name the organs found in the thoracic... Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity. lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, major blood vessels connected to the heart 60. Essay: Name the two upper abdominal quadrant... Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each. right upper quadrant (RUQ): right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, large and small intestines; left upper quadrant (LUQ): left lobe of liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine 61. Fill in the Blank: Of the two general mechanisms involve... Evaluation Method Exact Match Incorrect Feedback Of the two general mechanisms involved in homeostatic regulation, autoregulation refers to local processes and involves the nervous system or the endocrine system. extrinsic regulation Remember the word that refers to the outside. Case Sensitivity 62. Multiple Choice: Organ physiology is to as gr... Organ physiology is to as gross anatomy is to. cell physiology; microscopic anatomy macroscopic anatomy; unbalance equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy balance; equilibrium imbalance; microscopic anatomy 63. Multiple Choice: Physiology is defined as. Physiology is defined as. the study of the function of anatomical structures the study of the effects of exercise the analysis of the structures of cells the study of the biological effects of disease Remember that a machine requires all its components correctly aligned for it to work. 64. Multiple Choice: Skin, hair, and nails are associated... Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the system. skeletal muscular

14 Page 14 of 45 integumentary endocrine immune 65. Multiple Choice: Systemic anatomy considers the struct... Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of. anatomical landmarks; organ systems superficial markings; macroscopic anatomy organ systems; superficial markings superficial external features; anatomical landmarks Superficial describes something on or close to a surface. 66. Multiple Choice: Terms of anatomical direction are use... Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe one body part in relation to another. surgical procedures. a supine position. the nervous system. living matter. 67. Fill in the Blank: The is a cell or organ tha... Evaluation Method Exact Match Incorrect Feedback The is a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus. effector Remember that this causes a result to manifest. Case Sensitivity 68. Fill in the Blank: The system contains the lu... Evaluation Method Exact Match Incorrect Feedback The system contains the lungs, sinuses, and bronchi. respiratory Remember that this organ system helps transport oxygen into the bloodstream. Case Sensitivity 69. Fill in the Blank: The system contains the pi... Evaluation Method Exact Match Incorrect Feedback The system contains the pituitary gland, pancreas, and thyroid gland. endocrine Remember that this organ system produces hormones. Case Sensitivity

15 Page 15 of Fill in the Blank: The system contains the sk... Evaluation Method Exact Match Incorrect Feedback The system contains the skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails. integumentary Remember that this is the most superficial of the organ systems. Case Sensitivity 71. Multiple Choice: The analysis of the internal structur... The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called cytology. histology. embryology. physiology. anatomy. 72. Multiple Choice: The anatomical term for the calf is _... The anatomical term for the calf is. femur or femoral sura or sural This is on the opposite side of the crural area. 73. Multiple Choice: The arms are to the sternum. The arms are to the sternum. distal proximal medial lateral Remember that this involves moving away from the midline. 74. Multiple Choice: The central principle of physiology is The central principle of physiology is nutrition. reflexes. homeostasis. stimulation. temperature regulation.

16 Page 16 of Multiple Choice: The chin is to the nose. The chin is to the nose. anterior superior posterior inferior medial 76. Multiple Choice: The common name for the patella is the The common name for the patella is the forehead. knee. heel. palm of the hand. chin. 77. Multiple Choice: The common name for the pollex is the The common name for the pollex is the ear lobe. belly. big toe. hand. thumb. 78. Multiple Choice: The common term for the buccal region... The common term for the buccal region is the back. waist. breast. cheeks. buttocks. 79. Multiple Choice: The common term for the carpal region... The common term for the carpal region is the wrist. fingers. ankle.

