Update on current global situation for FMD: New outbreaks and threats

Transcription

1 Update on current global situation for FMD: New outbreaks a threats Donald King (donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk) WRLFMD Team: Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Anna Ludi, Ginette Wilsden, Bryony Armson, Pip Hamblin, Kasia Bachanek-Bankowska, Kelly Adams, Jemma Wadsworth, Begoña Valdazo-González, Britta Wood, Barsha Thapa, Bob Statham, Abid Bin-Tarif, Ashley Gray, Emma Fishbourne, Beth Johns, Debbie Gibson, Trish Ryder, Sarah Belgrave. 1

2 Recent FMD outbreaks (Jan 2013-Sept 2014): SAT 2 a O North Africa a West Eurasia No reported clinical outbreaks during 2013/14 Last report 2012 in Paraguay East-West Transbouary movements Multiple lineages East Asia Outbreaks reported to the OIE (change of epidemiological status):

3 Recent submissions to WRLFMD Pirbright October 2012 October countries have submitted samples during 2014 Israel Clinical samples Viral sequences Trinidad PAT Nepal Bhutan South Korea Chinese Taipei Hong Kong SAR Sri Lanka Samples being processed: Vietnam Rwaa Mozambique Zimbabwe Botswana Reports for these samples can be fou at

4 Serotypes recovered During 2014: 544 samples generating 335 Isolates Additional 37 samples positive by rrt-pcr O A Asia 1 SAT 1 SAT 2 No serotype C since 2004 Serotype-specific rrt-pcr assays have been used recently for VI negative samples from Tanzania

5 North Africa: Changing patterns: serotype SAT 2 in Egypt during 2012 Cameroon 2005 First FMD cases in Egypt due to serotype SAT 2 since 1950 Sequence data supported at least two introductions of SAT 2 FMDV into Egypt Within SAT 2 topotype VII Distinct from other contemporary SAT 2 lineages in the Middle East a North Africa SAT2/LIB/40/2012 SAT2/LIB/41/2012 SAT2/LIB/39/2012 SAT2/SUD/1/2007 (GU566071) SAT2/NIG/2/ SAT2/NIG/5/2008 SAT2/NIG/6/ SAT2/NIG/7/2008 SAT2/NIG/4/2008 SAT2/NIG/1/ SAT2/NIG/2/2008 SAT2/NIG/3/2008 SAT2/NIG/8/2008 SAT2/LIB/1/2003 SAT2/LIB/7/2003 SAT2/NGR/15/2005 SAT2/SEN/27/2009 SAT2/EGY/2/2012 SAT2/SAU/6/2000 (AF367135) SAT2/CAR/P12/2000 (VDI 44/1)(HM211082) SAT2/ERI/12/98 (AF367126) SAT2/ERI/1/98 (AY343933) SAT2/ERI/4/98 (AY343934) SAT2/EGY/9/2012 SAT2/EGY/11/2012 SAT2/EGY/13/2012 SAT2/EGY/6/2012 SAT2/EGY/10/2012 SAT2/EGY/14/2012 SAT2/EGY/15/2012 SAT2/EGY/3/2012 SAT2/EGY/4/2012 SAT2/EGY/5/2012 topotype VII from Libya topotype IV from Bahrain SAT 2 (Alx-12) detected in Egypt during 2014 In partnership with the Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt

6 North Africa: Changing patterns: 2013/14: rapid spread of O/ME-SA/I-2001 Initial reports Libya in Sept/Oct 2013 Saudi Arabia in Aug/Nov 2013 UAE received during Jan 2014 O/ME-SA/I-2001d lineage most closely related to viruses from Iian sub-continent Iia dominant serotype O strain for 2012/3 Bhutan in 2013 Nepal in 2014 Sri Lanka in O/IND/5/2011* (KC506486) O/IND/6/2011* (KC O/IND/2/2011* (KC506484) O/IND/38/2011* (KC O/BHU/1/ O/SAU/1/2013 O/SAU/4/2013 O/SAU/3/2013 O/SAU/6/2013 O/SAU/7/2013 O/SAU/8/2013 O/LIB/16/2013 O/LIB/1/2013 O/LIB/4/2013 O/LIB/5/2013 O/LIB/7/2013 O/LIB/11/2013 O/LIB/12/2013 O/LIB/22/2013 O/LIB/13/2013 O/LIB/17/2013 O/LIB/2/2013 O/LIB/3/2013 O/LIB/6/2013 O/UAE/4/2008 O/KUW/3/97 Dr Ibrahim (DQ164904) Eldaghayes O/OMN/7/2001 (DQ164941) PanAsia PanAsia-2 O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823

7 Continued spread of O/ME-SA/I-2001 Tunisia a Algeria Tunisia: reported 29/04/14 (134 outbreaks) Algeria: reported 27/07/14 (418 outbreaks) Closely related to earlier viruses from Libya Increased threats to Morocco a Europe? Source: OIE (12/10/2014) See presentations by: Bankowska, Heni, Ferrari, Dayhum, Eldaghayes Tomorrow hrs

