Bystander responses and low dose exposure: Current evidence and future research requirements
|
|
- Beatrix French
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bystander responses and low dose exposure: Current evidence and future research requirements Kevin M. Prise Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen s University Belfast
2 Outline Definition of bystander responses Mechanisms of bystander responses Recent in vivo data Future requirements
3 Radiation induced bystander response when cells respond to their neighbour(s) being irradiated Bystander Signal? Direct Irradiation (Target cell) Bystander (responding) cell Response which does not follow the standard model of biological effect in direct proportion to energy deposited in nuclear DNA (Non-(DNA)-targeted effect)
4 Non targeted responses and radiation risk Cancer risk from ionising radiation exposure at low dose is calculated by extrapolation from high dose exposure (Atomic Bomb survivors) A linear no threshold model (LNT) is used Evidence for bystander responses being both damaging and protective have been observed in experimental systems Risk LNT Epidemiological risk data Dose Dotted lines show differences from LNT
5 Factors involved in bystander signalling Zhou, Hei et al., 2008, Cancer Res. 68, 2233
6 Direct versus bystander gene expression Gene profile studies show differences between direct and bystander responses Primary lung fibroblasts 4 hours after irradiation (0.5Gy Helium ions) Direct response involves p53 activation as a key response Bystander response involves NFkβ as a key node Ghandi et al., 2009, BMC Medical Genomics 1:63
7 Interactions between transformed and non-transformed cells Transformed cells can be triggered to apoptose by ROS produced from nontransformed cells Activation of NADPH oxidase a key trigger in irradiated cells Effects triggered by low doses and controlled by TGFβ Bauer et al., 2009 IJRB
8 Damage propagation mechanisms in bystander cells What are the key damage and sensing pathways in bystander cells? How does damage propagate in these cells? What are the consequences for survival and proliferation? Does the cellular response predict tissue responses?
9 DNA damage is induced in bystander cells Clustered gamma-h2ax foci in cells targeted with Heions (line, 1 particle / µm) Early gamma- H2AX foci induction in bystander cells 30 min after irradiation Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2007, Oncogene, 26, 933
10 γh2ax induction in bystander cells induced foci per cell NHA T98G γh2ax foci persist in bystander cells Accumulation of damage in response to persistent ROS time (h) Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2007, Oncogene, 26, 933
11 Blockage of γh2ax foci induction 30 min after X ray irradiation in NHA by ATM and DNA PK inhibition control 1 Gy 1 Gy + 1 um ATMi/DNA-PKi 1 Gy + 5 um ATMi/DNA-PKi X ray irradiation induces γh2ax foci Combination of the ATM inhibitor CO PY64 and the DNA PK inhibitor NU7026 block direct foci induction Inhibitors courtesy of G Smith, KuDos, Cambridge
12 Induction of γh2ax foci in bystander cells is independent of ATM and DNA PK induced foci per cell Combination of the ATM inhibitor CO PY64 and the DNA PK inhibitor NU7026 do not block foci induction in bystander NHA cells 0 MT MT + ATMi 5uM MT + DNA- Pki 5uM MT + ATMi/DNA- PKi 5uM Inhibitors courtesy of G Smith, KuDos, Cambridge
13 DSB and cell cycle checkpoints From Lobrich and Jeggo, 2007, Nat. Rev Cancer, 7, 861
14 Is there a role for ATR in bystander H2AX phosphorylation? H2AX is phosphorylated by DNA PK and ATM at sites of DNA DSB after ionising radiation ATR recruitment to DNA DSB induced by IR depends on ATM ATR is recruited to chromatin in S phase H2AX phoshorylation by ATR requires replication stress, arrested replication forks Bystander γh2ax foci through ATR at stalled replication forks in S phase? (ROS mediated single strand breaks, base damage?)
15 γh2ax foci in ATR mutated cells after direct irradiation, but not in bystander cells ATR mut, control ATR mut, 1 Gy ATR mut, Medium transfer WT, control WT, 1 Gy ATR Seckel cells courtesy of Penny Jeggo, University of Sussex WT, Medium transfer
16 No bystander γh2ax foci induction in ATR mutated fibroblasts (ATR Seckel cells) induced foci per cell WT ATR mut percentage G1 WT ATR mut S/G2 No bystander foci in ATR mutated fibroblasts Cell cycle distribution similar in ATR mutated and control cells time (h) Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2007, Oncogene, 26, 933
17 Induction of 53BP1 foci in S phase bystander cells 5 4 T98G cells BP1 foci control BrdU - bystander BrdU - induced foci per cell Fraction of cells control BrdU+ bystander BrdU γh2ax 53BP1 F02-98 htert 48BR htert BP1 foci per cell Both 53BP1 and γh2ax were induced to a similar level in bystander T98G cells. 53BP1 foci in bystander cells depended on functional ATR. 53BP1 bystander foci predominantly occur in BrdU-positive S-phase cells. Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2008, Cancer Research 68, 7059.