17 Page 17 of 45 shin. chest. 80. True/False: The correct anatomical position is fe... The correct anatomical position is feet flat, face forward, arms to the side, and palms facing backward. True False Correct. In the standard definition of the anatomical position, the palms face forward. Incorrect. The palms should also face forward. 81. Multiple Choice: The diaphragm muscle separates the... The diaphragm muscle separates the from the. pleural cavity; mediastinum thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity pericardial cavity; pleural cavity abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity pericardial sac; pericardial cavity 82. Multiple Choice: The heart and the lungs are located i... The heart and the lungs are located in the cavity. pleural pericardial abdominal thoracic This cavity is above the diaphragm. 83. Essay: The heart can maintain a relatively c... Points: 0 The heart can maintain a relatively constant output despite changes in blood flowing into the heart. There are two primary mechanisms. One, cardiac muscle can contract more forcefully, pumping out more blood with each contraction when increased amounts of blood enter the heart. Two, the heart can contract more rapidly, maintaining output despite the decrease in blood pumped with each contraction. How would you expect the heart to react to a sudden, dramatic loss in blood? 84. Multiple Choice: The heart is to the lungs. The heart is to the lungs. lateral medial posterior proximal distal

18 Page 18 of Multiple Choice: The heart is to the arms. The heart is to the arms. posterior anterior medial lateral Choose the term that means closer to the midline. 86. Multiple Choice: The integrating center for the negati... The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the hypothalamus. skin. temperature sensor. positive feedback center. thermostat. 87. Multiple Choice: The kidneys and ureters are organs of... The kidneys and ureters are organs of the system. endocrine digestive respiratory urinary lymphatic 88. Multiple Choice: The knee is proximal to the. The knee is proximal to the. foot hip thigh elbow The knee is closer to the torso than this. 89. Multiple Choice: The level of organization that reflec... The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the. cellular level tissue level

19 Page 19 of 45 organism molecular level This is the highest level of complexity for an individual. 90. Multiple Choice: The liver is primarily located in the... The liver is primarily located in the quadrant. right upper left upper right lower left lower hepatic 91. Multiple Choice: The maintenance of a relatively const... The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed positive feedback. homeostasis. negative feedback. effector control. integration. 92. Multiple Choice: The maintenance of a relatively const... The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment is. inflammation positive feedback loop metabolism homeostasis Remember that this is a dynamic balancing act. 93. Multiple Choice: The mechanism by which a stimulus out... The mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called. homeostasis positive feedback negative feedback crisis management This helps a system maintain a stable environment.

20 Page 20 of Multiple Choice: The mechanism by which the initial st... The mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called. extrinsic regulation positive feedback negative feedback autoregulation Think of a relatively uncommon control mechanism. 95. Multiple Choice: The mediastinum The mediastinum contains the pleural cavities. separates the pleural cavities. contains the pericardial cavity. contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity. separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity. 96. Multiple Choice: The mental region is to th... The mental region is to the nasal region. medial superior lateral inferior Remember where you put your hand when you think on things. 97. True/False: The muscles are superficial to the skin. The muscles are superficial to the skin. True False Correct. The muscles are deep to the skin. Incorrect. The muscles lie beneath the skin and farther away from the body surface. 98. True/False: The nervous system helps regulate bod... The nervous system helps regulate body temperature. True False Correct. The nervous system coordinates blood flow, heat production, and heat loss. Incorrect. The nervous system does help regulate body temperature. 99. Multiple Choice: The organ system responsible for inte... The organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the.

21 Page 21 of 45 endocrine system cardiovascular system muscular system integumentary system This organ system is made up of the heart and blood vessels Multiple Choice: The pericardial cavity surrounds the... The pericardial cavity surrounds the. heart lungs spinal cord urinary bladder Remember that this is a muscular vital organ Multiple Choice: The pituitary gland and thyroid gland... The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the system. endocrine cardiovascular respiratory lymphatic digestive 102. Multiple Choice: The plane that separates the abdomina... The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is the mediastinum. sagittal on the brachium. transverse at the hips. midsagittal on the trunk. superior to the thorax Multiple Choice: The quadrants of the abdominopelvic r... The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except right upper quadrant (RUQ). right lower quadrant (RLQ). left upper quadrant (LUQ). left lower quadrant (LLQ).

