Regional FMD threats to North Africa
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1 Regional FMD threats to North Africa Donald King WRLFMD Team: Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Anna Ludi, Gine>e Wilsden, Bryony Armson, Pip Hamblin, Kasia Bachanek-Bankowska, Lissie Hendry, Jemma Wadsworth, Bri>a Wood, Barsha Thapa, Bob Statham, Abid Bin-Tarif, Ashley Gray, Veronica Fowler, Clare Browning, Beth Johns, Mark Henstock, Alison Morris, David Paton, Nick Lyons, Dexter Wiseman, Julie Maryan, Sarah Belgrave FMD and SVD Reference Laboratories The Pirbright Institute receives strategic funding from BBSRC.
2 Global Networks OIE/FAO FMD Laboratory Network OIE and FAO Reference Centres (+ affiliates) Working Groups (nomenclature and PVM) MeeVng report available Global surveillance and changing paberns in risk pathways Harmonised and improved lab capacity Brussels, Belgium November 2015
3 Viruses on the move: Changing epidemiological pa>erns and examples of data sharing between OIE and FAO FMD Reference Laboratories North Africa & Middle East Outbreaks reported to the OIE (change of epidemiological status): h>p://
4 Recent serotype O cases in North Africa O/ME-SA/Ind2001 lineage from the Indian sub-convnent Since 2013: FMD Outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco (November 2015) Transmission links from the Indian sub-convnent unknown? 88 O/ALG/1/2014 Increasing threats to Europe 2015 Knowles et al., (2015) TED OIE WAHID O/ /Algeria/2014 (IZSLER) O/TUN/1031/2014* O/TUN/1/2014 O/1636/Algeria/2014 (IZSLER) O/1631-FA002/Algeria/2014 (IZSLER) O/1631-FA001/Algeria/2014 (IZSLER) O/ALG/3/2014 O/ALG/2/2014 O/TUN/2/2014 O/TUN/1054/2014* 99 O/MOR/1/2015 O/MOR/2/2015 O/MOR/3/2015 O/LIB/12/2013 (KM921837) O/LIB/11/2013 (KM921836) O/LIB/7/2013 (KM921835) O/LIB/22/2013 (KM921841) O/LIB/3/2013 (KM921831) O/LIB/6/2013 (KM921834) O/LIB/2/2013 (KM921830) O/LIB/1/2013 (KM921829) O/LIB/4/2013 (KM921832) O/LIB/13/2013 (KM921838) O/LIB/5/2013 (KM921833) O/LIB/17/2013 (KM921840) O/LIB/16/2013 (KM921839)
5 O/ME-SA/Ind 2001 New full genome analysis Morocco (GenBank: KU291242) Complete genome analysis 47 complete genomes 37 new sequences Iran (2009) North Africa Tunisia Algeria 2014 Morocco UAE(2014) UAE(2015) Libya Saudi Arabia (2013) Bahrain (2015x2) 2013 Laos (2015) Sequence data indicates that there have been mulvple escapes from the Indian subconvnent Sri Lanka
6 Vaccine matching for O/ME-SA/Ind field isolates: Vaccine strain Using VNT r-value 0.3 cut-off Matched Not Matched Field Isolate O-3039 O Manisa O/TUR/5/09 LIB 1/2013 LIB 7/2013 LIB 17/2013 LIB 22/2013 NEP 13/2012 NEP 6/2012 NEP 21/2012 NEP 6/2013 NEP 18/2013 NEP 1/2014 NEP 6/2014 SAU 1/2013 SAU 4/2013 SAU 6/2013 SAU 7/2013 SAU 1/2014 SRL 1/2013 SRL 1/2014 UAE 1/2014 UAE 2/2014 ALG 1/2014 TUN 1/2014 BAR 8/2015 BAR 14/2015 MOR/1/2015 MOR/2/2015 borderline borderline borderline borderline borderline borderline borderline borderline