18 ATR dependent induction of ATM S1981P foci 48BR htert F02-98 htert DAPI ATM-S1981P 1 Gy DAPI ATM-S1981P 1 Gy FO2-98 htert 48BR htert bystander bystander induced foci control control 5 0 bystander 1 Gy ATM acts downstream of ATR in bystander cells Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2008, Cancer Research 68, 7059.
19 Radiosensitivity of ATM / and ATR mutated cells Direct radiation 48BR htert wild type T98G glioma F02-98 ATR mut ATM -/- MO59J DNAPKcs mut Increased radiosensitivity in ATM /, DNA PK mutant and ATR mutant cells Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2008, Cancer Research 68, 7059.
20 ATM / and ATR mutated cells are rescued from bystander cell killing Survival fraction MO59J DNA-PK mut ATM-/- fibroblasts T98G glioma 48 BR htert ATR wt FO2-98 htert ATR-mut Burdak-Rothkamm et al., 2008, Cancer Research 68, No bystander cell killing in ATM / and ATR mutated cells γh2ax foci induction in ATM / and DNA PK mutated bystander cells Cells can be rescued from cell death if a DNA damage response is not activated
21 DNA damage signalling in bystander cells
22 Bystander responses in tissues Can localised irradiation be performed in tissue models? Does the response of cell culture models predict for tissue response? Microbeam
23 porcine urothelium H&E stained ureter section Lumen 100 μm 100 μm 1 mm Lamina propria Superficial cell layer - differentiated 2-3 intermediate cell layers - semi-differentiated, nondividing Basal cell layer, dividing Belyakov et al., 2004 Cell movement
24 Primary urothelial explants 7 day urothelium outgrowth 10mm Scheme of urothelial explant. Cells in the centre are differentiated (black) and at the periphery are proliferating (grey) Urothelial outgrowth cytokeratin positive Explant growth
25 Bystander effect dose response Mean fraction of damaged cells (0) (3) (10) (20) (44) Number of particles delivered to a single location Belyakov et al., 2004 Tissue models show similar response to cell models
26 Differentiation Markers Section of porcine ureter stained with uroplakin III (Green), a specific marker for terminally differentiated urothelium lumen 10 μm uroplakin III positive cell in the explant outgrowth
27 Bystander-induced differentiation *P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01 Single location in a ureter tissue fragment targeted with 10 helium ions Fraction of Uroplakin III positive cells scored 7 days after irradiation of the tissue fragment Each sample from a different ureter Bars represent multiple explants from the same ureter Belyakov et al., 2004
28 Bystander effect tissue targeting 3-D Human Skin Reconstruct Model Belyakov et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102,
29 Bystander effect range in tissue Apoptotic cells Micronucleated cells Bystander response observed in 3 D tissue Range of up to 1 mm from exposed cells Belyakov et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102,
30 Tissue homeostasis? Stem <40% 60% Transit Differentiated urothelium spontaneous <1% damaged Localised irradiation 80% Stem 20% Transit Differentiated urothelium spontaneous damaged Prise and Belyakov, unpublished + Feedback stimulation of proliferation
31 In vivo studies of bystander responses Partial mouse exposures (head shielded) C57BL/6 BALB/c Measurements of skin and spleen after whole body or shielded exposures (0.01 or 1Gy) DNA damage induction and apoptosis in shielded areas Further work shows increased epigentic responses involving methylation Potential role for mirna species in long range transmission of response Koturbash et al., (2008) IJROBP, 70, 554.
32 Evidence for bystander-induced carcinogenesis in vivo Radiosensitive mouse models PTCH1 mutants (+/ ) predisposed to medulloblastoma and skin tumours Mice irradiated with X ray doses 0.036, 3, 8.3Gy at post natal day 2 Irradiation setup for shielded irradiation Mancuso M. et.al. PNAS 2008;105:
33 Medulloblastoma development in Ptch1+/ mice Significant induction of medulloblastoma in shielded mice (3Gy) 39% relative to whole body (62%) No effect of scattered dose (0.036 Gy) by week 31 Mancuso M. et.al. PNAS 2008;105:
34 Levels and kinetics of apoptosis in exposed and shielded P2 mouse cerebellum Increased levels of apoptosis measured in whole body and shielded areas within 3 hours of irradiation Cell death stimulated a compensatory hyperplasia in the external granule layer Mancuso M. et.al. PNAS 2008;105:
35 Summary Bystander responses are well characterised in a range of cell models Recent data suggest accumulation of damage in bystander cells drive cellular responses Studies with 3 D models show effects on damaging and protective process Recent in vivo data (at high dose) highlights the carcinogenic potential of bystander signalling
36 Future Research Requirements Cell studies need to consider signalling between different cell types Normal pre cancerous tumour cells stem transit differentiated 3 D models provide an opportunity to test interactions or relevance to tissue responses at low dose Further in vivo studies are required in a range of models with emphasis on localised low dose irradiation
37 Acknowledgements Radiation Biology Group, CCRCB Giuseppe Schettino Shahnaz Al-Rashid Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm Karl Butterworth Keeva McClelland Deepu Oommen Rasa Ugenskiene Mihaela Ghita Gaurang Patel Elena Zahrieva Anna Acheva Joy Kavanagh Martin Lawlor NICC/CCRCB Joe O Sullivan Dean Fennell Medical Physics Agency Alan Hounsell Conor McGarry European Commission NIH Collaborations Fiona Lyng, DIT, Dublin Chunlin Shao, Fudan University, China Oleg Belyakov, STUK, Helsinki Kathryn Held, MGH, Boston Laurence Tartier, Institute Curie, Orsay, France. Boris Vojnovic, Gray Cancer Institute, Northwood
William F. Morgan. Ph.D., D.Sc.