22 Page 22 of 45 pelvic quadrant Multiple Choice: The right pleural cavity contains The right pleural cavity contains the heart. the trachea. the left lung. the right lung. both lungs Multiple Choice: The scientist who studies the effects... The scientist who studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions is a. histophysiologist cell physiologist system physiologist pathophysiologist The root word for disease is pathos Multiple Choice: The serous membrane covering the stom... The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the pericardium. peritoneum. pleura. mediastinum. abdomen Multiple Choice: The skin is to the muscles. The skin is to the muscles. superficial lateral deep medial The skin is the outer surface of the body Multiple Choice: The smallest living units in the body... The smallest living units in the body are. subatomic particles

23 Page 23 of 45 cells elements molecules These units are enclosed by a membrane Multiple Choice: The specialized study that analyzes t... The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is called. microbiology histology pathology cytology The suffix -cyte indicates a general cell type Multiple Choice: The spinal cord is to the... The spinal cord is to the esophagus. anterior proximal posterior distal This is toward the dorsal surface Multiple Choice: The state in which opposing processes... The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called. disease negative feedback positive feedback equilibrium Remember that each force is equally influencing the state in question Multiple Choice: The stomach is located in the... The stomach is located in the cavity. pericardial abdominal pleural pelvic

24 Page 24 of 45 This is where most of the internal organs are located Multiple Choice: The study of structures of the cardio... The study of structures of the cardiovascular system is an example of. regional anatomy systemic physiology clinical anatomy systemic anatomy This is the general study of structures of single organ systems Multiple Choice: The study of the anatomical organizat... The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the neck or trunk, is. developmental anatomy regional anatomy cell physiology medical anatomy Remember the word that means area Multiple Choice: The study of the changes in form that... The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called anatomy. developmental clinical systemic embryological physiological 116. Multiple Choice: The study of the first two months of... The study of the first two months of development is termed histology. embryology. cytology. pathology. organology Multiple Choice: The study of the function of specific...

25 Page 25 of 45 The study of the function of specific organ systems is called systemic physiology. organ physiology. cell physiology. pathological physiology. histology Multiple Choice: The study of the function of the stom... The study of the function of the stomach is an example of. pathological physiology systemic physiology organ physiology cell physiology Think of what the stomach is Multiple Choice: The study of the general form and sup... The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called anatomy. gross surface systemic regional surgical 120. Multiple Choice: The study of the liver is to gross an... The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to physiology. regional anatomy. cytology. systemic anatomy. radiographic anatomy Multiple Choice: The study of the structure of muscle... The study of the structure of muscle tissue is an example of. embryology histology cell physiology cytology

26 Page 26 of 45 Tissues are larger than cells Multiple Choice: The study of the superficial and inte... The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called anatomy. surface regional surgical pathological radiographic 123. Multiple Choice: The subdivisions of the thoracic body... The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the. pleural and pericardial cavities thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities cranial and spinal cavities pelvic and abdominal cavities These cavities separately enclose the heart and lungs Multiple Choice: The tendency for physiological system... The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called self-regulation. homeostasis. equilibriosis. hemopoiesis. amplification Multiple Choice: The term medial surface... The term medial surface refers to the area. away from the long axis of the body toward an attached base close to the long axis of the body away from an attached base Where is the midline? 126. Multiple Choice: The thoracic cavity contains the The thoracic cavity contains the

27 Page 27 of 45 coelom. pericardial cavity. pelvic cavity. pleural cavities. pericardial and pleural cavities Multiple Choice: The thoracic cavity is to... The thoracic cavity is to the abdominopelvic cavity. superior inferior posterior anterior The diaphragm covers the top of the abdominopelvic cavity Multiple Choice: The two major divisions of the ventra... The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the pelvic and thoracic. cranial and sacral. lateral and medial. thoracic and abdominopelvic. dorsal and ventral Multiple Choice: The two regulatory systems in the hum... The two regulatory systems in the human body are the. digestive and reproductive systems nervous and endocrine systems cardiovascular and lymphatic systems muscular and skeletal systems Both systems communicate different signals throughout the body Multiple Choice: The two subdivisions of the ventral b... The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the. thoracic and abdominal cavities abdominal and pelvic cavities thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities pericardial and pleural cavities

