Appendix table of content: Appendix Table S1. Appendix Table S2. Appendix Figure S1. Appendix Figure S2. Appendix Methods.

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1 Appendix table of content: Appendix Table S Appendix Table S Appendix Figure S Appendix Figure S Appendix Methods Appendix Legends

2 Appendix Methods mir--3p putative targets in silico analysis: Predictions of seed sequences were obtained from mirmap (Vejnar et al, 3). Genomic distances of the first nucleotide of SMAD7 seed sequence predicted to bind with mir--3p are: sequence A (chromosome 8) 435 (3 UTR) and sequence B (chromosome 8) 45(3 UTR) Appendix Legends Appendix Table S: PPARβ/δ regulates the expression of mirnas in murine skin chronically exposed to UV Cutaneous mirna, which expression was affected by chronic UV exposure ( weeks) in a PPARβ/δ-dependent way. Black: mirna overexpressed (at least.5 fold) in Ppard +/+ compared to Ppard -/- skin. Light grey: mirna underexpressed (at least.5 fold) in Ppard +/+ compared to Ppard -/- skin. Dark grey: mirna underexpressed (at least 3 fold) in Ppard +/+ compared to Ppard -/- skin. Statistical significance was set to p-value <. (t-test analysis adjusted for multiple comparison). Appendix Table S: Identification of putative targets of mir--3p Putative targets of mir--3p were identified by in silico analysis of mirna Recognition Elements using the mirmap interface (Vejnar et al, 3). mitg score: weighted sum of the scores of the mirna Recognition Elements identified on the same 3'UTR. Putative targets with a mitg score of.7 or above are listed. Appendix Figure S: (A) mir--3p/mir--5p ratio: number of mir--3p reads on the number of mir--5p reads obtained from RNA sequencing in mouse brain, heart, kidney,

3 testis and total skin. (B) Normalized mir--3p counts from RNA sequencing in acutely irradiated (Ac-UV; +) and non-irradiated (-) epidermis and dermis of Ppard +/+ and -/- mice. mir--3p: Epidermis no UV vs Ac-UV P =.43, N=4 animals per group. (C) RT-qPCR quantification of Collagen IV (Col4a, dermis), Involucrin (Ivl, supra-basal epidermis), and Keratin 5 (Krt5, basal epidermis) mrna in mouse isolated dermis and epidermis, N=3 animals per group Ivl: Dermis vs Epidermis P =.46; Krt 5: Dermis vs Epidermis P = E-4. (D) RT-qPCR quantification of relative Ppard mrna expression in epidermis and dermis of Ppard +/+ and -/- mice, acutely UV-irradiated (Ac-UV; +) or non-irradiated (-). Ppard: Epidermis no UV vs Ac-UV P =.7. N=4 animals per group. (E) RT-qPCR quantification of ANGPTL4 and TGFB mrna expression in HaCaT cells treated with the PPARβ/δ agonist GW556 or vehicle. ANGPTL4: Veh vs GW556 P = 8E-4; TGFB: Veh vs GW556 P =.7 N=3 biological replicates. (F) RT-qPCR quantification of relative SERPINE levels in HaCaT cells treated for 4h with or 5ng/ml of recombinant human TGFβ- or vehicle. SERPINE: TGFβ- Veh vs 5ng/ml P =.. N=3 biological replicates. (G) RT-qPCR quantification of relative ANGPTL4 and SERPINE expression in HaCat cells treated during 4h with the PPARβ/δ agonist GW74 and/or the TGFβ receptor inhibitor SB4354 or vehicle as indicated. ANGPTL4: Veh vs GW74 P = 6E-8, GW74 vs SB4354 P =.; SB4354 vs GW74/SB4354 P =.33; SERPINE: Veh vs GW74 P =.39, GW74 vs SB4354 P =., N=3 biological replicates. (H) RT-qPCR quantification of relative Serpine expression in Ppard +/+ epidermis of acutely UV-irradiated (Ac-UV; +) or in non-irradiated (-) mice treated with the TGFβ receptor inhibitor SB4354 or vehicle. Serpine: no UV vs Ac-UV P = E-4, Ac-UV vs Ac-UV/SB4354 P = 7E-4, N=4 animals per group. Appendix Figure S: (A) RT-qPCR quantification of relative mir--3p and mir--5p levels in HaCaT cells transfected with a mir--3p mimic or a scrambled sequence (control). mir--3p: control vs mir--3p mimic P = E-4, N=3 biological replicates. (B) RT-qPCR quantification of relative mir--3p levels in normal mouse skin, DMBA/TPA-induced

