Sport, Health and Fitness Pupil Workbook 2011/2012

Transcription

1 Sport, Health and Fitness Pupil Workbook 2011/2012 Name. Form. Sport(s)......

2 Why have I chosen to take GCSE PE? I enjoy Sport Want a future/career in Sports Industry Improve practical knowledge & ability To continue studying in Higher Education Increase awareness of health & fitness It s a practical subject Broaden my horizons Because I am a legend!??? AN OVERVIEW Good so now we know why you have taken GCSE PE, we can get an overview of the next 2 years. You will have seven 60-minute lessons over three weeks these will be a mixture of practical and theory. In all of these lessons my aim is to make sure that they are interesting and engaging to ensure that you will reach your full potential and get your best possible grade at the end of year 11. But, I cannot achieve your grade for you! It is up to you to achieve that grade. You are responsible for all of your own learning, practical training, assessments, homework, revision, presentations and group work. Specifically I have five main expectations of you: participation; preparation/organisation; positive relations; attendance and enthusiasm.

3 EXPECTATIONS Participation The higher your participation rate the more you will improve and the higher you will achieve. Albert Einstein. You must attend extracurricular clubs in any activity you are getting assessed in. You should be a member of at least one sports club outside of school. Only an injury should prevent you from participating in practical lessons this will always require a note from home. Preparation/Organisation Information is a source of learning. But unless organised and processed in the right format it is a burden and not a benefit. William Pollard. You must come prepared for practical and theory lessons each week. This preparation includes bringing the correct PE kit (see below) and bringing your folder every week. (It is an expectation of the course that you have the new PE kit for GCSE PE. If this is a problem you must tell me at the beginning of the year.) White Socks (indoor) Blue/Red/White Football/Hockey socks (outdoor) Penair Navy Shorts/Skorts Penair Polo Shirt with Logo Penair Rugby Shirts (boys) Penair Sweatshirt with Logo Plain Navy/Black Tracksuit Bottoms Appropriate Sports Training Shoes Studded Footwear (outdoor) Some students may need to gain evidence (usually video) of their performances in the chosen activity, which is verified, by an official coach. Homework will be set every week this isn t because I enjoy spoiling your free time but because I want you all to get an excellent grade! All homework can be ed to me before the date due so that I can print off and have ready for the lesson; or you can print it off and bring it to lessons. If you do not have access to a computer you must tell me at the beginning of the year so that I can make special arrangements for you you cannot use that as an excuse when you have forgotten to do your homework!

4 Positive Relationships If everyone moves forward together, then success takes care of itself. Henry Ford. Student Coach. Their role is to ensure our relationship is good enough for you to achieve the best grade. If you have any problems, approach you student coach to tackle them quickly with maturity and honesty. Work for each other, if one person is being marked, help them out. Your teachers are you examiners So be nice!! We will assess you every lesson. Attendance Children with over 90% attendance at school are more likely to gain 5 or more A-C GSCEs or equivalent qualifications. Her Majesty s Government. Attendance to theory and practical lessons are vital. It is your responsibility to catch up any work missed. Enthusiasm Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. Ralph Waldo- Emersen. You won t always be playing your favorite sport but you will get assessed every practical lesson so embrace the range of sports that you will be participating in. Practical lessons are your coursework! Miss these and miss out. Work hard and push yourself it is more than just turning up and participating Signed (Pupil).... Date:.../. /. Signed (Staff).... Date: 08/09/2011

5 ASSESSMENT DETAILS Your assessment is split into 2 parts: Theoretical Aspects 40% Practical Assessment 60% PRACTICAL COMPONENT You will be comprehensively assessed throughout the year, and in activities, which may not be your choice area. But, within the boundaries of the exam board and logistics of the Sport, Health and Fitness faculty you can also get assessed in any activity, which you think, you have strength. However, your final assessment will come from your best EIGHT practical areas. You will have opportunities to practice some practical in lessons, but will be expected to do work outside of school. But the assessment criteria is quite specific and your EIGHT final assessments have to come from the right areas.read through the next information carefully. You must be assessed a minimum of TWICE as a player/performer and then in any other TWO roles (see The Role of the Participant table). Your EIGHT assessments must also come from at least THREE Ranges of Activity (see table on next page). Phew! The Role of the Participant Player/Performer Organiser Leader/Coach Choreographer Official Description Developing the ability to make effective plans to improve performance. Bringing together all the main ingredients at the right time, in the right place, in order to maximise promotion, participation and high quality performance. An important influence on individuals or groups towards set goals, or on behaviour in sport a specialist in an activity, responsible for preparing a performer in skill acquisition, correct technique, correct physical state or correct mental state. The designer or arranger of a ballet or other staged dance/performance. Someone who controls the activity; interprets the rules, laws or regulations of the activity including checking the equipment.