28 Page 28 of 45 These are separated by the diaphragm Multiple Choice: The urinary bladder is found in the _... The urinary bladder is found in the quadrant and the quadrant. right upper; right lower left upper; left lower left upper; right upper right lower; left lower 132. True/False: The ventral body cavity includes the... The ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. True False Correct. The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity make up the ventral body cavity. Incorrect. The ventral body cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Multiple Choice: The ventral body cavity is divided by... The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the. peritoneum diaphragm mediastinum pericardium This separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Multiple Choice: The visceral pleura. The visceral pleura. covers the surface of the lungs covers the organs of the abdominal cavity lines the inner surface of the lungs lines the inner surface of blood vessels Remember that the visceral pleura is in the thoracic cavity Multiple Choice: The wrist is to the elbow. The wrist is to the elbow. proximal distal lateral medial

29 Page 29 of 45 horizontal 136. Multiple Choice: This type of feedback exaggerates the... This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal. negative positive neutral depressing All of the answers are correct Multiple Choice: Under normal conditions... Under normal conditions,. set points are generally found within a set range. This allows for minor oscillations around the set point; these minor oscillations are usually ignored set points are rigidly adhered to, and when slight deviations occur, the body launches an all-out effort to bring the system back to the norm set points are generally found within a set range. Nevertheless, minor oscillations can raise havoc within the system set points are highly variable and internal reactions to set points cannot be predicted with any accuracy at all Remember that there is a range of tolerance here for normal functioning Multiple Choice: Visceral pericardium is located Visceral pericardium is located on the heart itself. lining the pleural cavity. lining the pericardial cavity. on the lung itself. lining the peritoneal cavity Multiple Choice: What are the two main divisions of th... What are the two main divisions of the ventral body cavity? abdominal and pelvic thoracic and abdominopelvic pleural and mediastinal pericardial and pleural Think of what is above and below the diaphragm Multiple Choice: What general mechanism involved in ho...

30 Page 30 of 45 What general mechanism involved in homeostatic regulation occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to an environmental stimulus? extrinsic regulation effector regulation autoregulation positive feedback What is the root word for self? 141. Essay: What is homeostatic regulation, and w... What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance? Homeostatic regulation refers to adjustments in physiological systems that are responsible for the preservation of a constant internal environment. This provides a favorable environment for the body's cells Multiple Choice: What is the body s primary mech... What is the body s primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation? stimulus enhancement control center inhibition positive feedback negative feedback Remember that this mechanism helps maintain a stable state by formation of a loop Multiple Choice: What is the common name for the anteb... What is the common name for the antebrachium? knee hand forearm arm The prefix ante- means before Multiple Choice: What is the function of the urinary s... What is the function of the urinary system? provides movement and support and generates heat that maintains body temperature excretes waste products from the blood and regulates blood ion concentration and ph directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activities of the body, and controls changes during development delivers air to the alveoli, provides oxygen to the bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream, and provides sounds for communication Remember that body fluids need to be constantly filtered.

31 Page 31 of Multiple Choice: What is the key relationship between... What is the key relationship between anatomy and physiology? Anatomy is more important than physiology. Physiological functions are performed by specific structures. There is no relationship between anatomy and physiology. Physiological functions are performed by an array of general structures. Remember that you need the parts of a machine aligned correctly for it to function Multiple Choice: What is the name of the membrane lini... What is the name of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity? peritoneum pericardium meninges pleura Remember that this membrane protects the digestive organs from friction Multiple Choice: What is the name of the serous membra... What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart? parietal peritoneum parietal pericardium visceral pleura visceral pericardium These are membranes associated with the surface of internal organs, also known as viscera Multiple Choice: What is the relationship between anat... What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology? Structure and function are related to each other only some of the time. Structure has nothing to do with function. All structures have the same function. All specific functions are performed by specific structures. Structure and function are very closely related Multiple Choice: What is the role of the effector in h... What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation? to process the information supplied by the receptor to receive the incoming information

