Genetics Unit Bell Work September 27 & 28, 2016

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Genetics Unit Bell Work September 27 & 28, 2016 nswer the following questions about the process shown above. 1. What are the reactants in this process? 2. What are the products in this process? 3. Is energy being absorbed or released? 4. Is this process photosynthesis or respiration? 5. his process happens in which organelle? 6. Where does the energy needed for this process come from? nswer the following questions about the process shown above. 1. What are the reactants in this process? 1. What are the products in this process? 3. Is energy being absorbed or released? 4. Is this process photosynthesis or respiration? 5. his process happens in which organelle? 6. he energy produced by this process is placed into what molecule? Summarize how photosynthesis and respiration are different.

2 September 29 & 30, 2016 nswer the following questions about DN and the genetic code. 1. Which of the following is found in the cells of all living things? chloroplasts B nucleus C mitochondrion D genetic material 2. Which of the following molecules holds the information needed to direct cellular processes? phenylalanine C chlorophyll B adenosine triphosphate D deoxyribonucleic acid 3. he information in DN is written according to the genetic code and carried by the - sequence of nitrogen bases C hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases B direction of the phosphate groups D enzymes which unwind the double helix 4. he genetic code describes the way that information is coded in DN. his code is - unique to organisms like a fingerprint C determined by organism s environment B similar between closely related organisms D the same among all living organisms 5. What do we call the shape a DN molecule takes? 6. What are the names of the large structures of DN which are used to package the genetic information within cells? enzymes B ribosomes C chromosomes D vitamins 7. he genetic code is used for translating the information from DN into a protein. his means that sequences of nucleotides are used to determine the sequences of - disaccharides B amino acids C carbohydrates D glycerols 8. he genetic code seems to suggest that all organisms are related. his conclusion is based on the fact that all living things have unique coding systems C every living thing uses the same code B each species has some form of a code D living things pass DN to offspring 9. Write YOUR OWN ending to the rhyme below about the genetic code. HE GENEIC CODE IS COMMON O LL. FROM HE, O HE

3 OCOBER 4 & 5, 2016 nswer the following questions about enzymes. 1. What is the primary role of enzymes inside of living cells? organizing the translation of proteins C absorbing ultraviolet rays B allowing cells to be motile D speeding up chemical reactions 2. Based on their role in the cell, enzymes can also be classified as inhibitors B catalysts C hormones D vitamins 3. Enzymes are a form of which biomolecule? carbohydrates B proteins C nucleic acids D lipids 4. How many types of reactions can each enzyme direct? many very different reactions C all metabolic reactions B one specific reaction D a set of 4 related reactions 5. Enzymes are composed of which of the following monomers? amino acids B acyl groups C nucleotides D monosaccharides 6. Enzymes are able to speed up chemical reactions because they - increase the temperature inside the cell B reduce the friction between the reactants C make the raw materials more chemically reactive D lower the activation energy of the reaction 7. he role of enzymes in the cell is best summarized by which of the following statements? hey control the reaction rate of processes within the cell. B Enzymes carry the blueprints for the entire cell. C hey send signals through the bodies of multicellular organisms. D Enzymes protect the skin from harmful radiation. 8. he primary role of a digestive enzyme would be to build new polymers C break apart large molecules B absorb energy from the sun D slow down harmful reactions

4 October 6 & 7, 2016 Label the diagram shown below with the following terms: 1. Enzyme 2. Substrate 3. ctive Site 4. Enzyme-substrate complex 5. Products 1. Enzymes perform which of the following roles within all cells? slowing down the metabolism C absorbing nutrients from surroundings B catalyzing chemical reactions D carrying the genetic code 2. Enzymes are built from which of the following subunits? nucleotides B simple sugars C vinyl groups D amino acids 3. Enzymes are known as biological catalysts because they - increase the activation energy C speed up chemical reactions B provide nutrition to their hosts D slow down reaction rates 4. Which of the following best explains why most cells contain over 1000 different enzymes? Enzymes can only be used once. C Cells rarely make enzymes correctly. B he cell cannot regulate enzyme production. D Enzymes are specific to a reaction. 5. Enzymes are able to catalyze reactions because they increase cellular temperature C lower the activation energy B inhibit reverse reactions D elevate the ph of the cytoplasm 6. Enzymes are a specific form of lipid B nucleic acid C protein D polysaccharide 7. During photosynthesis, enzymes direct the digestion of monosaccharides B translation of genetic material C release of glucose monomers D construction of sugars 8. he instructions for making all enzymes are found inside of the phospholipids B vesicles C fatty acids D genetic material