8 Vaccine matching for O/ME-SA/I field isolates tested by VNT Vaccine strain Field Isolate O-3039 O Manisa O BFS O/TAW/98 O/TUR/5/09 LIB 1/2013 LIB 7/2013 LIB 17/2013 LIB 22/2013 NEP 13/2012 borderline NEP 6/2012 borderline NEP 21/2012 NEP 6/2013 borderline NEP 18/2013 NEP 1/2014 NEP 6/2014 SAU 1/2013 SAU 4/2013 SAU 6/2013 SAU 7/2013 SAU 1/2014 borderline SRL 1/2013 SRL 1/2014 borderline UAE 1/2014 borderline borderline UAE 2/2014 borderline ALG 1/2014 borderline borderline TUN 1/2014 borderline borderline Matched Not matched

9 East Asia: continued outbreaks due to exotic FMDVs FMD outbreaks since 2008 Since Spread of three FMD virus lineages from Southeast Asia: O/ME-SA/PanAsia China, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan O/SEA/Mya-98 China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Taiwan A/ASIA/Sea-97 South Korea, China, Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan (China, Japan, RoK OIE: WAHID

10 East Asia: O/SEA/Mya-98 Recent detection in South Korea New FMDV outbreaks in South Korea Reported to OIE on 24/07/2014 Cases in pigs FMD virus closely related to recent outbreaks in the Eastern part of the Russian Federation Appears to be a separate introduction into South Korea from cases in O/SKR/1/2011 O/SKR/3/2011 O/Paju/SKR/2010 (NVRQS) O/SKR/13/2010 O/SKR/7/2010 O/SKR/10/2010 O/SKR/12/2010 (KC438373) O/Yeoncheon/SKR/2010 (NVRQS) O/Yangju/SKR/2010 (NVRQS) O/SKR/8/2011 O/CHA/31/2010* (JF792356) O/JPN/MZ1/2010 (AB618503) O/HKN/14/2010 O/HKN/7/2010 (JQ070303) O/HKN/8/2010 O/HKN/13/2010 O/HKN/15/2010 O/HKN/9/2010 (JQ070304) O/HKN/10/2010 O/HKN/11/2010 O/HKN/12/2010 O/33-P/CHA/2010 (JQ973889) O/SKR/4/2010 (JQ070320) O/KOR/1/2010* (HM143846) O/GZ/CHA/2010 (JN998086) O/VN/LC169/2009 (HM055510) O/MY/CHA/2010 (HQ652079) O/NC/CHA/2010 (HQ652080) O/GSLX/CHA/2010 (JQ900581) O/VN/YB10/2010 (HQ260720) O/VIT/NCVD-8/2010 (NVRQS) O/VN/YB08/2010 (HQ260718) O/VIT/NCVD-9/2010 (NVRQS) O/VN/YB09/2010 (HQ260719) O/TAI/22/2009 (HQ116269) O/VIT/NCVD-19/2010 (NVRQS) O/VIT/NCVD-20/2010 (NVRQS) O/GZ-MT/CHA/2013 (KJ646655) O/Primorskiy/RUS/2014 (ARRIAH) 99 O/MYA/7/98 (DQ164925) O/TAI/189/87* (TRRL) O/SKR/6/2014 O/SKR/01/2014* (APQA) Mya-98 SEA

11 East Asia: O/ME-SA/PanAsia O/VIT/20/2010 O/VIT/21/2010 O/VIT/23/2010 O/VIT/9/ O/VIT/19/2010 Recent detection in the Russia Federation a Mongolia O/CAM/4/2010 Recent samples from Mongolia Sequences from ARRIAH Outbreaks during 2014 in Eastern Russia (Zabaikalsky) O/ME-SA/PanAsia not O/SEA/Mya-98 Appear to be separate from sequences sent from China in O/VIT/22/2010 O/VIT/10/2010 O/VIT/11/2010 O/VIT/1/2011 O/CAM/2/2010 O/VIT/13/2010 O/CAM/1/2010 O/CAM/3/2010 O/CAM/6/2010 O/VIT/4/2010 O/VIT/14/2013 O/VIT/16/2013 O/VIT/39/2013 O/VIT/36/2013 O/VIT/11/2013 O/VIT/12/2013 O/VIT/32/2013 O/VIT/33/2013 O/VIT/13/2013 O/VIT/15/2013 O/VIT/38/2013 O/VIT/46/2013 O/VIT/47/2013 O/VIT/51/2013 O/VIT/40/2013 O/MOG/4/2014 O/Zabaikalsky/RUS/2014* (ARRIAH) O/MOG/5/2014 O/MOG/2/2014 O/MOG/1/2014 O/MOG/3/2014 O/UKG/35/2001 (AJ539141) PanAsia-2 Irn-2001 I-2001 Pak-98 O/IND/53/79 (AF292107) O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AY593823) SEA EA-2 EA-3 EA-4 WA EA-1 CATHAY ISA-1 PanAsia ME-SA M