Biological Responses at Low Radiation Doses: Advances in Radiation Biology and Potential ti Implications for Radiation Exposure Regulations. William F. Morgan. Ph.D., D.Sc. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
More informationPatched heterozygous mouse cerebellum
WORKSHOP RADIAZIONI IONIZZANTI: NUOVI MODELLI PER LA STIMA DEL RISCHIO 1 ottobre 28, ENEA, Roma Oncogenic bystander radiation effects in Patched heterozygous mouse cerebellum Mariateresa Mancuso BAS-BIOTECMED
More informationBEIR VIII Planning Meeting
BEIR VIII Planning Meeting Recent reviews and novel data - low dose radiobiology Simon Bouffler 17 November 2014 Outline Advisory Group on Ionising Radiation activities human radiosensitivity, transgenerational
More informationTumor cell reassortment within the cell cycle (including checkpoints and cell-cycle arrest)
Tumor cell reassortment within the cell cycle (including checkpoints and cell-cycle arrest) Carsten Herskind Dept. of Radiation Oncology. Universitätsmedizin Mannheim Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg
More informationThe use of radiation microbeams to investigate the bystander effect in cells and tissues
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 580 (2007) 446 450 www.elsevier.com/locate/nima The use of radiation microbeams to investigate the bystander effect in cells and tissues M. Folkard
More informationThe Impact of Bystander Effects and Adaptive Responses in the Health Risks of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation
The Impact of Bystander Effects and Adaptive Responses in the Health Risks of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Edouard Azzam New Jersey Medical School Newark, USA Two phenomena have been recently implicated
More informationModelling of Biological Processes
Modelling of Biological Processes WHAT HAPPENS AFTER EARLY MOLECULAR DAMAGE? Stephen McMahon Queen s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland 3 rd August 2016 1 Do we need biology? The Linear-quadratic relationship
More informationDirect evidence for a bystander effect of ionizing radiation in primary human fibroblasts
doi: 10.1054/ bjoc.2000.1665, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on http://www.bjcancer.com Direct evidence for a bystander effect of ionizing radiation in primary human fibroblasts OV Belyakov,
More informationNon targeted effects of ionising radiation Integrated Project
Non targeted effects of ionising radiation Integrated Project 2006-2010 A new paradigm of Radiation Biology Targeted effects Classical paradigm of radiation biology DNA damage occurs during or very shortly
More informationHealth Physics and the Linear No-Threshold Model
Health Physics and the Linear No-Threshold Model Understanding Radiation and Its Effects John Baunach Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN What is health physics? Outline What organizational bodies govern
More informationnuclear science and technology
EUROPEAN COMMISSION nuclear science and technology Radiation-specific DNA non-double strand break lesions: repair mechanisms and biological effects (Non-DSB Lesions) Contract N o FIGH-CT2002-00207 Final
More informationInstitute of Radiation Biology. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014
Institute of Radiation Biology Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes DoReMi Course 2014 Hippocrates: Cause is systemic excess of black humor. Paracelsus challenges the humor theory. Suggests external
More informationSupplementary Figure 1: si-craf but not si-braf sensitizes tumor cells to radiation.