32 Page 32 of 45 to detect changes in the internal and external environment to respond to the output of the control center Think about results from an effect Multiple Choice: What is the term for the homeostatic... What is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in response to an environmental change? autoregulation negative feedback positive feedback extrinsic regulation Think of the prefix that means self Multiple Choice: What is the term for the maintenance... What is the term for the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment in an organism? extrinsic regulation metabolism physiological regulation homeostasis Remember the process of dynamic balance Multiple Choice: What is the term for the study of how... What is the term for the study of how living organisms perform their functions? anatomy pathology physiology medical terminology Think of the word physical Multiple Choice: What is the term, meaning cutt... What is the term, meaning cutting open, that denotes the study of the structure of internal and external features of the body and how they relate to each other? medical terminology anatomy physiology pathology

33 Page 33 of 45 This word does not have the typical suffix meaning the study of Multiple Choice: What type of sectional plane divides... What type of sectional plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? transverse or horizontal frontal or coronal midsagittal parasagittal Think of the other word for anterior Multiple Choice: What would you call something made of... What would you call something made of two or more tissues that work together to perform several functions? organ cell molecule tissue Remember that this is a structure at a higher level of complexity than a tissue Multiple Choice: When a person is lying face up in ana... When a person is lying face up in anatomical position, the individual is said to be. supine prone proximal rostral This is the opposite of a prone position Multiple Choice: When body temperature rises, a center... When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of negative feedback. positive feedback. nonhomeostatic regulation. diagnostic regulation. fever Multiple Choice: When does disease or illness form? When does disease or illness form? when positive feedback is occurring

34 Page 34 of 45 when the body cannot maintain homeostasis for a particular variable or set of variables when there is too much negative feedback when a receptor receives a stimulus Remember that problems occur when conditions fall out of balance Multiple Choice: Which body cavity would a surgeon ope... Which body cavity would a surgeon open to operate on the uterus? pericardial cavity mediastinum pleural cavity pelvic cavity Remember that the uterus is partially surrounded by coxal bones Multiple Choice: Which homeostatic mechanism produces... Which homeostatic mechanism produces a response that enhances or exaggerates a stimulus? dynamic equilibrium negative feedback homeostatic imbalance positive feedback Although it sounds like a good thing, it amplifies a response and is not a common control mechanism Multiple Choice: Which of the choices contains the seq... Which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior? anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal dorsal, anterior, caudal, cephalic cephalic, caudal, posterior, anterior caudal, cephalic, anterior, posterior Think of front, back, top, bottom Multiple Choice: Which of the following homeostatic re... Which of the following homeostatic regulatory mechanisms involves a response to a stimulus that reverses or negates the stimulus? dynamic equilibrium negative feedback homeostatic imbalance positive feedback

35 Page 35 of 45 Although it may sound bad, it really keeps systems under control Multiple Choice: Which of the following imaging techni... Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys? PET scan ultrasound digital subtraction angiography MRI CT scan 164. Multiple Choice: Which of the following imaging techni... Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys? PET scan ultrasound digital subtraction angiography MRI CT scan 165. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found i... Which of the following is NOT found in the abdominopelvic cavity? liver pancreas stomach lungs Remember the organs located above the diaphragm Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found i... Which of the following is NOT found in the mediastinum? heart esophagus trachea liver Remember that the mediastinum is above the diaphragm Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT true of...