6 RANGE OF ACTIVITY Skill Activity Success is Outwitting opponents. Games activities. Overcoming opponents in competition by directly affecting each other s performance. Exercising safely & effectively to improve health and well-being. Accurate replication of actions, phrases and sequences. Exploring and communicating ideas, concepts and emotions. Performing at maximum levels in relation to speed, height, distance, strength or accuracy. Identifying and solving problems to overcome challenges of an adventurous nature. Fitness and health activities. Gymnastic activities. Dance activities. Athletics activities. Life saving, personal survival and outdoor and adventurous activities Improving feelings of health, fitness and wellbeing. The ability to repeat actions, phrases & sequences of movement as perfectly as possible. How well a performer or choreographer expresses ideas, feelings, concepts and emotions to communicate artistic or choreographic intentions. Achieving personal best scores or times, and in competition with others scores or times. Overcoming challenges effectively and safely Within each practical assessment, you are assessed in 2 areas: Key process A and B. Key Process A Developing skills for all game activities Key Process B Being creative and making decisions in all game activities You also get assessed on your ability to analyse your own and others performances (Key Process C). This can do this in a number of ways depending on your interests. THEORY ASPECT You cannot achieve a C grade on full practical marks theory is important! At the end of year 11 you will complete TWO 1 hour 30 min written exams. The examination is based on a number of topics (see below), which are studied and reviewed in depth throughout years 10 & 11.

7 THEORY CONTENTS Your folders will be organized in chapter numbers, make sure that everything is kept in correct order it will help you revise in year 11. Contact Chapter Title Year Hours 1 Participant as an Individual Leisure & Recreation Health, Fitness & Active Lifestyles Training & Testing Physical & Mental Demands of Performance Diet & Nutrition Culture and Social Factors Analysis of Performance (Key Process C) Health, Safety & First Aid Media & Sponsorship Competition Types/International Tournaments Sporting Opportunities School and Physical Education Influences Cutting Edge Technology in Sports Sporting Administration Scenario Revision 10/11

8 GLOSSARY Term Abduction Adduction Adenosine tri-phosphate Adrenaline Aerobic energy Agility Alveoli Anaerobic energy Antagonist Antibodies Arteries Autonomic nervous system Balance Blood pressure Body composition Body type Capillaries Carbohydrate loading Cardiac muscle Cardiac output Cartilage Central nervous system Circumduction Closed skills Concentric contraction Continuous training Coordination Creatine phosphate energy system Dehydration Doping Eccentric contraction Ectomorph Electrolytes Endocrine glands Endomorph Enzyme Definition Movement of limb away from the mid-line of the body Movement of limb towards mid-line of body Chemical substance that provides all the energy needs of the body. Must be replenished constantly Hormone that causes rapid increase in heart rate System used when sufficient oxygen is available to meet the demands of working muscles and systems Ability of body to change direction at speed Small air sacs in the lungs where gas is exchanged Production of energy without the use of oxygen Muscles that work with the prime mover/agonist to control movement at joints. As the prime mover contracts the agonist relaxes- VICE VERSA Chemicals in white blood cells that fight infection and disease Blood vessels that carry blood at high pressure away from the heart Part of nervous system that automatically controls bodily functions, e.g. digestion, breathing Ability to maintain body s position above the centre of gravity Force of blood exerted against walls of arteries during pumping of blood about body Relationship between fat and lean tissue of body Use of somatotyping to describe and rate body shape- endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph, - (1-7) Microscopic blood vessels that link arteries to veins Increased intake of carbohydrate before endurance events, leads to increased amounts of glycogen in muscles Heart muscle, beats without tiring Amount of blood pumped out of the heart each minute Tough soft tissue covering and protecting ends of bones, providing shape for parts of the body, acting as shock absorber Made up of brain and spinal cord. It analyses information, makes decisions, and starts action Circular movement of limb about a joint Skills not affected by the environment Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens Working for sustained periods of time Ability to perform complex movements easily System that provides energy instantly but it s stores are limited, and used up quickly Loss of body fluids, usually when working extremely hard Use of illegal substances to obtain an unfair advantage Isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens Body type with little fat, or muscle and a narrow shape Essential dissolved substances that maintain fluid balance Glands that produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream when required A body type, pear shaped, fat Chemicals produced in the body that help in many bodily processes and reactions

