BIO 130 Anatomy and Physiology Spring, 2016 Exam 3 Name: Course ID Number. Section 1 Answer questions 1 40 on the scan sheet.

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1 BIO 130 Anatomy and Physiology Spring, 2016 Exam 3 Name: Course ID Number Section 1 Answer questions 1 40 on the scan sheet. 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? a. It acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the body. b. It can absorb materials from the external environment into the body. c. It synthesizes the proteins that make up the extracellular matrix. d. It can secrete materials from the body to the external environment. e. It is the tissue that covers the entire body surface. 2. Epithelial cells which appear flat when looking at them using a microscope are: a. cuboidal. b. squamous. c. transverse. d. columnar. e. ciliated. 3. Epithelial tissue that is made of more than one layer of epithelial cells is classified as: a. simple epithelia. b. pseudostratified epithelia. c. squamous epithelia d. stratified epithelia. e. myoepithelia. 4. The structure between adjacent epithelial cells which binds them together to form a sheet is called a: a. fiber. b. tight junction. c. basement membrane. d. extracellular matrix. e. ground substance. 5. Squamous, cuboidal and columnar are: a. classes of bone. b. cell shapes. c. classes of connective tissue. d. a and b 6. The structure that connects/anchors the epithelial tissue to the body is the: a. apical membrane. b. basement membrane. c. interstitial fluid. d. tight junction. e. extracellular apparatus.

2 7. Which of the following is NOT a cell type that is responsible for making a type of connective tissue? a. chondoblast b. hemocytoblast c. osteoblast d. myoblast e. fibroblast 8. Adipose falls into which type of connective tissue? a. dense regular connective tissue b. dense irregular connective tissue c. cartilage d. loose connective tissue e. fibrous connective tissue 9. In cartilage, the hollow pit that a chondrocyte is found is called a: a. intracellular matrix. b. lacuna. c. Haversian canal. d. gap junction. 10. The integumentary system consists of: a. the epidermis b. the dermis c. sweat glands d. hair 11. An increase in the amount of the pigment melanin by melanocytes would result in: a. an increase in the sensitivity of the skin to detecting pain. b. a decrease in body temperature. c. an increase in the protection from ultraviolet radiation (sunlight). d. an increase in the secretion of sweat glands. 12. The layer of the skin that is in direct contact with the air surrounding the body is called the: a. stratum granulosum. b. stratum basale. c. stratum keratinulosum. d. stratum corneum e. stratum spinosum. 13. The substance which provides for the waterproofing characteristics of the skin is called: a. keratin. b. melanin. c. collagen. d. elastin.

3 14. The is the layer of the epidermis where mitosis occurs to replenish cells lost during exfoliation. a. stratum basale b. stratum spinosum c. stratum granulosum d. stratum lucidum e. stratum corneum 15. The pili arrector muscles found within the dermis: a. contract when the body temperature increases to cause sweat secretion. b. relax when the body temperature decreases to conserve energy (ATP). c. contract when there is a pressure stimulation on the surface of the skin. d. contract to raise the hairs exposed to the surface of the skin. e. relax to increase blood flow to the skin. 16. Which is a function of the bones within the skeletal system? a. protection b. hemopoiesis (blood cell formation) c. mineral storage d. support of the body 17. The growth (elongation/lengthening) of a long bone occurs at the: a. diaphysis. b. epiphyseal plate. c. Haversian canal. d. lacuna. 18. Osteocytes are interconnected to one another through the lamella by: a. Volkman canals. b. canaliculi. c. Haversian or central canals. d. neurons. e. blood vessels. 19. Which cells resorb bone (destruction of bone material)? a. osteoblasts b. osteons c. osteoporosis d. osteoclasts e. fibroblasts 20. In muscular contraction, the function of Ca 2+ is to: a. synthesize tropomyosin and troponin to be used by the sliding filaments. b. catalyze the conversion of tropomyosin to myosin. c. prevent the shortening of the muscle. d. allow for the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and P. e. move troponin C and tropomyosin to allow for cross-bridge cycling.

