lunilateral: only one side of the body Directional Terms Movement Terms Flexion: Extremity (knee or elbow) in flexed position

Transcription

1 Chapter 6 The Human Body The Panes of the Body Anterior: Front side (Ventra) Posterior: side (Dorsa) Midine: Imaginary ine that divides body Midcavicuar ine: Imaginary ine at center of (coar bone) Midaxiary ine: Imaginary ine at armpits The Panes of the Body Directiona Terms (1 of 3) Right: The patient s right Left: The patient s eft Latera: Away from the Media: Toward the midine Directiona Terms (2 of 3) Superior: Nearer or toward the Inferior: Nearer or toward the feet Dista: Toward the free end Proxima: Toward the Directiona Terms (3 of 3) Superficia: cose to or on the Deep: further inside the body Pamar: pam/front of hand Pantar: bottom of foot Apices: tip or topmost portion of a structure Biatera: body part that appears on both sides of Uniatera: ony one side of the body Directiona Terms Movement Terms Fexion: Extremity (knee or ebow) in fexed position 1

2 Fexion: Extremity (knee or ebow) in fexed position Extension: Extremity in position Adduction: Extremity to body Abduction: Extremity away from body Movement Terms Anatomic Positions Prone: Face Supine: Face Fower s position: body sitting up, knees bent Latera recumbent: on side Trendeenburg's Position: body supine with head than feet Shock Position: Trendeenburg with egs eevated and the head and torso supine The Skeeta System Gives form to the body Protects vita organs Consists of bones Acts as a framework for attachment of musces Designed to permit of the body The Sku The Neck Spina Coumn Protects spina cord Consists of vertebrae 7 Cervica 12 5 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 4 The Thorax The Abdomen (1 of 2) The abdomen is the major body cavity. 2

3 The abdomen is the major body cavity. It contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. The Abdomen (2 of 2) The Pevis The Lower Extremity Femur: thighbone - and strongest bone of body Patea: kneecap Knee Joint Tibia: shin bone (ower eg) Fibua: smaer bone of ower eg The Lower Extremity Taus: bone Cacaneus: hee bone Foot tarsa bones metatarsa bones phaanges--toes The Lower Extremity Hip Thigh Knee Leg Anke Foot The Upper Extremity Humerus: arm bone Ebow Radius: thumb side Una: pinkie side Hand carpa bones metacarpa bones phaanges 3

4 metacarpa bones phaanges The Upper Extremity Shouder girde Arm Ebow Forearm Wrist Hand Joints Ba and Socket: Aows and rotation Hinge: Aows for ony hinging Functions of the Muscuoskeeta System Gives the body Protects interna organs Provides for movement Consists of more than musces Types of Musce (1 of 2) Skeeta (vountary) musce Attached to the bones of the body Smooth (invountary) musce Carry out the muscuar functions of the body Types of Musce (2 of 2) Cardiac musce Invountary musce Has own bood suppy and system Can toerate interruptions of bood suppy for ony very short periods The Respiratory System Diaphragm Has characteristics of both and musces Dome-shaped musce 4

5 musces Dome-shaped musce Divides thorax from abdomen during inhaation during exhaation Infant and Chid Anatomy Structures ess rigid Airway smaer Tongue proportionay Dependent on diaphragm for breathing The Circuatory System Consists of: Heart Bood Bood Vesses The Circuatory System: Anatomy The Nervous System The nervous system contros the body s vountary and invountary actions. Somatic nervous system Reguates actions Autonomic nervous system Contros body functions Centra Nervous System (1 of 2) (Brain and Spina Cord) Centra Nervous System (2 of 2) Periphera Nervous System Links the organs of the body to the nervous system. Sensory nerves carry information from the body to the centra nervous system. Motor nerves carry information from the centra nervous system to the musces of the body. The Skin (1 of 2) Protects the body from the 5

6 Protects the body from the Reguates body Transmits information from environment to the brain The Skin (2 of 2) Endocrine System Compex message and contro system Made up of gands Gands produce and reease The Endocrine System: Anatomy and Physioogy Endocrine Gands (1 of 2) Adrena: reguates sat, sugar, and sexua function Ovary: reguates sexua function, characteristics, and reproduction in Pancreas: reguates metaboism Parathyroid: reguates serum cacium Endocrine Gands (2 of 2) Pituitary: reguates a other endocrine gands Testes: reguates sexua function, characteristics, and reproduction in men Thyroid: reguates Digestive System (1 of 7) Mouth Saivary Gands: Located under the tongue Produces saiva (98% water) Oropharynx: ora and structures Esophagus: Coapsibe tube about 10 ong Connects mouth to Musce contractions prope food Digestive System (2 of 7) Stomach: 6

7 Digestive System (2 of 7) Stomach: Located in eft upper quadrant (LUQ) Stores food in arge quantities and transfers to sma intestines in reguar portions Pancreas: Aids in digestion of fat, starch, and proteins Produces about 2 iters of pancreatic juices per day Produces Digestive System (3 of 7) Liver: Largest organ of the body Poisonous substances produced by digestion are rendered harmess Storage of sugar and starch Produces factors necessary for bood cotting and for producing Soid organ very rich in bood Fragie and easiy injured Digestive System (4 of 7) Bie Ducts: Connects the iver to the intestine The is an outpouching of the bie ducts and stores bie Major function of bie is the digestion of fat Sma Intestine: The major organ of the abdomen Composed of the duodenum, jejunum, and ieum Produces enzymes and mucus to aid in digestion Digestive System (5 of 7) Large Intestines: Consists of the cecum, coon, and rectum The major function of the coon is to absorb the fina 5-10% of digested food and water from the intestine to produce soid waste Digestive System (6 of 7) Appendix: 7

8 Digestive System (6 of 7) Appendix: 3 to 4 ong that opens into the cecum in the r quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen Easiy obstructed, infamed and infected Major cause of abdomina distress No known function Digestive System (7 of 7) Rectum: Lowermost end of the coon Stores feces unti it is expeed Contains sphincters to contro the escape of waste products Urinary System 8