POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES PROGRAMME

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1 @ セッ セ セ 000\ 0000 POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES PROGRAMME QUALIFICATION(S): Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences QUALIFICATION CODE: 50BBMS NQF LEVEL: LEVEL 5 COURSE NAME: COURSE CODE: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1A HPY110S DATE: JUNE 2015 DURATION: 3 HOURS MARKS: OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION QUESTION PAPER EXAMINER: Ms E van der Coif MODERATOR: Mr C lzaaks INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Answer all the questions in the booklet provided 2. All written work MUST be done in black ink I PERMISSIBLE MATERIALS ATTACHMENTS: None This paper consists of 6 pages excluding this cover

2 SECTION A (40 MARKS) QUESTION 1 [10] Evaluate the statements in each numbered section and select the most appropriate answer or phrase from the given possibilities. Fill in the appropriate letter next to the number of the statemenuphrase. 1.1 Homeostatic control mechanisms must ensure that: ( 1) (A) Adequate levels of nutrients are present (B) Waste products do not accumulate (C) Body temperature is precisely controlled (D) All of the above 1.2 The function of the... system is to secrete hormones which regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and metabolism: (A) lymphatic (B) urinary (C) nervous (D) endocrine 1.3 A cell membrane is called... since it allows some substances to enter the cell, but excludes other substances. (A) Impermeable to molecules which are soluble in lipids (B) Selectively permeable (C) Permeable to lipid-insoluble molecules (D) All of above 1.4 General function(s) of connective tissue include(s) the following: ( 1) (A) Binding and structural support (B) Protection against infection (C) Transport (D) All above 1.5 The following is the continuous movement of air over a warm surface, to cool the surface: (A) Radiation (B) Conduction (C) Convection (D) Evaporation

3 HPY11DS 1.6 Acetylcholine is: ( 1) (A) The ion which is transported over the sarcoplasmic reticulum to cause muscle contraction (B) The neurotransmitter which is stored in the vesicles of the motor neuron axons (C) The protein in thick filaments (D) The protein in thin filaments 1. 7 The role of ATP in muscle contraction can be described as follows: (A) ATP is needed for muscle contraction only (B) ATP is needed for muscle relaxation only (C)ATP is needed for both muscle contraction and relaxation (D) None of the above 1.8 The following is true of a reflex arc in the nervous system: (A) The reflex starts with a nerve impulse which is generated in a receptor (B) A motor neuron carries the impulse to the spinal cord (C) A sensory neuron carries the impulse from the spinal cord to the effector (D) The brain must be involved to send a message to the effector 1.9 The following is/are component(s) of a synapse in the nervous system: (A) Synaptic knob (B) Synaptic cleft (C) Neurotransmitter (D) All of the above One layer of ependymal cells covers the choroids plexuses in the ventricles of the brain. This forms the: (A) Blood-CSF barrier (B) Blood-brain barrier (C) Brain-CSF barrier (D) None of the above

4 QUESTION 2 [10] Assess the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Write only the number of the question and TRUE for a true statement or FALSE for a false statement next to the number of the question. 2.1 "Medial" means towards the side with respect to an imaginary midline. 2.2 Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration. 2.3 Endocrine glands secrete substances into ducts. 2.4 Skin on the palms and soles of the feet is thicker because it contains an extra layer. 2.5 Bone tissue cannot develop into tumours. 2.6 The calcium concentration is much higher in the sarcoplasmic reticulum than in the sarcoplasm. 2.7 Nerve impulses cause acetylcholine to be released at the neuromuscular junction. 2.8 Neuronal pools are groups of neurons which synapse with each other, and work together to perform a common function. 2.9 There is no communication between the two hemispheres of the brain The medulla oblongata in the brainstem, contains the vital centers. QUESTION 3 [20] Define I briefly describe the following terms 3.1 The overall function of the nervous system 3.2 Pus formation in a wound 3.3 Functions of the non-excitable cells of the nervous system 3.4 Location and function of melanocytes 3.5 Primary ossification center 3

5 3.6 The function and location of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase 3.7 The lactic acid threshold 3.8 Membrane potential in a neuron 3.9 Depolarization in a neuron 3.10 The lumbar puncture procedure SECTION 8 (40 MARKS) QUESTION 4 [9] 4.1 Mention four characteristics of life. 4.2 Identify the five components of a homeostatic control mechanism. (4) (5) QUESTION 5 [12] 5.1 Explain how cells differ from one another. Give one example in each case. (Half marks 8 x 0.5 = 4) (4) 5.2 Describe how substances move into and out of cells by active transport. Give an example of such a mechanism. (5) 5.3 Identify the three types of muscular tissue in the diagram and state where each is found. (Half marks) (3) A B c 4

6 QUESTION List the accessory organs associated with the skin. (5] (4) 6.2 One of the functions of the skin is excretion. Name one substance apart from water which is excreted by the skin. QUESTION 7 Describe the effects of sunlight and nutrition on bone development. (7] (7) QUESTION 8 [7] This is a diagram to show the neuromuscular junction. Write down the numbers of the labels, and identify them correctly. (7) G-- 0 c 0 F

7 HPY110S SECTION C (20 MARKS) QUESTION 9 [20] Consider the case study and answer the following questions: Sanbunani is lying in hospital after a motor cycle accident. He has multiple injuries including a broken arm with an open wound, as well as head injuries. The doctor still has to determine the extent of the head injuries. 9.1 Explain how an injured nerve fiber in his arm may regenerate. (5) 9.2 Do you think it is likely that injured neurons in his brain will regenerate? Motivate your answer. 9.3 Name the structure in his brain which will prevent infection from spreading from the blood into the brain tissue. 9.4 Identify the phagocytes in the brain which will clear away any micro-organisms which may pass the structure in Mention the fluid which the doctor will collect with a lumbar puncture to determine whether there is any infection or bleeding in his brain. 9.6 Describe the flow of information in the nervous system which makes it possible for him to sense pain in the injured parts of his arm. Identify the different parts of the nervous system which are involved. (8) 9.7 Explain how convergence (the way impulses are processed) plays a role in the sensation of pain. END OF QUESTION PAPER. GOOD LUCK! 6