SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES. ANATOMY FOR BSc. OT & BSc. PT (ANAT 2033) FINAL EXAM: 24 th OCTOBER TOTAL TIME: 2 Hours TOTAL MARKS: 100

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1 SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES ANATOMY FOR BSc. OT & BSc. PT (ANAT 2033) FINAL EXAM: 24 th OCTOBER 2011 TOTAL TIME: 2 Hours TOTAL MARKS: 100 This test consists of two papers; Paper I will consist of Gross Anatomy questions and Paper II of Histology and Embryology questions. Instructions: 1. Answer all questions. 2. Write your Anatomy number on each answer book/mcq sheet. SECTION A: MCQ s 40 MARKS i)write your name, the degree for which you are registered, your student number, and anatomy test number on the Faculty of Health Sciences side of the computer sheet. ii)on the circles side of the computer sheet in the block headed student number write your student number. Fill in the circles with a soft HB pencil. iii)there are three types of MCQ questions in this paper: a. X-Type: For this type of question there are five (5) options each must be marked as either CORRECT or INCORRECT. For each question at least one of the options will be correct and one incorrect. You need to have an answer for each of the five (5) statements. b. A-Type: For this type of question there will be only one answer out of five (5) statements. You need to mark ONE out of the five options for each question, read carefully as the question can ask for true or false statements. c. R-Type: In this type of question you need to choose the correct or most correct statement out of a list of options. For each of the statements choose the best option from the list of options above. You don t have to use all the options and you can use any of the options more than once. i) DO NOT use CORRECTION FLUID on your MCQ sheet. You may use an eraser with care. ii) DO NOT fold or bend the computer card. iii)the computer sheet MUST be filled in during the examination time. NO TIME WILL BE ALLOWED after the end of the examination for filling in the sheet. SECTION B: WRITTEN ANSWER QUESTIONS : 60 MARKS i) Answer PAPER I in the COLOURED book and PAPER II in the WHITE book. ii) Relevant and correctly labelled diagrams may be used to enhance your answers. iii) ONLY scripts written in blue or black ink will be marked. Pencil may be used ONLY for drawings. Page 2 of 8

2 PAPER 1- GROSS ANATOMY SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 60 MARKS 24 MARKS X-type: (4 Questions x2 Marks each) For the following questions mark the statements as correct or incorrect. You are required to have an answer for each statement. 1. Ligaments associated with the dorsal mesentery of the GIT include: a. Falciform ligament b. Gastrocolic ligament c. Gastrosplenic ligament d. Lesser Omentum e. Coronary ligament 2. The following structures are found on the proximal end of the Humerus: a. Anatomical neck b. Greater Tubercle c. Lesser Tubercle d. Intertrochanteris crest e. Deltoid tubercle 3. Regarding the patella: a. It is triangular b. The apex faces inferiorly c. The base is directed superiorly d. The lateral articular facet is the smallest e. It is an example of an irregular bone 4. Pertaining to the meninges: a. The dura mater is divided into two layers b. The arachnoid mater is the innermost of the three layers c. The dura mater forms the tentorium cerebelli d. The pia matter is invested into each sulcus on the brain surface e. They extend to protect the spinal cord A-type: (4 Questions x2 Marks each) For the following question choose the statement that is most correct out of the five (5) options given 1. The following structure is not influenced by the pituitary gland a. suprarenal glands b. liver c. thyroid glands d. hypothalamus e. gonads Page 3 of 8

3 2. The coverings of the kidneys does not include: a. Fibrous capsule b. Synovial capsule c. Pararenal fat d. Perirenal fat e. Renal fascia 3. In the male, the membranous urethra: a. Is that part within the prostate gland b. starts at the trigone of the bladder c. is that part within the urogenital diaphragm d. is that part within the corpus spongiosum e. is called the ejaculatory duct 4. The female internal genitalia does not include a. ovaries b. vagina c. uterus d. uterine tubes e. bulb of the vestibule R-type: (4 Questions x2 Marks each) A. Tricuspid valve B. Bicuspid valve C. Azygos vein D. Hemi-azygos vein E. Humidifying the air F. Oxygen exchange G. Internal intercostal H. Diaphragm For each of the following questions choose the best option from the list above. You do not have to use all the options and you can use any option more than once. 1. This valve is associated with the right side of the heart 2. This structure is a tributary of the superior vena cava 3. A very important function of the nasal cavity is 4. The most important muscle during respiration Page 4 of 8

