Carbohydrates. 1. Using the terms provided below, complete the concept map showing the characteristics of organic compounds.
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1 Name: Class: Date: Grade 10 Science Related Reading/Biology Carbohydrates Biology Gr10 1. Using the terms provided below, complete the concept map showing the characteristics of organic compounds. maltose cellulose monosaccharides glucose fructose Disaccharides galactose lactose sucrose polysaccharides glycogen starch Carbohydrates
2 Unit I : Biologically Important Molecules Read the passage below. Then answer the questions that follow. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1. Carbohydrates are a key source of energy, and they are found in most foods especially fruits, vegetables, and grains. The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars called monosaccharides, such as glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), galactose and fructose. Glucose is a major source of energy in cells. It has two structural isomers α-gluocse and β- glucose. The two molecules have the same chemical formula but they have different structural formulas. Disaccharides are double sugars formed when two monosaccharides are joined. This reaction is called condensation. The link between the monosaccharide rings is called a glycosidic bond. For example, sucrose, or common table sugar, consists of glucose and fructose. Polysaccharides are chains of three or more monosaccharides. A polysaccharide is an example of a macromolecule, a large molecule made up of many smaller molecules. Starch and glycogen are examples of polysaccharides. Cellulose, which gives strength and rigidity to plant cells, is also a polysaccharide. It makes up about 50% of wood. In a single cellulose molecule, thousands of β- glucose monomers are linked in long, straight chains. These chains tend to form hydrogen bonds with each other. The resulting structure is strong and can be broken down by hydrolysis only under certain conditions. Critical Thinking Is the compound C 6 H 6 a sugar? Explain your answer. Identify What are the three kinds of carbohydrate mentioned in the text? 2
3 A. Complete each statement by writing the correct term in the space provided. 1. The building blocks of carbohydrates are. 2. If a carbohydrate molecule contained six carbon atoms, it would also contain hydrogen atoms. 3. The carbohydrate that provides support in plants is. 4. is an example of monosaccharides. B. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Which of the following carbohydrates provides energy for living things? a. cellulose c. fiber b. chitin d. starch 2. Which of the following is a monomer of cellulose? a. fructose c. sucrose b. glucose d. cellulose 3. Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide? a. starch c. sucrose b. glycogen d. cellulose 4. Which of the following is a reaction that involves the breakdown of cellulose? a. hydrolysis c. polymerization b. condensation d. hydration 5. An example of a macromolecule is a(n) a. oxygen atom c. monosaccharide b. polysaccharide d. glucose molecule 6. Of the following compounds, the carbohydrate is a. Stearin, C 57 H 110 O 6 c. Cellulose, (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) n b. Thiamin, C12H 18 N 4 O 2 S d. Palmatin, C 51 H 98 O6 7. Plants store glucose in the form of a. Starch c. Glycogen b. Cellulose d. Chitin 3
4 KEY VOCABULARY: C. Each of the following terms was mentioned at least once in the previous text. Write a suitable definition for each. Term Glycosidic bond Definition Condensation Hydrolysis Structural isomers SKILL: READING EFFECTIVELY D. Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 1. What elements form an organic compound classified as a carbohydrate? 2. What does the 2 represent in the proportion given in the first sentence? 3. What three food groups are good sources of carbohydrates? 4. The prefix mono- means one. What word in the text contains this prefix? What is the meaning of this word? 4
5 5.What chemical formula is given in? How many atoms are in a molecule of this compound? 6.What gives wood its strength and rigidity? 7. Which two monosaccharides join to form table sugar? 8. Explain how the structure of the cellulose molecule is related to its role as a component of plant cell. 5
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