Ego Defense. Mustafa M. Amin Psychiatry Department Medical Faculty University of North Sumatera

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1 Ego Defense Mustafa M. Amin Psychiatry Department Medical Faculty University of North Sumatera

2 Human body Physic Not a divided component Psyche Disturbance in physic disturbance in psyche Eg : fever fear & anxiety

3 Body (physic) if infected calor, rubor, tumor & functio laesa leucosyte Psyche?????

5 Ego Disturbed function Ego defense Keeping the ego function normally so there will be harmony between self or conflict of the self

6 Genesis of Defense Mechanisms As a results of the ego s struggles to mediate pressures of the id Associated drive components evoke characteristic ego defense Eg : introjection, denial, projection (oral), reaction formation (anal) Defense mechanism from the earlier phases of development persist side by side w/ those of later periods When defenses associated w/ pregenital phases of development tend to predominate in adult life over more mature mechanisms the personality retains an infantile cast

7 Normal : - Temporary - Seldom Ego defense Mental emotional patient : - Often - Persist

8 NARCISSISTIC Projection : perceiving & reacting to unacceptable inner impulses & their derivatives as though they were outside the self eg : woman represses her own sexual hunger& dismisses all men s sex fiends

9 Denial : avoids becoming aware of some painful aspects of reality eg : patients w/ malignant tumor insists eg : patients w/ malignant tumor insists she does not have cancer

10 Distortion : grossly reshaping external reality to suit inner needs eg : megalomaniacal beliefs

11 IMMATURE Acting out : direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in action to avoid being conscious of the accompanying affect eg : by angry with his friend punch

12 Blocking : an inhibition, usually temporary in nature, of affects especially, but possibly also of thinking & impulses eg : Rudi asks about Andi s girlfriend Andi doesn t answer

13 Hypochondriasis : transformation of reproach toward others arising from bereavement, loneliness, or unacceptable aggressive impulses into self reproach & somatic complaints of pain, illness, and so forth eg : student s examination toilet Introjection (internalization) : out of a sense of guilt in which the self punishing introject is attributable to the hostile, destructive component of an ambivalent tie to an object. Internalization of characteristics of the object w/ the goal of closeness to & constant presence of the object eg : fail in exam didn t study

14 Passive-aggressive behavior : aggression toward an object expressed indirectly & ineffectively through passivity, masochism, and turning against the self eg : sorry..i thought you didn t want the cake I ate it all

15 Regression : return to previous stage of development or functioning to avoid the anxieties or hostilities involved in later stages. eg : 7 year old girl resumes bed wetting when sibling were born

16 Schizoid fantasy : tendency to use fantasy & to indulge in autistic retreat for the purpose of conflict resolution & gratification eg : man w/ erectile dysfunction daydreams about orgies party

17 Somatization : defensive conversion of psychic derivatives into bodily symptoms eg : afraid of being bullied at school eg : afraid of being bullied at school child develop stomachache

18 Identification : modelling of one s self on another person or group, but w/ less intensity & completeness than w/ introjection eg : soccer mania David Beckham style

19 NEUROTIC Controlling : attempting to manage or regulate events or objects in the environment to minimize anxiety & to resolve inner conflicts eg : Lia wants to pass the exam for the medical faculty study hard day & night

20 Displacement : shifting an emotion or drive cathexis from one idea or object to another that resembles the original in some aspect or quality eg : a woman is abandoned by her fiance, she quickly finds another man about whom she develops the same feelings

21 Dissociation : temporarily but drastically modifying a person s character or one s sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress eg : hysterical conversion

22 Isolation : splitting or separating an idea from the affect that accompanies it but is repressed eg : a bank teller appears calm and cool while frustrating a robbery but afterward is tearful and tremulous.

23 Rationalization : offering rational explanations in an attempt to justify attitudes, beliefs, or behavior that may otherwise be unacceptable eg : stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up the the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance

24 Reaction formation : transforming an unacceptable impulse into its opposite eg : a married woman who is disturbed by eg : a married woman who is disturbed by feeling attracted to one of her husband's friends treats him rudely.

25 Repression (primary ego defense) : expelling or withholding from consciousness an idea or feeling - Primary repression : curbing of ideas & feelings before they have attained consciousness eg : forbidden sexual impulse

26 - Secondary repression : exludes from awareness what was once experienced at a conscious level eg : forgetting sexual abuse from her childhood due to the trauma and anxiety

27 Simbolization : An object or act represents a complex group of objects and acts, some of which may be conflictual or unacceptable to the ego; objects or acts stand for a repressed desire. eg : a soldier, when asked why he volunteered, he said, "To defend the flag." He rejects as irrelevant a question about the purpose of the war. Compensation : Encountering failure or frustration in some sphere of activity, one overemphasizes another. The term is also applied to the process of overcorrecting for a handicap or limitation. eg : a physically unattractive adolescent becomes an expert dancer.

28 Undoing : An act or communication which partially negates a previous one. Eg : two close friends have a violent argument; when they next meet, each act as if the disagreement had never occurred.

29 Intellectualization : avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects eg : a person who has just been diagnosed with a terminal illness might focus on learning everything about the disease in order to avoid distress and remain distant from the reality of the situation.

30 MATURE Altruism : using constructive & instinctually gratifying service to others to undergo a vicarious experience eg : government employee no complaint Anticipation : realistically anticipating or planning for future inner discomfort eg : planning older life

31 Asceticism : eliminating the pleasurable effects of experience eg : priest Humor : using comedy to overtly express feelings & thoughts without personal discomfort or immobilization & without producing an unpleasant effect on others eg : tukul, benny hill

32 Sublimation : achieving impulse gratification & the retention of goals but altering a socially objectionable aim or object to a socially accept one eg : Andy always fight w/ his friends karate Suppression : consciously or semiconsciously postponing attention to a conscious impulse or conflict eg : patient

33 EGO DEFENSE DEVELOPMENT Born : Projectioni Denial Introjection Oral : Displacement Identification Anal : Reaction formation Isolation Regressoni Latent : Sublimation Phallic : Intelectualization Repression Simbolization

34 The Use of Ego Defense Learning patient personality Psychotherapy Childhood conflict

DEFENSE MECHANISMS. Dr. Heriani/Dr. Sylvia Detri Elvira. Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine - University of Indonesia

DEFENSE MECHANISMS. Dr. Heriani/Dr. Sylvia Detri Elvira. Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine - University of Indonesia DEFENSE MECHANISMS Dr. Heriani/Dr. Sylvia Detri Elvira Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine - University of Indonesia 1 Shinta, female, 23 years old, was shocked 3 months ago, by the news that