4 SECTION B: SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS 36 MARKS QUESTION 1 In a flow diagram, describe the pathway of blood through the heart. (6 marks) QUESTION Tabulate the muscles producing each of the six movements at the shoulder joint. (9 marks) 2.2 Define the locations of the three parts of the axillary artery. (3 marks) QUESTION 3 Write short notes on the structure and function of an intervertebral disc. Make mention of the possible consequence of degeneration of the disc. (5 marks) QUESTION 4 Describe the ankle joint under the following headings: [13 marks] a. Classification of this joint. (0.5 mark) b. Articulating bones. (2 marks) c. Type of cartilage covering the articulating surfaces. (0.5 mark) d. Ligaments associated with this joint including the parts of each joint. (4.5 marks) e. Movements possible at this joint. (1 mark) f. The muscles in both the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg that produce these movements. Also state the innervations to these muscle compartments. (3.5 marks) g. The importance of the structural arrangement of the articulating bones at this joint? (1 mark) Page 5 of 8

5 PAPER 2 HISTOLOGY SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 40 MARKS 16 MARKS X Type: 5. During the second week of development: a. a trilaminar embryonic disc is formed b. lacunae are formed in the syntrophoblast c. the extra-embryonic mesoderm is formed d. the neural tube has developed e. an exocoelomic membrane is formed 6. The proximal convoluted tubule ( of the Kidney ) a. exhibits a brush border b. receives blood from the glomerular capillaries c. is located in the medullary rays d. exhibits basal striations e. contains cells collectively known as the macula densa A Type: Choose the most correct answer: 5. Identify the statement which is most correct with regard to muscle: a. The nuclei of smooth muscle cells have a corkscrew appearance in cross section. b. Purkinje fibers generally stain darker compared to ordinary cardiac fibers due to the presence of large glycogen spaces. c. A skeletal muscle fiber is composed of a single skeletal muscle cell. d. T-tubules are present in smooth muscle. e. Cardiac muscle cells are typically longer than skeletal muscle fibres. 6. Mitochondria: a. are abundant in cells that actively produce protein b. localize at sites within a cell where energy is required c. are non-membranous organelles d. in large numbers, contribute to cytoplasmic basophilia e. sort and package proteins Page 6 of 8

6 R Type: Loose or areolar connective tissue is a type of connective tissue proper which generally consists of basic components such as fibers, cells and ground substance. Which of the following statements best describes: 5. The histological structure of loose connective tissue? 6. The main function of loose connective tissue? 7. The main cell types associated with loose connective tissue? 8. The location of loose connective tissue? a. Abundant ground substance, moderate amount of randomly arranged collagen and elastic fibers and more than one cell type present. b. Randomly arranged elastin and collagen fibers, little ground substance and more than one cell type present. c. Randomly arranged collagen, elastin and reticular fibers, moderate amount of ground substance with fibroblasts and macrophages scattered throughout the tissue. d. Supports structures normally under pressure and low friction. e. Initial site of pathogenic invasion after breaching the epithelium. f. Provides support for unidirectional transmission of force. g. The most abundant cell types are mast cells and macrophages. h. Fibroblasts and macrophages are the most abundant cell types. i. Fibroblasts and mast cells are the most abundant cell types. j. The papillary layer of dermis. k. The submucosa of the duodenum. l. The reticular layer of the dermis. Page 7 of 8

7 SECTION B: SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS 24 MARKS QUESTION 1 a) List the three zones of the suprarenal cortex. (1.5 marks) b) Describe the histological structure and function of the zone next to the capsule. (3.5 marks) QUESTION 2 Describe the histological structure and function of the synovial membrane in a synovial joint. (7 marks) QUESTION 3 Tabulate the similarities and differences between medium sized/muscular arteries and medium sized veins. (6 marks) QUESTION 4 During the formation of the brain, the neural tube develops constrictions, dilatations and flexures (folds). Describe the development of the primary and secondary brain vesicles with respect to this statement. Use well-labelled diagrams where appropriate to illustrate your answer. (6 marks) Page 8 of 8