FMD regional update Gulf States 2017

Transcription

1 FMD regional update Gulf States 2017 Nick Lyons on behalf of Donald King WRLFMD Team: Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Anna Ludi, Ginette Wilsden, Bryony Armson, Pip Hamblin, Kasia Bachanek-Bankowska, Lissie Henry, Antonello Di Nardo, Beatriz Sanz-Bernardo, Hannah Baker, Emma Howson, Jemma Wadsworth, Clare Browning, Britta Wood, Bob Statham, Abid Bin-Tarif, Ashley Gray, Beth Johns, Mark Henstock, Alison Morris, David Paton, Nick Lyons, Mehreen Azhar, Dexter Wiseman, Julie Maryan, Sarah Belgrave FMD Reference Laboratory

2 FMD surveillance within Gulf States WRLFMD sample/sequence submissions ( ) All submissions shown (positive and negative samples) Detailed reports for all samples can be found at:

3 OIE/FAO FMD Laboratory Network Global surveillance and changing patterns in risk pathways Priority - gaps in East and West Africa Harmonised and improved lab capacity Meeting reports available: Reporting Period 1 st January st December 2016 Core Network Members and affiliates: 1.3 Collated input from Figure 1-1: Participating laboratories >3000 samples submitted to the Network Paris November 2016

4 What FMDV lineages are circulating? Viral lineage: West EurAsia Gulf States O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 A/ASIA/Iran-05 Asia Bahrain From Indian subcontinent A/ASIA/G-VII O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d From Africa O/EA-3 SAT 2 topotype VII 2015 SAT 2 topotype IV 2012 Oman Bahrain Spectrum of vaccines required to cover these different threats

5 O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 Sub-lineage nomenclature used to define different viral genotypes Some of these lineages appear to co-circulate together Sequence data provides 87 evidence for east-west movements of these viruses Are these movement patterns predictable? 94 O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI) O/TUR/264/2009* (FMDI) O/IRN/8/2005 (KY091281) * Additional PAK/IRN sequences were from an un-named genotype O/IRN/88/2009 (KY091282) O/IRN/31/2009 (KY091284) O/PAK/16/2010 (KY091285) O/IRN/18/2010 (KY091283) O/IRN/6/2015 O/NEP/1/2015 PanAsia Srl-99 Ind-2001 O/IND/53/79 (AF292107) O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823) SEA EA-2 EA-3 EA-4 WA EA-1 CATHAY ISA-1 TER-08 SAN-09 ANT-10 FAR-09 PUN-10 BAL-09 QOM-15 KAT-15 PanAsia-2

6 A/ASIA/Iran-05 4 predominant sub-lineages: A/ASIA/Iran-05 SIS-10 Poor neutralization Some isolates have 4 aa deletion in VP1 Indicative of antigenic shift? A/IRN/1/2011 (KY091292) A/IRN/15/2012 (KY091297) A/IRN/78/2009 (KY091291) A/AFG/10/2010 (KY091293) A/IRN/27/2013 A/IRN/125/2010 (KY091296) A/AFG/6/2007 (FJ755007) A/BAR/6/2008 (FJ755010) A/IRN/9/2010 (KY091290) A/IRN/1/2005 (EF208769) A/TUR/33/2008 (FJ755155) A/TUR/1/2008 (FJ755133) A/TUR/3/2010 (KY091294) A/IRN/9/2011 (KY091295) A/IRN/2/87 (EF208770) A/IRN/22/99 (EF208772) A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777) A/TAI/7/2003 (HQ116312) A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778) FAR-11 SIS-12 FAR-09 HER-10 SIS-13 SIS-10 AFG-07 BAR-08 ESF-10 EZM-07 ARD-07 KSS-09 QAZ-11 Iran-87 Iran-99 Thai-87 Sea-97 Iran-05 ASIA Location of amino acid substitutions for A/TUR/16/2014

7 Vaccine matching Lineage Country Year Manisa O-3039 TUR/5/09 O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 (ANT10) AFG /4 4/4 4/4 O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 (ANT10) O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 (ANT 10) O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 (BAL 09) SAU /1 1/1 1/1 PAK /1 1/1 1/1 PAK /1 1/1 1/1 Lineage Country Year Iran-05 TuR/20/06 A22 A/ASIA/Iran-05 (FAR11) AFG /1 0/1 0/1 A/ASIA/Iran-05 (SIS10) A/ASIA/Iran-05 (FAR11) A/ASIA/Iran-05 (FAR09) IRN /1 0/1 1/1 PAK /1 1/1 0/1 PAK /1 0/1 0/1

8 Serotype A outbreaks in West EurAsia (A/ASIA/G-VII) Initial reports September 2015 Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Israel (2017) Originating from the Indian sub-continent Evidence for at least two separate events New vaccine strains have been necessary to address gap in vaccine coverage 2016: New antigenic variant reported in Turkey X X XX X X X X X

