2 Essential anatomy and physiology for Indian head massage

Transcription

1 2 Essential anatomy and physiology for Indian head massage Multiple-choice self-assessment questions answer guide Answers given in bold are correct. 1. In which of the following layers are epidermal cells constantly being reproduced? a. Horny layer b. Granular layer c. Clear layer d. Basal cell layer 2. How many layers make up the epidermis? a. 4 b. 5 c. 3 d Which is the thinnest layer of the skin? a. Dermis b. Epidermis c. Subcutaneous layer d. Subdermal layer 4. How many layers does the dermis have? a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. 5

2 5. Three functions of the skin include a. protection, movement and sensitivity b. sensitivity, protection and temperature regulation c. attachment, movement and protection d. protection, fights infection and temperature regulation. 6. Key indicators of dehydration in the skin are a. flakiness, visible fine lines and a feeling of tightness b. open pores c. blocked pores d. dilated capillaries. 7. The functions of hair are a. contraction and protection b. insulation and protection c. storage and protection d. vasodilation and vasoconstriction. 8. Hair growth occurs from the a. cuticle b. cortex c. medulla d. matrix. 9. Hair grows from a sac-like depression called the a. hair shaft b. hair root c. hair follicle d. hair bulb.

3 10. Hair colour is due to the presence of melanin in which parts of the hair shaft? a. Cortex and medulla b. Cuticle and cortex c. Cuticle and medulla d. Medulla only 11. The correct order of the hair growth cycle from growing to resting is a. anagen, telogen, catagen b. catagen, anagen, telogen c. telogen, anagen, catagen d. anagen, catagen, telogen. 12. The sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called a. sweat b. lactic acid c. sebum d. keratin. 13. Which of the following lies beneath the subcutaneous layer of the skin? a. Papillary layer b. Reticular layer c. Clear layer d. Subdermal muscle layer 14. The bacterial infection that appears as a pustule at the base of a hair follicle is known as a. impetigo b. boil c. sebaceous cyst d. folliculitis.

4 15. Which of the following is a fungal infection of the skin? a. Impetigo b. Herpes simplex c. Ringworm d. Scabies 16. Which of the following skin disorders are caused by a parasitic infection? a. Tinea capitis and tinea corporis b. Herpes simplex and herpes zoster c. Scabies and pediculosis d. Acne vulgaris and acne rosacea 17. A condition where there is an inherited absence of pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes is a. chloasma b. albinism c. lentigo d. vitiligo. 18. A papule is a. a small raised elevation on the skin b. a lump under the skin containing pus c. a small growth of fibrous tissue d. a mark left on the skin after the skin has healed. 19. How many bones are located in the neck? a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 7

5 20. The bone forming the posterior (back) part of the shoulder girdle is the a. clavicle b. scapula c. sternum d. manubrium. 21. The long bone of the upper arm is the a. radius b. ulna c. humerus d. scaphoid. 22. The bone forming the back of the skull is a. parietal b. temporal c. occipital d. vomer. 23. A bone of the skull that forms the sides of the skull above and around the ears is called the a. frontal b. temporal c. occipital d. ethmoid. 24. The bone of the face that forms the lower jaw is called the a. maxilla b. zygomatic c. mandible d. lacrimal.

6 25. The facial sinuses are designed to a. lighten the head, provide mucus and act as a resonance chamber for sound b. lighten air quality and reduce the volume of mucus c. reduce sound and the volume of mucus excreted d. lighten the head and assist with air inhalation and exhalation. 26. Which of the following is the only type of muscle under voluntary control? a. Skeletal b. Smooth c. Cardiac d. Anaerobic 27. What is the muscle that causes movement is referred to as a. synergist b. agonist c. antagonist d. fixator. 28. The state of partial contraction of a muscle is known as a. hypertrophy b. muscle spasm c. muscle tone d. muscular atrophy. 29. The condition muscle fatigue is caused by a. insufficient oxygen, exhaustion of energy and accumulation of lactic acid b. excessive oxygen, exhaustion of energy and accumulation of lactic acid c. insufficient carbon dioxide, exhaustion of energy and accumulation of lactic acid d. excessive oxygen and carbon dioxide, exhaustion of energy and accumulation of lactic acid.

