UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES. BSc (HONS) ADULT NURSING SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION 2017/2018

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1 ljs2 UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES BSc (HONS) ADULT NURSING SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION 2017/2018 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MODULE NO: HLT4082 Date: Wednesday 21 March 2018 Time: am INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: There are 51 questions on this paper. Answer 51 questions. Maximum marks 81.5

2 Page 2 of 20 Introduction (6 marks total) 1. Which of the following sentences best describes an organ? a) The study of abnormalities and how they affect the body b) The study of how the parts of the body work together and the ways in which they co-operate to maintain health and life c) A self-regulating process necessary the normal state of the body s environment d) Tissues grouping together to become a discrete functional unit 2. Which of the following sentences best describes homeostasis? a) The study of abnormalities and how they affect the body b) The study of how the parts of the body work together and the ways in which they co-operate to maintain health and life c) A self-regulating process necessary for the normal state of the body s environment d) Tissues grouping together to become a discrete functional unit

3 Page 3 of Use the answer booklet to label the diagram of the major organs in the human body. (0.5 mark for each correct answer/4 marks total) A H B G C F D E

4 Page 4 of 20 The Cell (5 marks total) 4. Which of the following is NOT found inside a human cell? a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum b) Golgi apparatus c) Ribosome d) Chloroplasts 5. Which of the 3 functions below are functions of a human cell? a) Photosynthesis b) Respiration c) Reproduction d) Metabolism ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) 6. What is the function of the cell nucleus? a) It contains chromosomes and is the cell s control centre b) Storage of glycogen c) Supports organelles d) Packages fats for secretion

5 Page 5 of 20 The integumentary system (5 marks total) 7. In relation to the integumentary system, of the 4 examples below, which 3 examples are layers of the skin? a) Dermis, epidermis, hypodermis b) Epidermis, endometrium, dermis c) Endometrium, hypodermis, myometrium d) Hypodermis, epidermis, myometrium 8. Of the 4 examples below, which 3 examples are functions of the skin? a) Protection b) The manufacture of proteins c) Sensation d) Absorption ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) 9. Which of the examples is NOT a risk factor for aging? a) Tobacco smoking b) Drinking excess alcohol c) Wearing sunscreen d) Sun exposure

6 Page 6 of 20 The Skeletal System (7 marks) 10. The 2 major parts of the skeleton are: a) The appendicular skeleton b) The perpendicular skeleton c) The axial skeleton d) The limbic skeleton ( for each correct answer/2 marks total) 11. The anatomical name for the breast bone is: a) The clavicle b) The sternum c) The rib d) The ulna 12. An example of a flat bone is: a) The sternum b) The ulna c) The femur d) Metatarsals 13. Which 3 examples are functions of the human skeleton? a) Movement b) Protection c) Connects tendons to tendons d) The manufacture of red blood cells ( for each correct answer/3 marks total)

7 Page 7 of 20 The muscular system (6 marks) 14. Which 3 of the examples given below are classifications of muscle? a) Reproductive b) Cardiac c) Skeletal d) Smooth ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) 15. Which of the explanations below best describes smooth muscle? a) Has spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus and acts involuntarily b) Has striations, branching cells and acts involuntary c) Has striations, is normally attached to tendons and acts voluntarily d) Is multi-nucleated, has spindle shaped cells and acts voluntarily 16. Which of the following is NOT a function of a muscle? a) Producing movement b) Maintaining posture c) Oxygenation d) Heat generation

8 Page 8 of During isometric movement: a) The muscle shortens and movement occurs b) Tension in muscles increases, no movement occurs c) The muscle lengthens as it contracts d) The muscle relaxes and movement occurs The Respiratory System (6 marks) 18. Which one of these structures is NOT a component of the lower respiratory tract? a) Trachea b) Pharynx c) Bronchiole d) Alveoli 19. The function of the intercostal muscles during breathing is: a) To move the ribs inwards and downwards to increase thoracic pressure and assist with inhalation b) The intercostal muscles are not involved in breathing c) To move the ribs up and out to decrease thoracic pressure and assist with inhalation d) To prevent the trachea collapsing

9 Page 9 of A definition of external respiration is: a) The diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into pulmonary circulation and diffusion of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. b) The diffusion of oxygen from the blood into tissue cells and diffusion of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. c) The movement of air in and out of the lungs d) The normal breathing pattern of a healthy person 21. From the list below, what are 3 characteristics of alveoli that support gaseous exchange? a) Spherical in shape b) A small surface area c) Dense capillary network d) One cell thick ( for each correct answer/3 marks total)

10 Page 10 of 20 The Cardiovascular System (5 marks total) 22. Which of the following is NOT a structure of the heart? a) Carina b) Left ventricle c) Right atrium d) Mitral valve 23. Which sentence best describes arteries? a) They take blood away from the heart, they work under high pressure and carry oxygenated blood b) They take blood to the heart, they work under high pressure and carry oxygenated blood c) They have thick muscular walls, they do not have valves and work under low pressure d) They carry deoxygenated blood to the heart, they have valves and work under low pressure 24. Which 3 factors can affect a person s blood pressure? a) Pre-load b) Filtration c) Contractility d) After-load ( for each correct answer/3 marks total)

11 Page 11 of 20 The Digestive System (8.5 marks total) 25. Label the diagram of the digestive system using the booklet provided: (0.5 marks for each correct answer/5.5 marks total) B A C K J D I E H F G

12 Page 12 of The 3 main functions of the digestive system are? a) Filtration, absorption and elimination b) Filtration, digestion and elimination c) Digestion, absorption and elimination d) Respiration, absorption and elimination 27. Which of the sentences below best describes mechanical digestion? a) Using digestive enzymes to break down food b) Ripping and tearing up food with the teeth c) Making food into a bolus in the mouth ready for swallowing d) The absorption of nutrients in the small bowel 28. The main function of the gallbladder is to: a) store and concentrate bile before releasing it into the duodenum b) store and concentrate bile before releasing it into the large intestine c) store and concentrate amylase before secreting it into the duodenum d) store and concentrate amylase before secreting it into the large intestine.