Supplementary Figure 1: si-craf but not si-braf sensitizes tumor cells to radiation. (a) Embryonic fibroblasts isolated from wildtype (WT), BRAF -/-, or CRAF -/- mice were irradiated (6 Gy) and DNA damage
More informationnuclear science and technology
EUROPEAN COMMISSION nuclear science and technology The role of intercellular communication and DNA double-strand breaks in the induction of bystander effects (INTERSTANDER) Contract N o FIGH-CT2002-00218
More informationClastogenic factors in blood plasma obtained from subjects exposed to. Carita Lindholm STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority
Clastogenic factors in blood plasma obtained from subjects exposed to ionizing radiation Carita Lindholm STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Objectives: Identify clastogenic factors in blood
More informationComputational Systems Biology Modeling of DNA-damage Stress Pathways for Assessing Mutation Rates at Low Doses
Computational Systems Biology Modeling of DNA-damage Stress Pathways for Assessing Mutation Rates at Low Doses Rebecca Clewell Society of Toxicology March 25, 2015 Exposure & Consumer Use Assessment High-content
More informationRadiation Carcinogenesis
Radiation Carcinogenesis November 11, 2014 Dhyan Chandra, Ph.D. Pharmacology and Therapeutics Roswell Park Cancer Institute Email: dhyan.chandra@roswellpark.org Overview - History of radiation and radiation-induced
More informationValidity of the LNT Hypothesis. Dr. Dietrich Averbeck
6th Annual International Conference on Hormesis: Implications for Toxicology, Medecine and Risk Assessment, May 1-3, 2007, Amherst Recent Biological Results Against the Validity of the LNT Hypothesis Dr.
More informationSupplementary Material
Supplementary Material Summary: The supplementary information includes 1 table (Table S1) and 4 figures (Figure S1 to S4). Supplementary Figure Legends Figure S1 RTL-bearing nude mouse model. (A) Tumor
More informationFactors determining DNA double strand break repair pathway choice in G2 phase.
Supplementary Data Factors determining DN double strand break repair pathway choice in G2 phase. tsushi Shibata 1, Sandro Conrad 2, Julie irraux 1, Verena Geuting 2, Olivia arton 2, mani Ismail 1, ndreas
More informationBasics of Radiation Biology
Basics of Radiation Biology Sally A. Amundson Columbia University Center for Radiological Research http://www.cmcr.columbia.edu/ Overview Radiation damage to cells DNA Effects of radiation damage on cells
More informationBasics of Radiation Biology
Basics of Radiation Biology Sally A. Amundson Columbia University Center for Radiological Research http://www.cmcr.columbia.edu/ Overview Radiation damage to cells DNA Effects of radiation damage on cells
More informationThe range of radiosensitivity in the human population: hyper- and hypo-sensitivity
International Conference on Modern Radiotherapy The range of radiosensitivity in the human population: hyper- and hypo-sensitivity Simon Bouffler December 2009 Indicators of radiosenitivity In Patients
More informationDNA double strand break repair: a radiation perspective
DNA double strand break repair: a radiation perspective Kavanagh, J. N., Redmond, K. M., Schettino, G., & Prise, K. M. (2013). DNA double strand break repair: a radiation perspective. Antioxidants & Redox
More informationImplications of Intercellular Signaling for Radiation Therapy: A Theoretical Dose-Planning Study
Implications of Intercellular Signaling for Radiation Therapy: A Theoretical Dose-Planning Study McMahon, S. J., McGarry, C. K., Butterworth, K. T., O'Sullivan, J. M., Hounsell, A. R., & Prise, K. M. (2013).
More informationMultistep Carcinogenesis
Multistep Carcinogenesis M.Rosemann, Institute for Radiation Biology Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Centre for Health and Environment The Hallmarks of Cancer D.Hanahan, Cell 2011 The Hallmarks of Cancer
More informationThe In-flux of Nuclear Science to Radiobiology
The In-flux of Nuclear Science to Radiobiology G. Taucher-Scholz, G. Kraft (GSI) 1 B. Michael (Gray Lab) 2 M. Belli (INFN) 3 1 GSI, Biophysik, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany 2 Gray Lab.,Cancer
More informationLET, RBE and Damage to DNA
LET, RBE and Damage to DNA Linear Energy Transfer (LET) When is stopping power not equal to LET? Stopping power (-de/dx) gives the energy lost by a charged particle in a medium. LET gives the energy absorbed
More informationLOW DOSES OF RADIATION REDUCE RISK IN VIVO
Dose-Response: An International Journal Volume 5 Issue 1 ADAPTIVE BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES FOLLOWING EXPOSURES TO IONIZING RADIATION Article 4 3-2007 LOW DOSES OF RADIATION REDUCE RISK IN VIVO REJ Mitchel
More informationA Kinetic-Based Model of Radiation-Induced Intercellular Signalling
A Kinetic-Based Model of Radiation-Induced Intercellular Signalling McMahon, S. J., Butterworth, K. T., Trainor, C., McGarry, C. K., O'Sullivan, J. M., Schettino, G.,... Prise, K. M. (2013). A Kinetic-Based
More informationGenome Instability is Breathtaking
Genome Instability is Breathtaking Effects of Alpha Radiation exposure on DNA at a molecular level and consequences to cell health Dr. Aaron Goodarzi A.Goodarzi@ucalgary.ca Radiation what do you think
More informationU.S. Low Dose Radiation Research Program
U.S. Low Dose Radiation Research Program Update November 2010 ISCORS NF Metting, ScD, Program Manager Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research The Department of Energy Office of