4 21. During strenuous exercise, a substance that contributes to muscle fatigue is: a. myoglobin b. glucose c. lactic acid d. ATP e. oxygen 22. Partial relaxation between successive twitches is observed during: a. paralysis b. fused tetany c. unfused tetany d. recruitment e. fatigue 23. A single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls to contract is called a: a. synapse. b. motor unit. c. action potential. d. nerve. e. myofibril. 24. A muscle contraction in which the tension of a muscle increases, but its length does not change is called: a. isotonic. b. summation. c. recruitment. d. isometric. 25. Which of the following does NOT apply to fatigue-resistant muscle? a. hydrolyzes ATP slowly b. has slow cross-bridge cycling c. contains myoglobin d. contains many mitochondria e. is used for explosive/powerful movements such as jumping 26. Myofibrils are made up of thick and thin filaments consisting of the proteins: a. ATP and ADP b. keratin and myoglobin c. troponin and tropomyosin d. myosin and actin 27. Which of the following are associated with skeletal muscle? a. t-tubules b. A-bands c. sarcomeres d. all of the above e. none of the above

5 28. Which of the following does NOT happen after acetylcholine is exposed to a skeletal muscle fiber? a. an action potential is created in the muscle fiber b. calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. the tension measured in the muscle fiber remains constant (neither increases or decreases) d. the length of the A band remains the same e. thick and thin myofilaments slide over each other 29. The protein which inhibits the binding between the thick and thin filaments is: a. troponin C b. myoglobin c. tropomyosin d. actin e. inhibin 30. Nervous stimulation of a skeletal muscle causes the concentration of to increase within the cytoplasm. a. Na + b. Cl - c. K + d. Mg 2+ e. Ca The binding of ATP to the head of a molecule of myosin causes: a. the active transport of Ca 2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). c. myosin detachment from actin. d. an electrical impulse (action potential) to be generated within the muscle fiber cell membrane. e. tropomyosin to move away from (uncover) the myosin binding site on the actin molecules. 32. The relaxation of a skeletal muscle is caused by: a. the pumping of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. the presence of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction c. an electrical impulse (action potential) within the skeletal muscle cell d. the hydrolysis of ATP by the thick filaments 33. An isotonic contraction is described as a contraction that produces a DECREASE in muscle: a. length. b. energy. c. force. d. tension. e. diameter. 34. What chemical released by an axon terminal stimulates a skeletal muscle cell to contract? a. actin b. tropomyosin c. acetylcholine d. troponin e. myosin

6 35. Select the answer which lists the structures from smallest to largest: a. myofibril, muscle fiber, myofilament b. muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament c. myofilament, muscle fiber, myofibril d. myofibril, myofilament, muscle fiber e. myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber 36. The thin filaments consist of the proteins: a. troponin C, tropomyosin and actin b. myoglobin, myosin and actin c. actin, tropomyosin and myoglobin d. troponin, tropomyosin and myoglobin e. myosin and actin 37. Which of the following is found within a single sarcomere of a skeletal muscle fiber? a. only thin myofilaments b. only thick myofilaments c. both thin and thick myofilaments d. only actin e. only myosin 38. The sliding filament hypothesis states that during contraction the: a. thick filaments fold in half b. sarcomere becomes shorter (decreased length) c. thin filaments of a sarcomere spread farther apart d. myofibril becomes twice as long compared to its length when relaxed e. myoglobin slides over the sarcoplasmic reticulum 39. Which of the following occurs when Ca 2+ binds to the thin filament? a. binding sites for myosin heads are exposed on globular actin. b. the thick and thin filaments return to their relaxed state. c. actin forms a bond with troponin. d. acetylcholine is exocytosed by the skeletal muscle fiber. e. the tension developed by the muscle fiber decreases. 40. In resting muscle, calcium is stored in the: a. mitochondria. b. sarcoplasmic reticulum. c. t-tubules. d. thin filaments. e. neuromuscular junction.

7 Section 2 Answer questions on the scan sheet using A = True and B = False. 41. The basal surface of epithelial tissue faces toward the inside of the body. 42. The function of simple epithelium is to protect the body from puncture and abrasion. 43. Transitional epithelial tissue can change from stratified to simple. 44. The extracellular matrix is made of fibers and ground substance. 45. Cerumen is the oily substance that is secreted onto the surface of the skin to keep it soft. 46. The stratum basale represents the layer of the skin which replenishes exfoliated keratinocytes from the body. 47. The protein keratin provides pigmentation (color) to skin and hair. 48. Bone is a type of connective tissue. 49. The collagen in bone matrix provides some flexibility to bone. 50. Hydroxyapatites in bone matrix accounts for the hardness of bone. 51. Blood cell production occurs in the endosteum of bones. 52. The contractile protein actin is the predominant protein in thick filaments. 53. Fast glycolytic muscle fibers contract with the greatest amount of force. 54. During an isotonic contraction, the length of the muscle decreases. 55. The greater the number of motor units recruited in a muscle, the stronger its force of contraction.