7 Vaccine Potency Trial O/ME-SA/Ind2001 Funded via EU (from EU-RL) contribuvon Experiments hosted by CVI-Lelystad Adopted protocol according to European Pharmacopeia O-Manisa vaccinavon (at least 6PD50) with O/ALG/2014 challenge EsVmated heterologous potency ~3 PD50
8 North Africa: other threats Relevant for a regional vaccine bank? O/Ind-2001d (2013) SAT 2/VII (2012) 1000 km 600 mi Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com
9 North Africa: serotype SAT 2 in Egypt during 2012 Cameroon First FMD cases in Egypt due to serotype SAT 2 since 1950 Sequence data supported at least two introducvons of SAT 2 FMDV into Egypt Within SAT 2 topotype VII DisVnct from other contemporary SAT 2 lineages in the Middle East and North Africa SAT2/LIB/40/ SAT2/LIB/41/2012 SAT2/LIB/39/2012 SAT2/SUD/1/2007 (GU566071) SAT2/NIG/2/ SAT2/NIG/5/2008 SAT2/NIG/6/ SAT2/NIG/7/ SAT2/NIG/4/2008 SAT2/NIG/1/ SAT2/NIG/2/2008 SAT2/NIG/3/2008 SAT2/NIG/8/ SAT2/LIB/1/2003 SAT2/LIB/7/2003 SAT2/NGR/15/2005 SAT2/SEN/27/2009 SAT2/EGY/2/2012 SAT2/SAU/6/2000 (AF367135) SAT2/CAR/P12/2000 (VDI 44/1)(HM211082) SAT2/ERI/12/98 (AF367126) 100 SAT2/ERI/1/98 (AY343933) 100 SAT2/ERI/4/98 (AY343934) SAT2/EGY/9/2012 SAT2/EGY/11/ SAT2/EGY/13/2012 SAT2/EGY/6/2012 SAT2/EGY/10/2012 SAT2/EGY/14/2012 SAT2/EGY/15/2012 SAT2/EGY/3/2012 SAT2/EGY/4/2012 SAT2/EGY/5/2012 topotype VII from Libya topotype IV from Bahrain SAT 2 (Alx-12) detected in Egypt during 2014 In partnership with the Animal Health Research InsVtute, Egypt
10 Recent outbreaks due to SAT 2 Mauritania and Oman New SAT 2 samples from field outbreaks VP1 sequencing: two different genevc groups within topotype VII Mauritania 2014 Oman 2015: Ca>le GeneVcally similar to FMD viruses from previous outbreaks in Egypt (Alx-12 sub-lineage) Mauritania 2014: Ca>le GeneVcally most similar to FMD viruses from Nigeria OMAN 2015
11 North Africa: other threats Relevant for a regional vaccine bank? A/G-VI O/WA O/WA SAT2/VII A/G-IV O/WA 1000 km 600 mi Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com O/WA (1999) O/WA SAT2/VII O/EA-3 SAT2/VII O/WA A/G-IV O/WA O/PanAsia-2 (2010) SAT 2/VII (2012) A/Iran-05 (2009) O/Ind-2001d (2013) SAT2/VII O/EA-3 A/G-VII A/G-IV O/EA-3 SAT2/XIII O/EA-4 O/EA-2 SAT2/IV SAT1/I A/G-I
12 Summary of recently circulawng FMDV lineages Viral lineage: O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 A/ASIA/Iran-05 Asia-1 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 SAT 2 topotype VII A/AFRICA/G-IV A/AFRICA/G-VII O/ME-SA/Sharqia-72 O/EA-3 North Africa
13 New serotype A outbreaks in West EurAsia IniVal reports September 2015 Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran, Armenia OriginaVng from the Indian sub-convnent A further example of new unexpected FMDV movement between endemic pools Impact upon vaccinavon? X X XX X X X X X A/SAU/2/ A/SAU/6/2015 A/SAU/1/2015 (KU127247) A/SAU/3/ A/SAU/4/2015 A/PD78/IND/2015* (PD-FMD) 99 A/SAU/5/2015 A/ARM/2/2015 (ARRIAH) A/IRN/12/2015 A/Van/TUR/203/2015* (FMDI) 99 A/IRN/8/2015 A/ARM/1/2015 (ARRIAH) A/ARM/3/2015 (ARRIAH) A/BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013 (KJ754939) 77 A/IND/256/2012(582)* (PD-FMD) A/IND/84/2011(202)* (PD-FMD) A/IND/113/2012(213)* (PD-FMD) 99 A/IND/413/2007* (HQ127707) A/IND/417/2007* (HQ127708) 74 A/IND/360/2007* (HQ127705) 90 A/IND/245/2007* (HQ832590) A/IND/360/07* (FJ617243) A/IND/245/2007* (HQ127704) A/IND/9/2009* (2008) (HQ127716) A/IND/17/2009* (2008) (HQ127719) 99 A/IND/11/2009* (2008) (HQ127717) A/IND/17/2009* (HQ832592) 99 A/IND/64/2004* (HQ127678) A/IND/64/2004* (HQ832581) 99 A/BHU/4/2003 A/BHU/40/ A/IND/281/2003* (HQ832579) 94 A/IND/249/2004* (HQ127680) 86 A/IND/249/2004* (HQ832582) A/IND/243/04* (FJ617245) 99 A/IND/818/03* (FJ617249) A/IND/818/2003* (HQ832580) A/IND/161/2003* (HQ832578) 98 A/BHU/27/2003 (FJ755013) A/BHU/42/2003 A/IND/820/03* (FJ617251) 72 A/IND/447/2005* (HQ832583) A/IND/447/2005* (HQ127685) A/BHU/6/2003 A/BHU/7/2003 (FJ755012) 71 A/BHU/41/2002 (EU414525) A/BHU/8/2003 A/BHU/35/2003 A/SAU/16/95 (EU553874) A/IND/40/2000* (1999AF390646) A/IND/154/2013(333)* (PD-FMD) Saudi-86 G-VII (G-18)
14 A/ASIA/G-VII (G18) Poor in-vitro match to many commercial vaccines Not matched Recent r-values: A/SAU/1/2015 A/SAU/2/2015 A/IRN/8/2015 A/IRN/12/2015 A-Iran A-Iran nd nd A-Iran nd nd A-Iran nd nd A-Sau-95* A nd nd A-Tur A-May A-Tur nd A-Tur-14 0 nd 0 0 A-IND * 0.26 nd * MulVple BVS tested
15 Epidemiology of FMD is very dynamic Sampling of field outbreaks is crivcal During new unpredictable pa>erns in Asia (East and West) and North Africa Impact upon selecvon and deployment of vaccines Does the vaccine bank need to accommodate current circulavng strain(s) as well as FMD viral lineages that threaten the region? Data sources: Vaccine matching data Potency data (parvcularly for heterologous studies Field studies Talk summary
16 FMDV vaccines CoordinaVon of different tools that are available? In-vitro vaccine matching Pilot Field trials Vaccine effecwveness studies In-vivo potency crossprotecvon ASSESSMENT of PROTECTION COST and TIME
17 Acknowledgements Support for the WRLFMD and research projects CollaboraVng FMD Reference Laboratories and field teams Partners within the OIE/ FAO FMD Lab Network
18 Vaccine matching data Serotype O (all O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 lineages): selected data Matched Not matched Field isolate O-3039 O-4625 O/Manisa Vaccine strain O/RUSSIA/ 2000 TAW/98 Iran 2012 nd nd nd Iran 2013 nd nd Iran 2014 nd nd Pakistan 2012 nd nd Pakistan 2013 nd nd PalesVnian AT 2013 nd nd UAE 2013 nd nd nd Turkey 2013 Turkey 2014 nd nd Israel 2014 nd nd O/TUR 5/2009
19 Vaccine matching data Serotype A (A/ASIA/Iran-05): selected data Matched Not matched A/Eri98 A/IND 17/82 Egypt 2013 BAR-08 nd Vaccine strain A/Iran 2005 A22Irq 24/64 A/TUR/ 2006 Iran 2012 nd nd Iran 2013 SIS-10 nd nd Pakistan 2012 HER-10 nd Pakistan 2012 SIS-12 nd Pakistan 2013 FAR-11 nd nd Pakistan 2014 FAR-11 nd nd Pakistan 2014 FAR-09 nd nd PalesVnian AT 2013 BAR-08 nd nd Turkey 2013 SIS-10 nd nd Turkey 2014 SIS-10 nd nd
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