9 Exercise Expiration Extension Fartlek Fast twitch Fatigue Feedback Flexibility Flexion Glucose Glycogen Goal Haemoglobin Health-related fitness Health Heart beat Heart rate Hormones Hygiene Input Inspiration Interval training Involuntary muscle Isometric contraction Isotonic contraction Lactic acid Lactic acid energy system Leisure time Ligament Maximum strength Mesomorph Minute volume Motor nerves Muscular endurance Nutrient Obesity Open skills Ossification Output Overload Oxygen debt Peripheral nervous system Physical fitness Plyometrics Power Physical activity aimed at improving health Breathing air and waste products out form the lungs Limb movement, straightening of the joint Speed play- method of training in which we vary the pace and training conditions Muscle fibres that are used for anaerobic activity mainly. They provide fast, powerful contractions, but tire easily Tiredness as a result of physical activity, caused by a build up of lactic acid in the body Information about the outcome of a performance Range of movement possible at a joint Limb movement, bending of the joint Simple sugar used for energy in the body Chemical substance used to store glucose in the body An ambition, or target that we set ourselves Oxygen carrying substance in red blood cells Fitness necessary to maintain good health State of complete total physical, social, and mental well being One complete contraction of the heart Number of heartbeats per minute Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands Good habits to keep ourselves clean and healthy All information about a situation, from the senses Breathing air into lungs Any training using alternating periods of very hard exercise and rest Muscles that work automatically Muscular contraction that results in no movement at a joint, muscle contracts but fibres remain the same length Muscular contraction that causes movement at a joint. The movement can be concentric or eccentric Waste product of muscular action that builds up if oxygen is not available Provides energy to working muscles when oxygen is not immediately available. Lactic acid builds up in working muscles Free time after we have taken care of our bodily needs, our work and our duties Elastic tissue connecting bone to bone, stabilising movement at joints Maximum force that can be exerted against a fixed immovable resistance Body type, muscular, wedge shaped Amount of air breathed in, in one minute Carry information to effector organs from the central nervous system Ability of muscle or muscle group to work very hard for long periods of time Basic food element that provide nourishment for the body More than 20% over the standard weight for our height- our BMI Skills that are affected by whole sporting environment Growth and development of bones Actions decided by central nervous system Principle of training that states that we must work our body systems harder than normal in order to improve them The way we pay back oxygen deficit built up during anaerobic exercise once exercise stops Nerves and sense organs that send information to central nervous system and send orders to working muscles Ability of body to carry out everyday activities with little fatigue and enough energy left for emergencies Training method using explosive movements to develop muscular power, i.e. hopping, bounding Ability to contract muscles with speed and force in one explosive act

10 Prime movers Progression Pulmonary circulation Pulse Reaction time Recreation Repetition max Residual volume Resistance Respiratory rate Reversibility Rotation Sensory nerves Skeletal muscle Skill Slow twitch Smooth muscle Somatotyping Specificity Speed Stamina Strength Stroke volume Synovial joint Systemic circulation Tedium Tendons Tidal volume Total lung capacity Training Training zone Veins Vertebral column Vital capacity VO2 max Voluntary muscle Weight training Or AGONISTS, muscles that are responsible for movement at joints Principle of training that states the amount of work we do must be gradually increased Movement of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, and oxygenated blood is returned to the heart Beating of heart, felt at arteries near surface of body Ability to respond to a stimulus quickly A way of relaxing and enjoying ourselves during our leisure time The maximum weight we can lift a specified number of times Amount of air left in lungs after we breathe out as hard as possible Weight or load against which muscles have to work Number of breaths per minute Principle of training that states that any effects of training are not permanent and will be lost when training stops Turning movement of a body part about the long axis of the joint Carry information from receptor organs to the central nervous system Muscles of the skeleton that are under voluntary control The learned ability to chose and perform the right techniques at the right time, effectively and constantly within a competitive game or activity Muscle fibres designed for aerobic work. Provide slower, less powerful contractions but can keep working for long periods of time Muscles of the internal organs which work automatically Method of classifying body types Principle of training that states the training must be closely resemble the sporting activity Ability to move all or part of the body as quickly as possible Ability of heart and lung systems to cope with prolonged activity Ability of muscles or muscle group to overcome a resistance Amount of blood pumped out of heart each beat Joint containing synovial fluid to reduce friction, allowing a wide range of movement Movement of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart Principle of training that states training must be varied to prevent boredom and overuse injuries Elastic connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones Amount of air breathed in and out during normal breathing Vital capacity added to residual volume Regular physical activity aimed at specific improvements Range of heart rate within which specific training effects will take place Less elastic blood vessels that contain valves preventing back flow that return blood to heart Vertebrae of spine which protect spinal cord Maximum amount of air we exhale after inhaling deeply Maximum amount of O2 that can be transported to and used by muscles during 1 min of exercise Muscles that work under our direct control Using weights as a form of resistance training