Name: Regents Exam Preparation: Vocabulary Winter Break

Transcription

1 Name: Regents Exam Preparation: Vocabulary Winter Break I. Scientific Method Design an experiment and answer the following questions below: Kyle wanted to know if watching the Giants play football would increase his pulse rate (heartbeat). What would Kyle s hypothesis be and how would he design an experiment? (Include: Hypothesis, what you would change and 3 things you would keep the same) Hypothesis: Control Group Experimental Group Independent variable - Dependent variable - II. Graphing & Measurement Convert: 22.5 cm - m 0.57 mm - um 4.1 cm - um 5,101 um - mm mm 1

2 III. Microscope What is the field of view in millimeters AND micrometers: o Millimeters - o Micrometers - If an image is too dark under high power, what should you use to increase the light intensity? If a microscope has an ocular lens with a 10x magnification and 3 objective lenses with 4x, 10x, and 40x magnifications, what would be the highest total magnification? Describe 2 things that would happen to an image going from low power to high power? When you are using high power, what adjustment knob would you use and why? Why do you put a coverslip down at a 45 angle when making a wet mount slide? 2

3 Why is a dye or stain used for microscope viewing? IV. Life Functions Metabolism Synthesis Species What is a failure to maintain homeostasis called? Give an example of negative feedback that is used in the human body in order to maintain homeostasis: V. Cellular Biology Name or describe one exception to the cell theory: Name 2 organelles that are only found in plant cells? Put in size order from least complex to most complex (write number on line 1 = smallest; 6 = largest): For the organelles below, describe their function AND write 1 life function they carry out Mitochondria Chloroplast 3

4 Nucleus Ribosome Biochemistry Tell if the compound is organic or inorganic: 1. Water 2. CH 4 3. CO 2 4. NaCl 5. Glucose 6. CH 2 O 3 Where is chemical energy stored in glucose? What are the following macromolecules broken down into? Protein - Cellulose - Lipid - DNA - What does this picture show? What type of saccharide? Glucose + glucose = Starch = Cellulose + glucose = Write down 4 examples of proteins: What makes proteins different from one another? 4

5 Enzyme & ph Circle what happens to the rate of enzyme activity when is too: Cold slows down / remains the same / speeds up / denatures Hot slows down / remains the same / speeds up / denatures Use the diagram below to answer the questions: What is the optimal ph for Enzyme C - What ph range does Enzyme B work - What enzymes work in a basic ph (more than 1) - Use these following words together in a sentence: Active Site / Shape / Denature Complete ONE of the next two questions: 1. If plants are used to using normal rainwater with a neutral ph, would acid rain with a 5.0 ph hurt the plant? Why or why not? 2. Would Pricophilus, a bacteria that lives in a ph of 0.7, be able to infect and live in human blood that has a ph of about 7.35? Why? Define: Catalyst Photosynthesis & Respiration Define: Autotroph Heterotroph 5

6 Photosynthesis: Equation Purpose Cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis - How could you speed up the rate of photosynthesis (2 ways): When there is extra water available, guard cells are open on the bottom-side of leaves creating a hole called the stoma. What 2 materials leave though the opening (stoma) and what material enters? Enters - Leaves - & Circle the TWO organisms that reduces atmospheric CO 2 : Fish Zebra Tree Lion Tomato Plant Shark Respiration: Equation Purpose Cell organelle that carries out cellular respiration - What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration? Be specific Complete Picture: 6

7 Cell Membrane & Transport Which compound can easily pass through a cell membrane, Starch or Glucose? Why? Active Transport Material moves from areas of to concentration Is energy needed for this process? Passive Transport Materials move from areas of to concentration Is energy needed for this process? Answer questions: 1. A cell contains 10% salt and outside the cell contains 20% salt. Where will water come from and go to? 2. In the picture to the right, how would the small compound blue diamond get into the cell? 3. Predict what will happen in the picture below after diffusion occurs. Draw where the letters will be and don t forget : Semipermeable Membrane 7

8 4. How do chemical indicators indicate the presence of a substance? 5. Describes what happens to a cell if it is placed in a saltwater solution: Digestive System Define: Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Peristalsis Emulsification Pancreas Lipase What type of digestion? Starch in crackers are broken down into glucose: Mechanical / Chemical Emulsification: Mechanical / Chemical Food is torn apart and chewed: Mechanical / Chemical Where do lipids START to be chemically digested: mouth / stomach / small intestine / large intestine Why do certain enzymes work in the stomach where the ph is instead of denaturing? Why are their many capillaries around the small and large intestine? Where does glucose go after it enters the blood stream and then diffuses into a cell? 8