More informationProlonged mitotic arrest induces a caspase-dependent DNA damage
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Prolonged mitotic arrest induces a caspase-dependent DNA damage response at telomeres that determines cell survival Karolina O. Hain, Didier J. Colin, Shubhra Rastogi, Lindsey
More informationRadiation-induced Bystander and Adaptive Responses in Cell and Tissue Models. Kevin M. Prise, Melvyn Folkard and Barry D. Michael
Radiation-induced Bystander and Adaptive Responses in Cell and Tissue Models Kevin M. Prise, Melvyn Folkard and Barry D. Michael Gray Cancer Institute, PO Box 100, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, HA6
More informationChronic cell death may play a crucial role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to radon exposure
Chronic cell death may play a crucial role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to radon exposure Balázs G. Madas, Imre Balásházy MTA Centre for Energy Research,, Hungary balazs.madas@energia.mta.hu Low
More informationCONTENTS NOTE TO THE READER...1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS...3
CONTENTS NOTE TO THE READER...1 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS...3 PREAMBLE...9 Background...9 Objective and Scope...9 Selection of Topics for Monographs...10 Data for Monographs...11 The Working Group...11 Working
More informationnuclear science and technology
EUROPEAN COMMISSION nuclear science and technology Identification and isolation of susceptibility genes involved in radiation-induced cancer in humans (SUS GENES IN RAD CAR) Contract N o FIGH-CT1999-00002
More informationHadrons on Malignant Cells: Recent Activities within Collaboration between LNS INFN and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences
ENSAR2 Midterm Meeting of Networking Activity 5: MediNet March 12 th 14 th, 218 Vinča Institute of Nuclear sciences, University of Belgrade Hadrons on Malignant Cells: Recent Activities within Collaboration
More informationRadioactivity. Lecture 8 Biological Effects of Radiation
Radioactivity Lecture 8 Biological Effects of Radiation Studies of impact of ionizing radiation on the human body - Hiroshima - US-Japanese teams medical tests, autopsies, human organ analysis, on-site
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE LEGENDS
SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE LEGENDS Supplemental Figure S1: Endogenous interaction between RNF2 and H2AX: Whole cell extracts from 293T were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-rnf2 or anti-γ-h2ax antibodies
More informationBiological Effects of Radiation KJ350.
Biological Effects of Radiation KJ350 deborah.oughton@nmbu.no 2111 2005 Radiation Biology Interaction of radiation with biological material Doses (Gy, Sv) and effects Scientific Controversy Radiation Protection
More informationBRCA1, FANCD2 and Chk1 are potential molecular targets for the modulation of a radiation-induced DNA damage response in bystander cells
BRCA1, FANCD2 and Chk1 are potential molecular targets for the modulation of a radiation-induced DNA damage response in bystander cells Burdak-Rothkamm, S., Rothkamm, K., McClelland, K., Al Rashid, S.
More informationProblem Set 8 Key 1 of 8
7.06 2003 Problem Set 8 Key 1 of 8 7.06 2003 Problem Set 8 Key 1. As a bright MD/PhD, you are interested in questions about the control of cell number in the body. Recently, you've seen three patients
More informationRadiation-induced induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects: implications for radiation leukaemogenesis
Radiation-induced induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects: implications for radiation leukaemogenesis University of Dundee Medical School Eric G Wright Professor of Experimental Haematology The
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Discussion The cell cycle machinery and the DNA damage response network are highly interconnected and co-regulated in assuring faithful duplication and partition of genetic materials into
More informationModelling the induction of cell death and chromosome damage by therapeutic protons
Modelling the induction of cell death and chromosome damage by therapeutic protons M.P. Carante 1,2 and F. Ballarini 1,2, * 1 University of Pavia, Physics Department, Pavia, Italy 2 INFN, Sezione di Pavia,
More informationA Commentary on: A History of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Dr. Antone L.
A Commentary on: A History of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Low Dose Radiation Research Program: 1998 2008 Dr. Antone L. Brooks 1 1. Retired, Washington State University 1 6802 West 13 th
More informationDNA double-strand break repair of parental chromatin in ooplasm and origin of de novo mutations. Peter de Boer
DNA double-strand break repair of parental chromatin in ooplasm and origin of de novo mutations Peter de Boer Department of Obst.& Gynaecology, Div. Reproductive Medicine Radboud University Nijmegen Medical
More informationNon-targeted effects of ionising radiation
Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation Sisko Salomaa STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Co-ordination Meeting on Low Dose Risk Research, Brussels, 20-21 June 2007 06/07/2007 NOTE, 2006-2010
More informationNature Immunology: doi: /ni eee Supplementary Figure 1
eee Supplementary Figure 1 Hyphae induce NET release, but yeast do not. (a) NET release by human peripheral neutrophils stimulated with a hgc1 yeast-locked C. albicans mutant (yeast) or pre-formed WT C.
