The Harbinger of Spring in Ohio: Skunk cabbage. 1

Transcription

1 The Harbinger of Spring in Ohio: Skunk cabbage 1

2 2

3 Insulating spathe (a modified bract) Heat-producing spadix (a type of inflorescence) 3

4 anther and sepal of flowers of spadix 4

5 THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE New properties emerge at successive levels of biological organization. (levels include molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and whole plants) The cell is an organism s basic unit of structure and function. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. (esp. structural (e.g., cellulose) and energy storage (e.g., amylose, amylopectin & glycogen) polysaccharides) Life s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic information. Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter. (esp. glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Kreb s cycle, electron transport chain, & light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis) From molecules to ecosystems, interactions are important in biological systems. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. (esp. phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, cytochrome c oxidase, & Rubisco) Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment. (CO 2 and photons) The core theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IN BIOLOGY In studying nature, scientists make observations and form and test hypotheses. Science uses many technologies for specific goals of inquiry. (esp. spectrophotometer) Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints. 5

6 41 F 63 F What can we conclude from this figure? Where, and in what form, is the fuel? 6

7 Later, photosynthesis in the leaves will help produce the fuel, but not yet there are no leaves yet! 7

8 Roots Rhizome 8

9 Starch an energy storage polysaccharide and cellulose a structural polysaccharide of the cell wall Starch grain in root cell 9

10 Mitochondrion: Cellular fuel-burning factory (Fig. 6.17) = compartments = membranes 10

11 11

12 Chloroplast: Cellular fuel-generating factory (Fig. 10.4) = compartments = membranes 12

13 Granum Cell wall Stromal thylakoids Granal thylakoids Starch grains

14 Storage (starch and glycogen) and structural (cellulose) polysaccharides (Fig. 5.6) 14

15 Starch includes amylose and amylopectin (Fig. 5.6a) From your book, but it s pretty bad use slide 16 instead! 15

16 Starch includes amylose and amylopectin amylose CPeople/Laurence/fig1.gif amylopectin 16

17 About simple sugars and carbohydrates six slides Fischer projections Fig

18 Haworth projection Fig

19 Haworth projection Fischer projection Haworth projection Fig. 5.7a 19

20 Maltose is a reducing disaccharide; sucrose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is a common energy transport molecule in plant phloem (Fig. 5.5) α-d-glucopyranose linked α (1 2) to β-d-fructofuranose 20

21 From your book, but it s pretty bad use slide 22 instead! Fig. 5.7b 21

22 α (1 4) Amylopectin α (1 6) β (1 4) Cellulose 22

23 Starch an energy storage polysaccharide and cellulose a structural polysaccharide of the cell wall Starch grains in root cells 23

24 Roots Rhizome 24