36 Page 36 of 45 Which of the following is NOT true of anatomical position? Feet are together. Palms face forward. Palms face backward. Arms and hands are at the sides. Think of the way the hands are positioned Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function... Which of the following is a function of serous membranes? connect muscle to bone reduce friction regulate body temperature increase traction Remember that without serous membranes, organs could accumulate mechanical damage Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example... Which of the following is an example of extrinsic regulation? Blood vessels release chemicals to increase platelet aggregation. The brain maintains its own blood pressure by controlling the diameter of its blood vessels. The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat faster during exercise. Tissues release chemicals to increase blood flow to their cells. Remember that this regulation happens in the context of a change in the environment Multiple Choice: Which of the following is arranged in... Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular 171. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is distal to t... Which of the following is distal to the elbow? shoulder knee toes

37 Page 37 of 45 wrist Remember that distal refers to moving away from the joint laterally Multiple Choice: Which of the following is found in th... Which of the following is found in the pelvic cavity? liver rectum lungs small intestine Remember that this is part of the lower digestive tract Multiple Choice: Which of the following is found in th... Which of the following is found in the pleural cavity? liver lungs pancreas stomach Remember that the pleural cavity is above the diaphragm Multiple Choice: Which of the following is found in th... Which of the following is found in the thoracic body cavity? stomach rectum liver heart Remember that the thoracic cavity is above the diaphragm Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the anatomi... Which of the following is the anatomical term for head? cervicis or cervical crus or crural carpus or carpal cephalon or cephalic Think about the word encephalitis.

38 Page 38 of Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the most me... Which of the following is the most medial structure? feet navel ears eyebrows Remember that medial refers to moving toward the midline of the body Multiple Choice: Which of the following is the term fo... Which of the following is the term for the study of disease? anatomy homeostasis histology pathology The root word pathos indicates suffering Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not conside... Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region? right hypochondriac right inguinal region left lumbar left hypochondriac upper 179. Multiple Choice: Which of the following levels of orga... Which of the following levels of organization is the smallest and simplest? organ level organ system level chemical level cellular level Think of what every level is composed of at the foundation Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs is desc... Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal? stomach kidney urinary bladder

39 Page 39 of 45 large intestine spleen 181. Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs is not... Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity? stomach small intestine ovary spleen pancreas 182. Multiple Choice: Which of the following regions corres... Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks? pelvic cephalic gluteal lumbar thoracic 183. Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements abo... Which of the following statements about homeostasis is NOT correct? Maintaining long-term homeostatic effects such as growth in children is mediated mainly by autoregulation. Autoregulation refers to the automatic changes in a cell, tissue, organ, or system that occur with environmental variation. The actions of the nervous system are not part of the autoregulatory processes of homeostasis. Hormones function in extrinsic regulation of homeostasis. Remember that homeostasis is a dynamic balancing act Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements abo... Which of the following statements about positive feedback is NOT true? It is the primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation. It is important in processes that must be completed quickly. It leads to a response that exaggerates the stimulus. Loop can be broken only by external processes. Remember that the benefits of positive feedback are realized over very brief periods.

40 Page 40 of Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms refers t... Which of the following terms refers to the foot? cervical brachial antebrachial femoral pedal 186. Multiple Choice: Which one of the following is not a c... Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? releases chemical messengers called hormones produces a more rapid response than the nervous system produces effects that last for days or longer produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time important homeostatic system 187. Multiple Choice: Which organ system contains bones, li... Which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow? skeletal system muscular system integumentary system digestive system The name of this organ system is similar to the name of all the bones that make up the body Multiple Choice: Which organ system includes the splee... Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils? digestive endocrine nervous cardiovascular lymphatic 189. Multiple Choice: Which organ system includes the stoma... Which organ system includes the stomach, liver, and small intestine and processes, digests, and absorbs nutrients from food? urinary system digestive system

41 Page 41 of 45 muscular system respiratory system Most of this system is a large tube that runs through the torso Multiple Choice: Which organ system is responsible for... Which organ system is responsible for the support and protection of organs and tissues and includes bones and cartilages? integumentary system lymphoid system muscular system skeletal system What is the name for the whole collection of bones in the body? 191. Multiple Choice: Which organ system protects against e... Which organ system protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, and provides sensory information? endocrine system digestive system integumentary system cardiovascular system Remember that this is a very superficial body system Multiple Choice: Which organ system provides support,... Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? integumentary muscular skeletal nervous endocrine 193. Multiple Choice: Which organ system removes carbon dio... Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? cardiovascular lymphatic respiratory digestive endocrine