12 East Asia: A/ASIA/Sea-97 Recent detection in the Russia Federation Sequences provided from ARRIAH Outbreaks during 2014 in Eastern Russia (Zabaikalsky) Distinct from outbreaks in Black Sea region A/ASIA/Iran-05 Sept 2014: new outbreaks due to Sea-97 in Tibet, PR China A/MOG/2/2013 A/MOG/4/2013 A/MOG/1/2013 A/MOG/2013 (ARRIAH) A/MOG/5/2013 A/MOG/3/2013 A/KAZ/2/2013* (ARRIAH) A/Zabaikalsky/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH) A/GDMM-CHA-2013-S (LVRI) A/KAZ/1/2013* (ARRIAH) A/Amur/RUS/2013* (ARRIAH) A/Amur/3/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH) A/Zabaikalsky/5/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH) A/Zabaikalsky/2/RUS/2014* (ARRIAH) A/Amur/2/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH) A/Amur/4/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH) A/Zabaikalsky/6/RUS/2013 (ARRIAH) A/Zabaikalsky/1/RUS/2014* (ARRIAH) A/MOG/11/2013 A/MOG/12/2013 A/MOG/13/2013 A/QHXN-CHA-2013-B (LVRI) A/VIT/25/2012 A/VIT/26/2012 A/TAI/15/2012 A/TAI/3/2011 A/TAI/16/2011 A/TAI/1/2011 A/TAI/3/2012 Se

13 West Eurasia Antigenic patterns (A/ASIA/Irn-05) In the past 3 years, at least 9 sub-lineages are co-circulating in the region Egypt 2013 Afghanistan 2013 Sublineage BAR-08 FAR-11 Vaccine Strain A/Iran 2005 A22Irq 24/64 A/TUR/ 2006 Vaccine matching are quite variable a require close monitoring Approaches are being developed for routine capsid sequencing Iran 2014 FAR-11 Iran 2013/14 SIS-10 Pakistan 2012 HER-10 Pakistan 2012 SIS-12 Pakistan 2013/14 FAR-11 Pakistan 2014 FAR-09 Palestinian AT 2013 BAR-08 Turkey 2013/14* SIS-10 No Nt Mixed data for different isolates *Includes viruses with a 4 amino acid deletion in VP1

14 (Increasing) threats to Europe (?) Mainly from: 1. The Middle East 2. East Asia 3. North Africa Outbreaks in UK in 2001 Increased FMD circulation in East Asia New FMD lineages in North Africa Outbreaks in FMD-free countries Outbreaks in Bulgaria O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 A/ASIA/Irn-05 Asia-1

15 Vaccine bank recommeations High Priority Medium Priority Vaccine strain (for each category are not listed in order of Importance) O Manisa O PanAsia-2 (or equivalent) O BFS or Campos A24 Cruzeiro Asia 1 Shamir A Iran-05 (or A TUR 06) A22 Iraq SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent i.e. SAT 2 Eritrea) A Eritrea SAT 2 Zimbabwe SAT 1 South Africa A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86) A Argentina 2001 O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent) Low priority A Iran 96 A Iran 99 A Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent) A15 Bangkok related strain A87 Argentina related strain C Noville SAT 2 Kenya SAT 1 Kenya SAT 3 Zimbabwe A Kenya

16 Considerations for FMD-free countries Suggestions Threats to FMD-free countries (based on historical evidence of trans-bouary movements of viruses) a frequency of FMD outbreaks in eemic pools West EurAsia (pool 3) O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 A/ASIA/Iran-05 Asia-1 East Asia (via southeast Asia: Pool 1) O/SEA/Mya-98 O/ME-SA/PanAsia A/ASIA/Sea-97 North Africa (via sub-saharan Africa: Pool 4) O/ME-SA/I2001 SAT 2 O/EA-3 Remove/reduce reduancy in vaccine coverage

17 Revised vaccine bank recommeations? High Priority Medium Priority Vaccine strain (for each category are not listed in order of Importance) O Manisa O PanAsia-2 (or equivalent) O BFS or Campos A24 Cruzeiro Asia 1 Shamir A Iran-05 (or A TUR 06) A22 Iraq SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent i.e. SAT 2 Eritrea) A Eritrea SAT 2 Zimbabwe SAT 1 South Africa A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86) A Argentina 2001 O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent) Low priority A Iran 96 A Iran 99 A Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent) A15 Bangkok related strain A87 Argentina related strain C Noville SAT 2 Kenya SAT 1 Kenya SAT 3 Zimbabwe A Kenya

18 Enhanced global surveillance & improved tools Via the OIE/FAO FMD Lab Network 1. To uersta global virus distribution a patterns 2. To improve the quality of laboratory testing carried out by international a national reference laboratories Samples tested during 2013 Improved tools for vaccine matching New tools for sequence exchange a analysis

19 Acknowledgements Support for the WRLFMD a research projects David Paton Collaborating FMD Reference Laboratories a field teams Partners within the OIE/FAO FMD Lab Network