More informationRadiobiology of fractionated treatments: the classical approach and the 4 Rs. Vischioni Barbara MD, PhD Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica
Radiobiology of fractionated treatments: the classical approach and the 4 Rs Vischioni Barbara MD, PhD Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica Radiobiology It is fundamental in radiation oncology Radiobiology
More informationRadiation Protection in the World of Modern Radiobiology: Time for A New Approach. R. E. J. Mitchel and D. R Boreham
Radiation Protection in the World of Modern Radiobiology: Time for A New Approach R. E. J. Mitchel and D. R Boreham Radiation Biology and Health Physics Branch, AECL, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River
More informationAdvances in Radiobiological Studies Using a Microbeam
J. Radiat. Res., 50: Suppl., A7-A12 (2009) Advances in Radiobiological Studies Using a Microbeam Tom K. HEI 1,2,3 *, Leslie K. BALLAS 2, David J. BRENNER 1,3 and Charles R. GEARD 1 Microbeam/3D human tissues/arabidopsis/bystander
More informationMechanisms and biological importance of photon-induced bystander responses: do they have an impact on low-dose radiation responses
Journal of Radiation Research, 2015, 56, 205 219 doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru099 Advance Access Publication 31 October 2014 Mechanisms and biological importance of photon-induced bystander responses: do they have
More informationNature Medicine: doi: /nm.4322
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Supplementary Figure 1. Predicted RNA structure of 3 UTR and sequence alignment of deleted nucleotides. (a) Predicted RNA secondary structure of ZIKV 3 UTR. The stem-loop structure
More informationSelf-inflicted DNA double-strand breaks sustain tumorigenicity and stemness of cancer cells
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cell Research (2017) 27:764-783. www.nature.com/cr Self-inflicted DNA double-strand breaks sustain tumorigenicity and stemness of cancer cells Xinjian Liu 1, Fang Li 1, Qian Huang 2, Zhengxiang
More informationEPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RADIATION- INDUCED GENOME INSTABILITY AND CARCINOGENESIS: POWER, PROMISE AND OPPORTUNITIES
EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RADIATION- INDUCED GENOME INSTABILITY AND CARCINOGENESIS: POWER, PROMISE AND OPPORTUNITIES Olga Kovalchuk, MD/PhD University of Lethbridge, AB, Canada Sources of radiation exposure:
More informationThe mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of sparsely ionizing
Radiation dose-rate effects, endogenous DNA damage, and signaling resonance Michael M. Vilenchik* and Alfred G. Knudson *The Sally Balin Medical Center, 110 Chesley Drive, Media, PA 19063; and Division
More informationBiological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 232 - LECTURE 2 & 3 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM How does radiation injure people? - High energy radiation
More informationGenomic Instability and Bystander Effect Implications for Radiation Protection. S. Salomaa
Genomic Instability and Bystander Effect Implications for Radiation Protection S. Salomaa STUK Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Research and Environmental Surveillance, P.O.Box 14, FIN-00881 Helsinki,
More informationCOMPARISON OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARBON IONS TO PROTONS ON A RESISTANT HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE
COMPARISON OF RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CARBON IONS TO PROTONS ON A RESISTANT HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE I. Petrovi a, A. Risti -Fira a, L. Kori anac a, J. Požega a, F. Di Rosa b, P. Cirrone b and G. Cuttone
More informationDNA Double-Strand Breaks Form in Bystander Cells after Microbeam Irradiation of Three-dimensional Human Tissue Models
DNA Double-Strand Breaks Form in Bystander Cells after Microbeam Irradiation of Three-dimensional Human Tissue Models Olga A. Sedelnikova, 1 Asako Nakamura, 1 Olga Kovalchuk, 2 Igor Koturbash, 2 Stephen
More informationAlpha particles induce pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX in primary human lymphocytes mediated through ATM
Alpha particles induce pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX in primary human lymphocytes mediated through ATM Horn, S., Brady, D., & Prise, K. (2015). Alpha particles induce pan-nuclear phosphorylation
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA, et al. Inhibition of poly(adp-ribose)
More informationTumour growth environment modulates Chk1 signalling pathways and sensitivity to Chk1 inhibition
Tumour growth environment modulates Chk1 signalling pathways and sensitivity to Chk1 inhibition Andrew J Massey Supplementary Information Supplementary Figure S1. Related to Fig. 1. (a) HT29 or U2OS cells
More informationBiological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units
INAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE (IMC) RAD 232 - LECTURE 3, 4 & 5 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation & Commonly Used Radiation Units DR. MOHAMMED MOSTAFA EMAM How does radiation injure people? - High energy
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 a γ-h2ax MDC1 RNF8 FK2 BRCA1 U2OS Cells sgrna-1 ** 60 sgrna 40 20 0 % positive Cells (>5 foci per cell) b ** 80 sgrna sgrna γ-h2ax MDC1 γ-h2ax RNF8 FK2 MDC1 BRCA1 RNF8 FK2 BRCA1
More informationAcquisition of Radiation Resistant Ability in Non- Irradiated Cells by Secreted Factors from Low Dose Irradiated Cells
Nagoya University Acquisition of Radiation Resistant Ability in Non- Irradiated Cells by Secreted Factors from Low Dose Irradiated Cells Jun Kumagai a *, Akane Oohashi b and Genro Kashino c a Institute
More informationRadiation induced DNA double strand breaks undergoing PET/CT examinations.