9 Vaccines A/SAU/1/2015 A/SAU/2/2015 A/IRN/8/2015 A/IRN/12/2015 A/IRN/25/2015 Poor vaccine protection for A/ASIA/G-VII Summary of in vitro data and two in vivo studies PPG study design Multivalent vaccine containing A-Sau-95 and A-Irn-05 A-Sau-95 titres (measured by VNT) correlated with protection 7/16 vaccinates developed foot lesions (only 56% protection*) Pilot trial to evaluate two additional monovalent FMDV vaccines (from Merial/BI) A22 and A/May/97 A22 (28% protection) A/May/97 (72% protection*) A-Iran A-Tur A nd 0 A-Iran nd nd nd A-Iran nd nd nd A-Iran nd nd nd A-Sau-95* nd A-May nd A-Tur nd nd A-Tur-14 0 nd 0 0 nd A-IND * 0.26 nd nd *OIE guidelines 75% is required

10 Long-distance trans-pool movements from Pool 2 A/ASIA/G-VII Emerged in 2015 Rapid spread in parts of West EurAsia Current gap in the coverage of vaccines in European reserves O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d Emerged in 2013 Expanding range of this lineage (East Asia and Middle East) Pool 5 Pool 3 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 FMD-free (without vaccination) Sporadic Pool 2 Pool 1 Endemic Pool 4

11 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d: Sequence data indicates that there have been multiple escapes from the Indian sub-continent Full genome sequence analysis: Pool 2 North Africa Tunisia Algeria 2014 Libya 2013 Morocco Saudi Arabia (2013) Jordan (2017) Bahrain (2015x2) Iran (2009) UAE(2014 and 2015) Laos (2015) Vietnam (2015) Thailand (2016) Myanmar (2016) China (2017) Russia (2016) South Korea (2017) Sri Lanka Mauritius (2016)

12 Vaccines for O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 in vitro vaccine matching: 42 field isolates from Africa, Middle East and southeast Asia: O 3039 O 1 Manisa O/TUR/5/2009 Mostly matched 86% Some Matches 33% Almost all matched 95% Potency testing in cattle: PD50 study [CVL/WRLFMD/IZSLER] O-Manisa heterologous protection ~ 3PD 50 Many vaccine suppliers use multivalent vaccines

13 O/EA-3 moving in to the Middle East Cases in Israel and Palestine FMD cases in cattle in during February 2017 Outbreaks in cattle in/close to the Gaza Strip Sequence links to recent cases in Egypt Recent reports of other FMDV serotypes in Israel

14 Recent FMD cases in Algeria and Tunisia March 2017 Outbreaks in cattle Due to a new FMD virus strain for the region (A/AFRICA/G-IV) First cases of Serotype A in the Maghreb > 30 years Algeria 1977 Tunisia 1984 Indicative of spread from West Africa in-vitro vaccine matching data for representative viruses provides candidates vaccines that now need testing Yet another new threat for Europe? ALG/IZSLER/99572/2/2017* ALG/IZSLER/99572/3/2017* 97 ALG/IZSLER/99572/1/2017* ALG/IZSLER/99572/5/2017* ALG/IZSLER/99572/4/2017* NIG/10/15* NIG/04/15* NIG/05/15* 86NIG/07/15* NIG/06/15* 88 NIG/01/15* 10 C 0 AR/10/2013 NIG/02/15* 10C0AR/4/2013 CAR/36/ CAR/11/2013 NIG/9/ NIG/2/2011 NIG/8/2012 NIG/10/2012 NIG/36/2009 NIG/38/2009 NIG/39/ NIG/6/2013 NIG/7/ NIG/8/2013 NIG/3/ NIG/2/13a* 96 NIG/12/2012 NIG/1/13a* NIG/3/2009 NIG/16/2009* NIG/4/2009* NIG/3/2009a* VACCINE STRAINS 87NIG/2/2009* NIG/1/2009* A/ERI/3/98 A/TUR/20/06 NIG/10/2009* A22/IRQ/64 NIG/12/2009* NIG/14/2009* NIG/6/2009* NIG/7/2009* NIG/17/2009* NIG/20/2009* NIG/21/2009* NIG/8/2009* NIG/19/2009* NIG/18/2009* A/IRN/05 ALG/2/ ALG/3/ G-IV A

15 Summary and questions.. Epidemiology of FMD is very dynamic New patterns in Asia and North Africa Impact on selection of vaccines (antigenic variants) Collection and testing of field samples is vital Surveillance gaps remain in the region which may bias our understanding of FMD epidemiology Some key questions: How much FMD is circulating in the region? TRUE unbiased prevalence of the different viral lineages What is the relative contribution of animals/products/people? What are the regional patterns of FMDV movements? Are efforts to control FMD having a positive impact upon burden of disease?

16 Thanks Support for the WRLFMD and research projects Collaborating FMD Reference Laboratories and field teams Partners within the OIE/FAO FMD Lab Network