5 October 10 & 11, What do we call the process of copying the information from DN into strands of RN? respiration B translation C digestion D transcription 2. he information on a strand of mrn is organized into codons. Each codon is comprised of 3 amino acids B 2 lipids C 3 nucleotides D 2 monosaccharides 3. he process of transcription occurs in which of the following organelles? mitochondrion B lysosome C nucleus D Golgi apparatus 4. In order for transcription to occur, the DN double helix must do all of the following except unwind from its helical shape C separate between the nitrogen bases B bind with RN polymerase enzymes D attach to inhibitors to prevent expression 5. Which of the following nucleotide sequences best represents an RN codon? U B GU C U D GG 6. he process of using the genetic code to convert the information in mrn into a chain of amino acids is called degradation B translation C photosynthesis D transcription 7. he information needed to create proteins is encoded into the DN according to the shape of the double helix C arrangement of the sugars B strength of the hydrogen bonds D order of nitrogen bases 8. he construction of a new chain of amino acids is directed within the cell by the ribosomes B nuclei C vacuoles D vesicles 9. What amino acid is coded for by the codon GU? serine B alanine C arginine D proline 10. What amino acid is coded for by the codon UG? isoleucine B phenylalanine C leucine D methionine 11. Which of the following codons cause the production of a protein to be halted? UUG B UCG C UG D UGG

6 October 12 & 13, 2016 Review: ranscription and ranslation nswer the following questions using your notes if needed. 1. Both DN and RN are polymers composed of the same basic subunits called - sugars B nucleotides C amino acids D lipids 2. Which process is responsible for copying the information found in an organism s genome into strands of RN? translation B mitosis C transcription D photosynthesis 3. Before DN can be transcribed, the DN must unwind and separate between the nitrogen bases B phosphate groups C carboxyl groups D deoxyribose sugars 4. DN is unwound and transcribed through the action of vitamins B polysaccharides C cytochromes D enzymes 5. Which of the following nucleotide sequences could not represent a segment of RN? GGC B CU C G D GUC 6. Chemical signals are detected by receptor proteins in the cell membrane which triggers a cascade affect. his causes a formerly unexpressed gene to activate. his sequence of events demonstrates that the expression of genes is spontaneous B regulated C random D unmediated 7. Which arrow to the right represents transcription? 8. Which arrow to the right represents translation? 9. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs inside of the mitochondrion C nucleus B ribosome D vacuole 10. he translation of proteins is directed and organized primarily through the action of lysosomes B ribosomes C vesicles D Golgi bodies 11. Within a nucleic acid, information is organized into specific codons. How many nucleotides are found within each codon? 2 B 6 C 4 D Each codon found on a strand of mrn codes for a single amino acid. he amino acid is identified based on which characteristic of the codon? the number of nucleotides C the amount of thymine present B the sequence of nitrogen bases D the type of sugar found in each nucleotide 13. gene from one species can be spliced into the genome of an entirely different species and the protein will be made correctly. his provides evidence that the genetic code is different in every cell C the same in all living things B variable between species D unique to each organism

7 Complete the strands of nucleic acid below with the correct nitrogen bases. DN C G C RN C G C U U C DN G C G RN G C U U U Use your codon chart to correctly translate the amino acid sequence coded for by each mrn strand. GUUUGUCC 3 1. What is the sequence of amino acids that will be translated from the mrn above? CUGGUUG 3 3. What is the sequence of amino acids that will be translated from the mrn above? UUGCCGGG 3 4. What is the sequence of amino acids that will be translated from the mrn above? For each of the sections of DN below, use the CODING SRND to determine the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide. emplate Strand: 3 G C C C G Coding Strand: C G G G C 3 mino acid sequence: Coding Strand: C G G C C 3 emplate Strand: 3 G C C G G mino acid sequence:

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