Radiation induced DNA double strand breaks undergoing PET/CT examinations. Poster No.: C-1685 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: M. S. May, M. Brand, T. Löwe, M. Sommer, C. Engert, U.
More informationAssistant Professor Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine
A Mechanism-Based Approach to Predict Relative Biological i Effectiveness and the Effects of Tumor Hypoxia in Charged Particle Radiotherapy David J. Carlson, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Therapeutic
More informationThe Linear No-Threshold Model (LNT): Made to Be Tested, Made to Be Questioned. Richard C. Miller, PhD Associate Professor The University of Chicago
The Linear No-Threshold Model (LNT): Made to Be Tested, Made to Be Questioned Richard C. Miller, PhD Associate Professor The University of Chicago Regulatory Organizations NCRP (Nat l Council on Radiation
More informationEx vivo functional assays for Homologous Recombination deficiency in breast cancer. Dik C. van Gent
Ex vivo functional assays for Homologous Recombination deficiency in breast cancer Dik C. van Gent Breast cancer types treatments ER/PR: anti-hormonal therapy HER2: Herceptin Triple negative (TNBC): no
More informationLecture 10. G1/S Regulation and Cell Cycle Checkpoints. G1/S regulation and growth control G2 repair checkpoint Spindle assembly or mitotic checkpoint
Lecture 10 G1/S Regulation and Cell Cycle Checkpoints Outline: G1/S regulation and growth control G2 repair checkpoint Spindle assembly or mitotic checkpoint Paper: The roles of Fzy/Cdc20 and Fzr/Cdh1
More informationTargeting the ATR Kinase in Cancer Therapy
Targeting the ATR Kinase in Cancer Therapy 2017 Chabner Colloquium October 30, 2017 Lee Zou MGH Cancer Center Harvard Medical School Disclosure Consultant/advisory role: Loxo Oncology DNA Damage and Replication
More informationRadiation Effects in Life Sciences
Radiation Effects in Life Sciences oocyte eggs in uterus spermatheca gonad Quality of Radiation Biological Effects Applications of SSD in Life sciences Nanodosimetry Particle Microscope (pct) vulva Radiation
More informationFigure S1. B % of Phosphorylation 32H. 32ss
Figure S1 8H 32ss 32H 32Hc % of Phosphorylation 3 32H 2 1 32ss 1 2 3 4 Extract (μg) C % of Phosphorylation 18 12 6-32H 32Hc 8H 32ss Dbait Figure S1. List of the Dbait molecules and activation of DN-PK
More informationDose-effect relationship and estimation of the carcinogenic effects of low doses of ionizing radiation
05/10/2005 Dose-effect relationship and estimation of the carcinogenic effects of low doses of ionizing radiation The Joint Report of the Académie des Sciences (Paris) and of the Académie Nationale de
More informationEarly Embryonic Development
Early Embryonic Development Maternal effect gene products set the stage by controlling the expression of the first embryonic genes. 1. Transcription factors 2. Receptors 3. Regulatory proteins Maternal
More informationThe application of 1.6 MeV proton microbeam to investigate radiation-induced bystander effect in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line
The application of 1.6 MeV proton microbeam to investigate radiation-induced bystander effect in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line Elena LAGZDINA, Mindaugas GASPARIŪNAS, Rita PLUKIENĖ, Artūras PLUKIS,
More informationEFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2006 Report Volume II Scientific Annexes C, D and E EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION United Nations
More informationApplications of Particle Accelerators
Applications of Particle Accelerators Prof. Rob Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory EMMA Accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory Applications >30000 accelerators in use world-wide: 44% for radiotherapy
More informationnuclear science and technology
EUROPEAN COMMISSION nuclear science and technology Gene-radiation interactions: their influence on pre-menopausal breast cancer risk after Chernobyl (GENE-RAD-INTERACT) Contract N o FIGH-CT2002-00215 Final
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Genotyping strategies for Mcm3 +/+, Mcm3 +/Lox and Mcm3 +/- mice and luciferase activity in Mcm3 +/Lox mice. A.