7 30. The muscle that extends from the chest, up the sides of the neck to the chin is called the a. pectoralis major b. occipitalis c. temporalis d. platsyma. 31. The position of the corrugator muscle is a. between the eyebrows b. around the eyes c. at the sides of the nose d. in the cheek. 32. The fan-shaped muscle on the side of the skull, above and in front of the ear, is called the a. occipitalis b. buccinator c. mentalis d. temporalis. 33. The muscle that surrounds the eye is called the a. orbicularis oris b. risorius c. masseter d. orbicularis oculi. 34. The action of the risorius muscle is to a. raise the corner of the mouth b. close the mouth c. draw the end corners of the mouth laterally d. elevate the lower lip.

8 35. The facial expression associated with the mentalis muscle is a. pouting b. smiling c. laughing d. grinning. 36. The action of the sternocleidomastoid muscles is to a. depress the mandible b. extend the head c. elevate and retract the lower jaw d. flex the neck and turn the head to one side. 37. The action of the triceps muscle is a. flexion of the forearm b. extension of the forearm c. flexion of the wrist d. extension of the wrist. 38. The action of the buccinator muscle is to a. raise the lower jaw b. compress the cheek c. elevate and retract the lower jaw d. elevate the lower lip. 39. The muscle responsible for the action abduction of the arm is a. deltoid b. biceps c. brachialis d. triceps.

9 40. The blood cells responsible for fighting infection in the body are a. erythrocytes b. thrombocytes c. leucocytes d. platelets. 41. The function of an artery is to a. carry oxygenated blood b. carry deoxygenated blood c. prevent backflow of blood d. carry blood under low pressure. 42. What in a vein s structure prevents back flow of blood? a. Thick elastic walls b. Valves c. Thick muscular walls d. Capillaries 43. The average pulse in an adult is between a. 50 and 70 beats per minute b. 60 and 80 beats per minute c. 90 and 120 beats per minute d. 40 and 50 beats per minute. 44. Blood pressure is the amount of pressure exerted by blood on an arterial wall due to the contraction of a. the left atrium b. the right ventricle c. the left ventricle d. the right atrium.

10 45. Upon injury blood prevents the severe loss of blood by a. clotting and forming a network of platelets b. forming a network of white blood cells c. forming a network of red blood cells d. vasodilation of blood capillaries. 46. Blood follows two circulatory pathways around the body known as a. arterial and venous b. pulmonary and portal c. pulmonary and systemic d. systemic and general. 47. The name of the blood vessels that are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the head and neck is a. the brachiocephalic arteries b. the subclavian arteries c. the jugular veins d. the carotid arteries. 48. The name of the blood vessels responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the head and neck is a. the jugular veins b. the superior vena cava c. the brachiocephalic veins d. the vertebral veins. 49. The lymphatic system has the following functions: a. fights infection, drains excess fluid, absorbs products of fat digestion b. produces fat, fights infection and drains blood c. fights infection, reduces fat digestion and increases fluid retention d. produces fat, produces blood cells and reduces fluid retention.

11 50. Lymph is formed when plasma escapes from the blood capillaries and becomes a. cellular waste b. tissue fluid c. carbon dioxide d. oxygen. 51. The name of the structure that carries lymph towards the heart under steady pressure is a a. lymphatic capillary b. lymphatic node c. lymphatic vessel d. lymphatic duct. 52. The lymph nodes that drain lymph from the back of the scalp and the upper part of the neck are called a. submandibular nodes b. deep cervical nodes c. occipital nodes d. parotid nodes. 53. The lymph nodes that drain lymph from the larynx, oesophagus, posterior of the scalp and neck, and superficial part of the chest and arm are called a. superficial cervical nodes b. mastoid nodes c. deep cervical nodes d. occipital nodes. 54. Which of the following node drains lymph on its journey to the submandibular nodes? a. Parotid b. Submental c. Buccal d. Post auricular

12 55. The central nervous system consists of a. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems b. the facial and spinal nerves c. the brain and the spinal cord d. the autonomic nervous system. 56. The autonomic nervous system controls a. smooth and cardiac muscle b. voluntary muscle c. blood and lymphatic flow d. reflex actions from the brain. 57. Which of the following is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system? a. Pupil constriction b. Increased gastrointestinal activity c. Constriction of skeletal blood vessels d. Increased heartbeat 58. The correct order of respiratory organs is a. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs b. nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs c. nose, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi and lungs d. nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi and lungs. 59. The process of inspiration is brought about by a. the combined relaxation of the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles b. the combined contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles c. the combined relaxation of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles d. the combined contraction of the diaphragm and the internal intercostal muscles.

13 60. The endocrine system is concerned with a. regulation of blood b. producing hormones c. respiration d. sensory function.