4 papilloma and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). mir--3p: Normal mouse skin vs Mouse skin papilloma P =.8, Normal mouse skin vs Mouse skin SCC P =.8, N=6 animals per group. (C) RT-qPCR quantification of relative mir--5p and mir--3p levels in normal mouse skin (control) or after gentle epidermal barrier disruption (Tape Stripping) (D) Fluorescent mir--3p or scrambled control in situ hybridization (pink) in healthy human skin. E: epidermis; D: dermis. Magnification bar: µm (E) RT-qPCR quantification of relative mrna expression of PPARD and TGFB in healthy human skin and in human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). PPARD: Healthy skin vs SCC P =.34; TGFB: Healthy skin vs SCC P =.. 5 independent biopsies per condition. (F) RT-qPCR quantification of relative mrna expression of PPARD and TGFB in healthy human skin and in human psoriasis lesions. PPARD: Healthy skin vs psoriasis lesions P =.3; TGFB: Healthy skin vs psoriasis lesions P =.. 4 independent biopsies per condition (G) RT-qPCR quantification of mir--3p (Left panel) and TGFB (Right panel) in abdominal healthy human skin biopsies exposed to acute UV ex vivo, with or without topical treatment with mir- -3p inhibitor (+) or mismatched control (-) as indicated. mir--3p: no UV vs Ac-UV P =.7, Ac-UV vs Ac-UV/miR--3p inhibitor P =.. 7 biological replicates, a pool of three independent experiment performed with the skin of three different donors is shown.

5 mir-93-3p(*) mir-34c-5p mir-337-3p mir-54-5p mir--3p(*) mir-379-5p mir-99a-5p(*) mir-3-3p Ppard +/+ versus -/- Fold change (p-value <. ) mir-39-3p >.5 mir-7-3p < -.5 mir-434-5p -3 mir-667-3p Appendix Table S PPARβ/δ regulates the expression of mirnas in murine skin chronically exposed to UV.

6 Appendix Table S mir--3p in silico predicted targets Ensembl ID Gene Id (name) mitg score Biological process ENST5387 ENSG884 (PCDHA6).974 cell adhesion_homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules ENST34 ENSG383 (LOX).959 blood circulation_cell adhesion_inflammatory response ENST5795 ENSG35447 (PPPRA).958 ENST6349 ENSG78 (LRP6).95 glycogen metabolic process_intracellular signal transduction_negative regulation of protein kinase activity canonical Wnt signaling pathway_cerebral cortex development_face morphogenesis ENST4364 ENSG4 (FAM7A).94 na ENST8 ENSG438 (GDAP).99 glutathione metabolic process ENST9467 ENSG869 (FAM35A).93 activation of MAPK activity ENST933 ENSG77 (HCFC).9 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter_viral process ENST579 ENSG3476 (DSG).95 apoptotic process_cell-cell junction assembly ENST9769 ENSG39 (FANCE).95 DNA damage_dna repair ENST3883 ENSG98 (YIPF4).87 maintenance of the Golgi structure ENST6339 ENSG885 (DDX8).86 RNA secondary structure unwinding ENST647 ENSG784 (UBEK).857 cellular response to interferon-beta_proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ENST6777 ENSG8764 (KIAA598).856 actin filament bundle retrograde transport_axon guidance_ ENST5659 ENSG34 (CHL).84 ENST469 ENSG63 (PLAGL).84 cellular protein metabolic process_endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response_ire-mediated unfolded protein response chylomicron assembly_lipid metabolic process_positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway ENST563 ENSG466 (ERI).89 DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic ENST39367 ENSG56 (LRP).84 multicellular organismal response to stress ENST899 ENSG98 (F9).8 blood coagulation_hemostasis ENST455 ENSG837 (NFYB).8 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ENST65 ENSG9 (SLCA).85 cation transmembrane transport ENST64 ENSG8545 (SEHL).8 cell division_cytokine production involved in inflammatory response ENST44745 ENSG4766 (SOX4).85 ENST5668 ENSG3487 (ARF3).84 ascending aorta morphogenesis_canonical Wnt signaling pathway_cellular response to glucose stimulus_dna damage response, detection of DNA damage phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process_phospholipid metabolic process_protein transport ENST58 ENSG543 (CDADC).8 na ENST66 ENSG5774 (TMCC3).797 na ENST3866 ENSG9638 (NEK9).786 cell division ENST5546 ENSG3355 (MYBPH).777 cell adhesion ENST55 ENSG37 (XPO7).77 mrna transport ENST3538 ENSG674 (RGS).766 brown fat cell differentiation_cell cycle_negative regulation of camp-mediated signaling ENST745 ENSG4 (DTX4).766 Notch signaling pathway_protein ubiquitination ENST5448 ENSG954 (FOXA).763 anatomical structure morphogenesis_cell differentiation ENST5 ENSG3449 (SALL).76 adrenal gland development_branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis_embryonic digestive tract development ENST646 ENSG58 (CNIH).75 immune response

