Case: C : Six year old, male castrated, malamute with a history of large bowel diarrhea, tenesmus, mucous and frank blood in the stool.

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1 Case: E : 21 year old horse. Describe the lesion: A pedunculated, firm, globoid mass approximately 2cm in greatest diameter that is attached to the serosal surface of the colon. Morphologic diagnosis: Benign tumor Differentials: Leiomyoma (what it is), gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lipoma (if from the mesentery and not the serosa), metastatic neoplasia, lymphoma Case: C : Six year old, male castrated, malamute with a history of large bowel diarrhea, tenesmus, mucous and frank blood in the stool. Describe the lesion: A large, round, 10cm in greatest diameter, soft mass infiltrates the intestinal wall and expands the surrounding connective tissue. On cut surface, the tumor is tan, homogeneous with small foci of hemorrhage. Give differentials: Lymphosarcoma (what it is), visceral mast cell tumor, Leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, adenocarcinoma, metastatic, malignant neoplasia.

2 Case: E : Adult horse who presented due to colic. Describe the lesion: Solid, firm, tan-red irregular mass expands the wall of the intestine Give differentials: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (what this is), leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphosarcoma GIST in a dog Case: E : 20 year old Shetland Bay Pony Morphologic diagnosis: Mesenteric (pedunculated) lipoma This pony was euthanized because of laminitis and this was an incidental finding in this case, occasionally pedunculated lipomas can entrap bowel (called strangulating lipoma,),which results in infarction of bowel and colic.

3 Case F : Eight year old, female spayed domestic short hair cat. Describe the lesion: Multiple small masses are present within the mesentery. The distal colon has a large 2-3cm long, pale, friable, mass encircling it and occluding the lumen. Give differentials: Adenocarcinoma (with carcinomatosis), carcinoid, metastatic neoplasia Case C Twelve year old, female spayed Labrador retriever. Describe the lesion: The intestine is thickened by a transmural, poorly demarcated white, firm mass. Most likely diagnosis: This is intestinal lymphosarcoma, but histology is required for diagnosis.

4 Case F : 15 year old, female spayed domestic short hair cat. Describe the lesion: Multiple, nonencapsulated, multilobular, firm masses occupy segments of the wall of the intestine. The masses penetrate the mucosa and cause ulceration. Most likely diagnosis: Alimentary lymphoma (associated with FeLV), would need histology to confirm. Case: P day old pig from the finishing barn. Describe the lesion: The ileum is thickened with a marked corrugated appearance and evidence of necrosis and friable material (fibrin), present on the surface. Give a morphologic diagnosis: Ileum: chronic, diffuse/segmental/locally extensive, proliferative, fibrinonecrotizing ileitis (enteritis) Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis so-called proliferative enteropathy

5 Case: O months old, female lamb with progressive weight loss and hypoproteinemia. Describe the lesion: The small intestine is thickened and covered by multiple, raised, white to tan nodular masses. Give a morphologic diagnosis: intestine: chronic, marked, segmental, proliferative ileitis with lymphoid hyperplasia (peyer s patches) Differentials: Terminal or regional ileitis in 1-4 month old lambs is a non-specific disease thought to be related to Border disease virus infection, coccidiosis would be a differential Coccidiosis in sheep (hyperplasia of Peyer s patches) Case: F month old, male kitten Describe the changes: The serosal surface of the intestine is dark red and edematous. The intestine is thickened and has friable material on the mucosal surface.

6 Give a morphologic diagnosis: intestine: enteritis, fibrinonecrotizing, segmental to locally extensive, severe, subacute Etiology? Feline panleukopenia (parvovirus) This disease is most often seen in young, unvaccinated animals and in conditions where a large number of cats coinhabitate such as shelters and feral environments. Case: C Three month old, female chocolate lab. Describe the lesion: The serosal surface has a ground glass appearance. The wall is thickened and the mucosal surface is covered by brown flaky material and blood. Morphologic diagnosis: Small intestine: necrotic and hemorrhagic enterocolitis, segmental and severe Likely etiology: canine parvovirus 2 Case: G Six month old, Angora goat kid. Describe the lesion: Numerous, slightly raised, multifocal to coalescing small white foci (approximately 1mm in diameter) are scattered throughout the mucosal of the jejunum and ileum, occasionally extending to the serosal surface. Morphologic diagnosis: small intestine: chronic, proliferative enteritis Etiology: coccidiosis The presence of coccidian life stages (usually Eimeria sp.) within the cytoplasm of enterocytes causes proliferation of the intestinal glands, resulting in the gross appearance.

7 A Duck found dead. Describe the lesion: Numerous, 2-5mm, firm, white nodules are present on the visceral and parietal peritoneum. On cut surface, the nodules have an inner brown, casseous core and an outer rim of white tissue. Give a morphologic diagnosis: intestine: chronic, moderate-severe, granulomatous, enteritis What is the most likely etiology? Avian tuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium) Case: E745-07: 23 year old, female pony with a history of colic. Describe the lesion: The serosa is expanded by many multifocal to coalescing, redyellow (pink at this point) plaques (1-3mm by 5-15mm) What is the cause of this lesion? This is hemomelasma ilei due to migration of Strongylus sp. (usually S. edentatus) and is considered an incidental finding. This pony had symptoms of colic because of a pedunculated lipoma and torsion of the small intestine.