Supplementary Figure 1. Genotyping strategies for Mcm3 +/+, Mcm3 +/Lox and Mcm3 +/- mice and luciferase activity in Mcm3 +/Lox mice. A. Upper part, three-primer PCR strategy at the Mcm3 locus yielding
More informationNon-Targeted Effects. Break out Session 1 H.Métivier Rapporteur
Non-Targeted Effects Break out Session 1 H.Métivier Rapporteur Non-Targeted Effects The group discussed the non-targeted effects and their potential impacts on RP system. However, after a fruitful and
More informationThe impact of different radiation qualities on cancer cells
The impact of different radiation qualities on cancer cells Marjan Moreels, PhD Radiobiology Unit,, Belgium XXth Colloque GANIL Session 10, Amboise, France Oct 19, 2017 1 The Belgian Nuclear Research Center
More informationEvidence for induction of DNA double strand breaks in the bystander response to targeted soft X-rays in CHO cells
Mutation Research 556 (2004) 209 215 Evidence for induction of DNA double strand breaks in the bystander response to targeted soft X-rays in CHO cells Genro Kashino a,b,1, Kevin M. Prise a,, Giuseppe Schettino
More informationA dual PI3 kinase/mtor inhibitor reveals emergent efficacy in glioma
Supplemental data A dual PI3 kinase/mtor inhibitor reveals emergent efficacy in glioma Qi-Wen Fan, Zachary A. Knight, David D. Goldenberg, Wei Yu, Keith E. Mostov, David Stokoe, Kevan M. Shokat, and William
More informationAccelerated heavy ions as a tool for solving problems in fundamental and space radiobiology
Accelerated heavy ions as a tool for solving problems in fundamental and space radiobiology E. Krasavin Round Table 2 Italy-Russia@Dubna on SPACE PHISICS and BIOLOGY On Earth - accelerators of heavy charged
More informationAPOPTOSIS AND RADIATION. Laura Valverde Soria Radiology and Physical Medicine
APOPTOSIS AND RADIATION Laura Valverde Soria Radiology and Physical Medicine APOPTOSIS APOPTOSIS PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH Apoptosis is a natural phenomenon: each cell contains in its genome the information
More informationCancer. Questions about cancer. What is cancer? What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage?
Questions about cancer What is cancer? Cancer Gil McVean, Department of Statistics, Oxford What causes unregulated cell growth? What regulates cell growth? What causes DNA damage? What are the steps in
More informationCell Damage. Standardized and automatic determination of DNA double strand breaks using immunofluorescence
Standardized and automatic determination of DNA double strand breaks using immunofluorescence Patents: CN 2702421, EP 2208068, TR 201308237, 200880115751 The Platform Motorized, inverse fluorescence microscope
More informationIntroduction to Cancer Biology
Introduction to Cancer Biology Robin Hesketh Multiple choice questions (choose the one correct answer from the five choices) Which ONE of the following is a tumour suppressor? a. AKT b. APC c. BCL2 d.
More informationIonizing Radiation. Nuclear Medicine
Ionizing Radiation Nuclear Medicine Somatic Deterministic Effect Erythema Somatic Stochastic Effect Leukemia Genetic Effects DNA BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
More informationImportance of ATM in Radiotherapy
Importance of ATM in Radiotherapy Radiology and Physical Medicine María Trinidad Rueda Cáceres Radiotherapy Importance of ATM in Radiotherapy One of the standard treatment options for various malignant
More informationRishabh Kala 1, Harsh N. Shah 1, Samantha L. Martin 1 and Trygve O. Tollefsbol 1,2,3,4,5*
Kala et al. BMC Cancer (2015) 15:672 DOI 10.1186/s12885-015-1693-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Epigenetic-based combinatorial resveratrol and pterostilbene alters DNA damage response by affecting SIRT1
More information(a) Schematic diagram of the FS mutation of UVRAG in exon 8 containing the highly instable
Supplementary Figure 1. Frameshift (FS) mutation in UVRAG. (a) Schematic diagram of the FS mutation of UVRAG in exon 8 containing the highly instable A 10 DNA repeat, generating a premature stop codon
More informationLYMHOCYTE CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION ASSAY IN RADIATION BIODOSIMETRY
LYMHOCYTE CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION ASSAY IN RADIATION BIODOSIMETRY Dr. Birutė Gricienė 1,2 1 Radiation Protection Centre 2 Vilnius University Introduction Ionising radiation is a well-known mutagenic and
More informationMechanisms of DNA Damage Response to Targeted Irradiation in Organotypic 3D Skin Cultures
Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response to Targeted Irradiation in Organotypic 3D Skin Cultures Acheva, A., Ghita, M., Patel, G., Prise, K. M., & Schettino, G. (2014). Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response to Targeted
More informationNovel Approaches to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells
Novel Approaches to Targeting Cancer Stem Cells Dr. Jeffrey M. Rosen C.C. Bell Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Rosen and Jordan, Science 324:1670, 2009
More information