13 Page 13 of 20 The Renal System (6 marks) 29. Which of the 4 components make up the renal system? a) kidneys, ureters, gallbladder, urethra b) kidneys, salpinges, bladder urethra c) kidneys, vas deferens, bladder, urethra d) kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra 30. What are the 3 main parts of the kidney? a) adrenal gland b) cortex c) medulla d) pelvis ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) 31. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney? a) secretion of hormones b) maintenance of homeostasis c) production of white blood cells d) excretion of urea

14 Page 14 of The metabolism of proteins results in the formation of which substance(s)? a) Glucose b) Potassium c) Sodium d) Urea, uric acid and creatinine Nervous System (6 marks total) 33. Which of the following are components of a nerve cell? a) Nucleus, dendrite, node of Ranvier, pons b) Nucleus, dendrite, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier c) Dendrite, node of Ranvier, myelin sheath, pons d) Pons, dendrite, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier 34. The central nervous system is composed of: a) The autonomic and somatic nervous system b) The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system c) The brain, brainstem and spinal cord d) The autonomic and parasympathetic nervous system

15 Page 15 of The parasympathetic nervous system: a) Constricts pupils, stimulates salivation, reduces the heart rate b) Dilates pupils, inhibits salivation, increases heart rate c) Constricts pupils, inhibits salivation, increases heart rate d) Dilates pupils, stimulates salivation, increases heart rate types of neurone are: a) Involuntary, motor, relay b) Involuntary, voluntary, relay c) Sensory, motor, relay d) Sensory, motor, involuntary 37. Sensory neurones: a) transmit messages from motor nerves to sensory nerves b) transmit messages from the sense receptors to the coordinator c) transmit messages from the coordinator to the brain d) transmit messages from the coordinator to the effector

16 Page 16 of What is the main function of the nervous system? a) Reproduction and survival of the species b) To maintain fluid balance c) Growth and development d) To respond to changes in your surroundings (stimuli) and coordinate the correct response The Lymphatic System (9 marks) 39. Which sentence most accurately describes the lymphatic system? a) A widespread system of vessels and tissues scattered throughout the body that form part of the immune system b) A system that reacts rapidly to stimuli and effects change over a period of seconds c) A system which produces and secretes hormones into the blood stream d) A system which secretes saliva via the parotid glands into the oral cavity 40. Of the 4 functions below, which 3 are functions of the lymphatic system? a) Fluid balance b) Fighting infection c) Absorption of fats d) Growth and development ( for each correct answer/3 marks total)

17 Page 17 of Of the 4 components below, which 3 components make up the lymphatic system? a) Tonsils b) Kidney c) Thymus d) Spleen ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) 42. Which of the following sentences most accurately describes lymphatic fluid? a) A clear fluid that chemically digests food b) A clear or whitish fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid is collected in the spleen c) A clear or whitish fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid is collected through lymph capillaries d) A clear or whitish fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid is collected in the liver 43. What is the main function of a phagocyte? a) Determine the immune response to infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances b) Engulf and breakdown foreign particles c) Regeneration of red blood cells d) Transportation of nourishment and respiratory gases

18 Page 18 of 20 The Male Reproductive System (4 marks total) 44. What is the main function of the testes? a) A passage way for ejaculated semen and the excretion of urine b) To produce sperm c) It is where sperm motility is increased d) Transportation of sperm to the urethra 45. What is the main function of the penis? a) A passage way for ejaculated semen and the excretion of urine b) To produce sperm c) It is where sperm motility is increased d) Transportation of sperm to the urethra 46. In relation to the male reproductive system the main function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is: a) The lower the tone of the voice at puberty b) To stimulate the production of testosterone and sperm production c) To increase sperm motility d) It stimulates the production of oestrogen

19 Page 19 of Which of the following are changes that occur in males during puberty? a) Breaking of the voice, growth of facial hair, increased production of testosterone b) Breaking of the voice, growth of facial hair, a decrease in the production of testosterone c) Breaking of the voice, growth of facial hair, increased production of progesterone d) Breaking of the voice, growth of facial hair, increased in adipose tissue around the hips The Female Reproductive System (9 marks total) 48. Which 3 listed below are components of the female external genitalia? a) Labia minora b) Labia majora c) Clitoris d) Cervix ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) 49. What is the main function of the clitoris? a) To provide sexual stimulation b) To protect the inner, more sensitive structures of the vulva c) To store oocytes d) To maintain an acidic environment to prevent the growth of bacteria

20 Page 20 of During a female s childbearing years how often does menstruation usually occur? a) Approximately every 14 days b) Approximately every 60 days c) Approximately every 40 days d) Approximately every 28 days 51. Of the 4 examples below, which 3 are examples of changes that occur to the female during puberty? a) The uterus reaches maturity b) The menstrual cycle and ovulation begins c) There is a decrease in oestrogen production d) Pubic and axillary hair begin to grow ( for each correct answer/3 marks total) END OF QUESTIONS