What do you NEED to know? AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE. How are the following different? How are the following similar?

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1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE What do you NEED to know? What makes a molecule organic? Which elements are present? How will those molecules be assembled/taken apart? Is it always the same or does it vary? What patterns are present in the groups molecules? How are these molecules used by organisms? How are the following similar? How are the following different? How many carbon atoms are present in the reactants? How many carbon atoms are present in the products? Explain these in terms of biotic and abiotic. 1

2 What makes these so important? Organic Molecules Big Ideas The FOUR major organic compounds (polymers): Monomers and Polymers in macromolecules Monomers (single units) Monosaccharide (simple sugar) Fatty acids + glycerol Amino acid Nucleotide Polymers (single units put together) Polysaccharide (complex sugar) Lipids Protein Nucleic acid 2

3 Double check: Double check to make sure you ve got them filled in. What s a monomer? What s a polymer? How are we going to build monomers into polymers? 3

4 With your lab partner What s the difference between a monomer and polymer? Why aren t we talking about atoms anymore? List 2 monomers and 2 polymers. Give an example of dehydration synthesis? The FOUR major organic compounds (polymers): 4

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6 Polysaccharides: Energy Storage Starch: plant Glycogen: animals 6

7 Polysaccharides: Structural Cellulose: plants Chitin: animals (invertebrates) Review of Carbohydrates Make this table on your own paper With your lab partner Terms: Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Everyday language: What s the difference between a monomer and polymer? What are the four major groups of macromolecules we ll be studying? Give an example of dehydration synthesis. Give 2 examples of polysaccharides. Dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis 7

8 2/24/15 Proteins Four levels of Protein Structure 8

9 2/24/15 Types of Proteins Structural: elastin, collagen, keratin Transport: hemoglobin & membrane proteins Storage: ovalbumin & casein 9

10 2/24/15 Hormonal: insulin & growth hormones Antibodies: IgE, IgA, IgG Contractile: myosin & actin Enzymes: amylase & protease 10

11 Review of Proteins By 1:50 Fibrous structure/hair, nails Source of AAs (milk and cheese) Carry O 2 / cellular transport Regulate activation of organs Muscle movement Immune response protect organism Facilitate chemical reactions Collagen, elastin, keratin Ovalbumin and casein Hemoglobin Insulin Myosin and actin Immunoglobulins Amylase, catalase, protease Be ready to discuss Part 1 of the lab The solutions are on the test make sure you know which tests for what Get to work!!! Test results: Benedict s: monos and dis Color:???? Iodine: poly Color:???? Biuret: amino acids/proteins Color:???? 11

12 By 9:45 Have part II completed Clean up your station test tubes rinsed and clean; hot plates turned off; nice and tidy Get to work!!! AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC MOLECULES Why is the following equation so important? Review with your lab partner: The FOUR major organic compounds (polymers): 12

13 Review of Carbohydrates Review of Carbohydrates Review of Proteins Review of Proteins Fibrous structure/hair, nails Source of AAs (milk and cheese) Ovalbumin and casein Fibrous structure/hair, nails Source of AAs (milk and cheese) Collagen, elastin, keratin Ovalbumin and casein Hemoglobin Carry O 2 / cellular transport Hemoglobin Regulate activation of organs/etc Insulin Regulate activation of organs/ect Insulin Immune response protect organism Myosin and actin Immunoglobulins Muscle movement Immune response protect organism Myosin and actin Immunoglobulins Facilitate chemical reactions Amylase, catalase, protease Facilitate chemical reactions Amylase, catalase, protease 13

14 LIPIDS Fats = 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Saturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated Fatty Acids 14

15 Phospholipids = 2 Fatty Acids + Phosphate Steroids = Carbon skeleton with 4 fused rings not just anabolic steroids!! Steroids (continued) Review of Lipids G Single covalent bonds G Double covalent bonds Insulation, protection, long-term storage of energy, hormone function Produced by animals Insulation, protection, long-term storage of energy, hormone function Produced by plants Boundary layers Four fused rings of carbon Build proteins, stabilize cell membrane 15

16 2/24/15 Review the Lipids: NUCLEIC ACIDS: THE POLYMERS BUILT OF NUCLEOTIDES Nucleotides - the building blocks of nucleic acids DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid 16

17 RNA - ribonucleic acid Nucleic Acid Summary Why is the following equation so important? The FOUR major organic compounds (polymers): 17

18 Review of Carbohydrates Review of Proteins Fibrous structure/hair, nails Source of AAs (milk and cheese) Carry O 2 / cellular transport Regulate activation of organs Muscle movement Immune response protect organism Facilitate chemical reactions Collagen, elastin, keratin Ovalbumin and casein Hemoglobin Insulin Myosin and actin Immunoglobulins Amylase, catalase, protease Review of Lipids Nucleic Acid Summary G Single covalent bonds G Double covalent bonds Insulation, protection, long-term storage of energy, hormone function Produced by animals Insulation, protection, long-term storage of energy, hormone function Produced by plants Boundary layers Four fused rings of carbon Build proteins, stabilize cell membrane 18

19 For the exam: Rewrite the tables in the Organic Molecules notes Draw examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis Practice telling someone the roles of proteins Draw the differences between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids Look at Drawing Biologic Compounds make sure you know how to draw atomic models and the bond types List the properties of water from memory Read the objectives on the guided reading. Explain to someone what you know about them/write what they mean 19