Primary pouches: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon Secondary pouches: telencephalon diencephalon
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1 Telencephalon
2 Ontogenic development of CNS Primary pouches: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon Secondary pouches: telencephalon diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon ---- pons (pons Varoli), cerebellum myelencephalon --- medulla oblongata myelencephalon metencephalon mesencephalon medulla spinalis diencephalon telencephalon
3 Hemispheria cerebri Lamina terminalis
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10 Sulcus calcarinus
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12 Structure of telencephalon Gray matter Basal ganglia Cortex White matter - pathways Projection Commissural Association
13 Basal ganglia ncl. caudatus 2 globus pallidus 3 putamen 4 claustrum corp. amygdaloideum Functionally 5 ncl. subthalamicus 6 substantia nigra globus pallidus + putamen = ncl. lentiformis ncl. caudatus + putamen = corpus striatum
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18 Development of BG Palleostriatum (pallidum) = globus pallidus lat. + med. segment dorsal pallidum ventral pallidum Neostriatum (striatum) ncl. caudatus, putamen dorsal striatum ncl. accumbens ventral striatum Archistriatum corpus amygdaloideum
19 C GP VP VS Pu Ncl caudatus + putamen = dorsal striatum Globus pallidus = dorsal pallidum VS = ventr. striatum (ncl. accumbens septi) VP = ventral pallidum (ncl. basalis Meynerti)
20 Corpus amygdaloideum
21 Functional connections of BG CORTEX STRIATUM THALAMUS PALLIDUM Function of BG inhibition of cortical and subcortical motor functions
22 Cerebral cortex ALLOCORTEX 3-4 layers archicortex a) palleocortex (rhinencephalon) b) Archicortex (limbic system) palleocortex NEOCORTEX 6 layers
23 PALEOCORTEX Bulbus olfactorius Tractus olfactorius Stria olf. lateralis Area piriformis Stria olf. medialis Gyrus paraterminalis
24 ARCHICORTEX Indusium griseum Striae longitudinales Hippocampus Gyrus dentatus Subiculum
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29 gyrus cinguli Limbic system classic conception Papez s circuit (James Papez 1939) tr. mammilo-thalamicus ncl. anterior thalami without specific function ncl. mamillaris fornix gyrus parahippocampalis hippocampus
30 RECENT CONCEPTION OF LIMBIC FOREBRAIN basomedial telencephalon, structures of diencephalon and mesencephalon for emotion and motivation of our behavior Regular structures g. cinguli, g. parahippocampalis, hippocampus, insular cortex, neocortical regions of forebrain - basal frontotemporal regions, orbital cortex area septalis, amygdalar ncll., ventral striatum (pallidum) ncl. anterior et medialis dorsalis thalami, habenulla hypothalamus (ncl. mammillaris)
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33 Brodman s map (cytoarchitectonic map of cortex) 11 regiones 52 areae
34 Functional regions of cortex Primary motor c. (a 4), primary somatic sensory c. (a 3,1,2), primary visual c. (a 17), primary auditory c. (a 41,42) Secondary and association areas
35 Representation of contralateral body parts gyrus postcentralis gyrus precentralis kotníky prsty rty zuby, dásně, čelist tvář rty sensory homunculus motor homunculus
36 White matter of the telencephalon - corpus medullare Fibers commissural projection association
37 Commissural fibers corpus callosum neocortex 2 commissura ant. pars ant.- paleocortex pars post. - neocortex 3 commissura fornicis archicortex
38 Corpus callosum million fibers forceps minor connection of frontal lobes forceps major connection of occipital lobes tapetum roof of the posterior horn
39 Commissura fornicis et anterior
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41 Projection fibers short connections between cortex and BG reciprocal connections between cortex and thalamus long tr. co-sp tr. co-ncl tr. co-ret tr. co-tec tr. co-ru tr. co-bulb tr. co-po capsula interna
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43 crus ant. genu co-ncl crus post.
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45 Association fibers: short (fibrae arcuatae), long fibrae arcuatae cingulum f. longit. sup. f. uncinatus f. longit. inf.
46 Illustrations were copied from: Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/ Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993 Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. Windows Version 2.0
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