7 ENST646 ENSG3 (GINS).748 DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication ENST4964 ENSG59873 (CCDC7).748 na ENST658 ENSG665 (SMAD7).747 BMP signaling pathway_intracellular signal transduction_negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway ENST56649 ENSG3453 (TRIM45).747 bone development ENST653 ENSG8996 (C4orf8).735 na ENST33969 ENSG566 (SLC9A).734 ion transport_protein localization ENST48 ENSG64 (INHBA).73 activin receptor signaling pathway_cell cycle arrest_hair follicle development ENST49377 ENSG866 (LRRC7).73 bone marrow development ENST37853 ENSG8985 (ELL).73 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ENST6367 ENSG5339 (CREBBP).73 cell proliferation_cellular lipid metabolic process_innate immune response ENST6 ENSG59758 (CDK7).79 protein phosphorylation ENST583 ENSG3 (MAPK).74 na ENST636 ENSG339 (EEFK).73 insulin receptor signaling pathway_regulation of protein autophosphorylation ENST455 ENSG3886 (FAM49B).7 na ENST5538 ENSG339 (CHRM3).79 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway_cell proliferation_energy reserve metabolic process ENST58646 ENSG3644 (RCBTB).76 cell cycle_chromatin modification_regulation of transcription ENST557 ENSG645 (RALA).74 actin cytoskeleton reorganization_chemotaxis ENST65 ENSG4 (PHF5A).74 mrna processing ENST5898 ENSG357 (DYNCLI).79 ENST57696 ENSG3545 (HILPDA).79 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II_centrosome localization_microtubule-based movement autocrine signaling_positive regulation of cell proliferation_positive regulation of cytokine production_positive regulation of lipid storage ENST6537 ENSG75 (MIB).77 blood vessel development_endocytosis_notch signaling pathway ENST38647 ENSG9669 (IRFBPL).74 ENST66544 ENSG4897 (CDC7).73 development of secondary female sexual characteristics_negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process_cell proliferation ENST4845 ENSG7837 (AAMP).7 angiogenesis ENST395 ENSG75 (ELAVL).7 regulation of transcription_dna-templated ENST6368 ENSG7754 (POLD3).7 DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage

8 A B C mir--3p /mir--5p reads D relative Ppard level Brain Epidermis ** Heart Kidney Testis Skin mir--3p reads Dermis Ac-UV: Epidermis Ac-UV: E Dermis relative ANGPTL4 level 5 5 vehicle relative mrna levels GW556 8 * ** 6 6 * Ppard +/+ Ppard -/- Ppard +/+ Ppard -/- 4 relative TGFB level Dermis Epidermis 4 3 Col4a Ivl Krt 5 ** * vehicle GW556 F relative SERPINE level ** TGFβ- ng/ml TGFβ- 5ng/ml G relative ANGPTL4 level 3 ** ** * ** ** ** 4 * 3 Vehicle: GW74: SB4354: relative SERPINE level H relative Serpine level 4 Ac-UV: Vehicle: SB4354: Appendix Figure S

A relative mir--3p level 3 relative mir--5p level 3 ** ** control mir--3p mimic B relative mir--3p level 8 6 4 * Normal mouse skin Mouse skin papilloma Mouse

9 A relative mir--3p level 3 relative mir--5p level 3 ** ** control mir--3p mimic B relative mir--3p level * Normal mouse skin Mouse skin papilloma Mouse skin SCC C relative mir--5p level ns relative mir--3p level ns relative Ivl level control Tape Stripping D E D mir--3p E D Scrambled E relative PPARD level 4 7 * relative TGFB level Healthy skin SCC F relative PPARD level relative TGFB level 4 * * * 3 Healthy skin Psoriasis lesions G relative mir--3p level 5 5 * * Ac-UV mir--3p inhibitor Relative TGFB level Ac-UV mir--3p inhibitor Appendix Figure S

Supplementary Figure 1 IMQ-Induced Mouse Model of Psoriasis. IMQ cream was

Supplementary Figure 1 IMQ-Induced Mouse Model of Psoriasis. IMQ cream was painted on the shaved back skin of CBL/J and BALB/c mice for consecutive days. (a, b) Phenotypic presentation of mouse back skin