8 Case: E Hanovarian foal with signs of abdominal pain (pawing, backing up and lying down). Describe the lesion: Fibrinous exudates admixed with digesta covers the serosal surfaces primarily of the proximal to mid jejunum. A small (approximately 5mm) transmural rent with red margins is present within the wall of the proximal to mid-jejunum. Morphologic diagnosis: Jejunal perforation and fibrinous peritonitis Large numbers of ascarids were present within the small and large intestines (Parascaris equorum) and may be associated with the rupture. Case: X : Male leopard gecko Describe the lesion: The descending colon and rectum are diffusely markedly dilated with intraluminal accumulation of ingesta and thinning of the intestinal wall (megacolon). A small (approximately 1mm) transmural tear in the rectal wall is present (rectal perforation). Morphologic diagnosis: Megacolon with peracute rectal perforation This is a relatively common finding in geckos and is often due to ingestion of fine substrate in the enclosure (pica).

9 Case A Three month old turkey found dead. Describe the lesion: Both ceca are bilaterally distended. The mucosa has a dull, granular appearance with abundant, friable, easily peeled fibrin at the surface. Morphologic Diagnosis: Ceca: Bilateral, severe, fibrinonecrotizing typhlitis Etiology: This is a typical lesion of infection with Histomonas gallinarum a protozoal parasite that also causes multifocal hepatic necrosis. The protozoa is carried by the nematode Heterakis meleagridis. Case: B240-97: Four year old Chianina/Angus cross cow Describe the lesion: Peyer s patches are dark red and frequently contain fibrinonecrotic material attached to the surface Morphologic diagnosis: Ileum: Peyer s patch necrosis, fibrinonecrotic, focal enteritis What is the likely etiology? This lesion is characteristic of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (pestivirus) mucosal disease when a persistently infected animal is exposed to a cytopathic form of the virus.

10 Case X Boa constrictor: History of inappetance (for three months) and regurgitation. Describe the lesion: The serosal surface of the proximal small intestine is granular to roughened and red with adhesions to the surrounding tissues. There is marked thickening of the wall at this site and a thick layer of fetid yellow friable material is adhered to the mucosal surface. Morphologic diagnosis: small intestine: subacute, severe, segmental fibrinonecrotizing enteritis Differentials: Salmonella sp., Entamoeba sp. and secondary bacterial infection due to immunosuppression from Inclusion Body Disease (this case) Case X Nine year, female, Alpaca Describe the lesion: The wall of the intestine is thickened. The mucosal surface is irregularly friable with multifocal areas of mucosal depression and reddening with superficial adherence of fibrin. Give a morphologic diagnosis: small intestine: segmental, fibrinonecrotizing enteritis Give differentials: Salmonella sp., coccidiosis (Eimeria sp.), bovine viral diarrhea

11 Pig with Ascaris suum. Case: P Male, castrated, weaner pig. (also P ) Button ulcers in a pig due to Classical Swine Fever (quizlet.com) Describe the lesion: The cecum and large intestine have numerous, 0.2-1cm, raised, white areas on the mucosal surface, with central depressions. Morphologic diagnosis: colon and cecum: subacute, severe, multifocal, necrotizing typhlocolitis with ulcerations (P is more fibrinonecrotizing typhlocolitis) Differentials: Salmonella!!!!!! (button ulcers are characteristic of Salmonella and hog cholera, Brachyspira sp. can cause ulcerative typhlocolitis) Name a common sequela rectal stricture (from ischemic injury)

12 Case: C : Two year old female spayed German Shepherd with a history of vomiting and diarrhea. Describe the lesion: The cecum and colon have a thickened wall and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. Morphologic diagnosis: Locally extensive granulomatous (histology) enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Possibly related to Mycobacterium avium sp. There is a histiocytic colitis condition described in boxers (histologic diagnosis). inboxers ( Histiocytic and ulcerative colitis Case: P Fetus Give a morphologic diagnosis: schistosomas reflexus

13 Case: C : Three year old, Shetland Sheepdog. Describe the changes: The intestinal lymphatics are distended and several, white, firm, gritty plaques and nodules are present on the serosa of the small intestine on the mesenteric border. Think of a morphologic diagnosis: Lymphangectasia and lymphangitis (histologic diagnosis is lipogranulomatous lymphangitis with mild, lymphplasmacytic enteritis).this dog also had chylothorax and chyloabdomen presumably resulting from rupture of the lymphatics in response to ongoing inflammation. Dogs with this condition usually have a protein losing enteropathy with clinical signs of diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypoproteinemia, hydrothorax, ascites and peripheral edema. The condition is considered an inherited disease especially in small breed dogs (yorkies) with the chronic inflammation developing in response to leakage from lymphatics. Case C Seven year old, mixed breed dog. Had puppies six months ago. thevetschooljourney.blogspot.com Describe the lesion: A 5-6cm piece of rectum is markedly congested and edematous and has invaginated upon itself Morphologic diagnosis: rectal prolapse This lesion is associated with abdominal straining such as from pregnancy, parturition, and diarrhea. It is also common in feedlot heifers (especially Herefords) for genetic and presumably dietary reasons. In exotic species it has been associated with hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiencies.

14 Case: E : Six week old, male foal (and B ) and B ) Describe the lesion: A large section of bowel is telescoped upon itself, the segments are firmly attached to one another and the entrapped segment is dark red and necrotic (infarcted) Morphologic diagnosis: Acute, severe, focal intussusception Animals die from this condition due to compromise of bowel and release of bacteria and their toxins into the bloodstream resulting in a cytokine response that causes shock and death. Inflammatory conditions causing enteritis (such as previous viral, bacterial or parasitic infection) have been associated with this condition.