Anatomy 2 nd Paper. Past Papers

Transcription

1 Anatomy 2 nd Paper Past Papers September 2010 April 2010 September 2009 April 2009 September 2008 April 2008 September 2007 April 2007 September 2006 May 2006 September 2005 April 2005 September 2004 April 2004 Page 1 of 20

2 September Lateral and oblique radiographs of the lumbar spine a Label structures 1-16 b Draw and label a diagram of the thoracic spinal cord in representative cross-section, indicating the clinically significant and major white matter tracts and gray column nuclei c List normal variants of the posterior bony elements (i.e. everything except the vertebral body) of a vertebra 2 MR of brachial plexus, axial T1W contiguous slices a Label structures 1-14 b Draw and label a diagram of the left subclavian and axillary arteries including their branches and key landmarks c List normal variants of the subclavian artery and its branches 3 MR of knee, coronal PDW contiguous slices a Label structures 1-16 b Draw and label a diagram of the ossification centres around a hip joint, showing approximate times of appearance and fusion c List normal variants of the sciatic nerve 4 Cardiac CT, short axis contiguous 5mm slices Please note the same label in more than one panel refers to one and the same structure. a Label structures 1-15 b Draw and label a diagram of the conducting system of the heart c Illustrate normal variants of bronchial tree segmentation 5 AP radiograph of the abdomen (supine, two separate persons). a Label structures 1-12 B Draw and label a diagram of a transverse section through the upper abdomen at the level of the pancreatic neck c Illustrate normal variants of pancreatic ductal anatomy 6 Ultrasound of the pelvis - female a Label structures 1-12 b Draw and label a diagram of the male urethra including its immediate anatomical relations. Serial cross sections are acceptable c List normal variants of large bowel anatomy (excluding the appendix) 7 Barium swallow, same patient, anterior and lateral views (ap 10) a Label structures 1-16 b Draw and label a diagram of the radiologic spaces and compartments of the infrahyoid neck c List normal variants of parathyroid gland anatomy 8 Temporal bone and skull base CT a Label structures 1-16 b Draw and label a diagram of the nasolacrimal apparatus including key landmarks c Illustrate normal variants of the Circle of Willis arterial anatomy Page 2 of 20

3 April Lumbar Spine Sagittal MR a Label structures 1-14 indicating spinal (inter)vertebral level where appropriate b Draw and label a diagram(s) of the lumbar vertebral canal at an intervertebral disk and/or vertebral body level, identifying key spaces and anatomical structures forming their boundaries c List the levels of the conus medullaris in the neonate, child and adult; list common anatomical asymptomatic variants of its development 2 Wrist MR a Label structures 1-16 B Draw a diagram(s) of the clinically important ossification centres around the elbow and wrist listing times of their appearance and fusion 3 Foot Radiograph (frontal and oblique) a Label structures 1-13 and number where appropriate b Draw and label a diagram showing the key tendons and their relations at the ankle in the transversal plane (perpendicular to the tibia) c List and/or draw five normal variants of foot ossification 4 Thorax CT: Contrast Enhanced Axial Non-Contiguous Sections a Label structures 1-15 b Draw and label a diagram of the left pulmonary hilum showing important anatomical structures (including those not visible with imaging) passing through it or related to it c List (or illustrate) 3 normal anatomical variants of bronchial segmentation 5 Upper Abdominal US a Label structures 1-18 b Draw and label a diagram showing the Couinaud liver segments, and the landmarks for their boundaries on cross sectional imaging c List the sites of potential herniation through the anterior abdominal wall, including boundaries of these sites 6 Pelvis CT, Transaxial plane a Label structures 1-16 b Draw and label a diagram(s) of the prostate gland showing its immediate relations c List and illustrate 5 anatomical variants of the uterus 7 Barium Swallow, Same Patient, Anterior and Lateral Views a Label structures 1-16 b Draw and label a diagram(s) of the fascial spaces of the neck at C6 c List anatomical variants of parathyroid gland development (and list or illustrate anatomical relations where relevant) 8 Brain MR a Label structures 1-18 b Draw and label a diagram(s) of the neural pathways responsible for gross sensation, proprioception and nociception from the periphery to the cortex, showing the neural tracts and sites of their relays c List 3 normal anatomical developmental variants of the brain in the posterior cranial fossa Page 3 of 20

4 September Oblique cervical spine radiograph Label structures 1-9 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the course of the right vagus nerve, indicating key relations. List/indicate landmarks used for identification on cross sectional imaging Draw and label a diagram(s) indicating the level classification of cervical lymph nodes, and the boundaries between the levels 2 Lateral skull radiograph Label structures 1-11 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the somatosensory tracts responsible for gross sensation, proprioception and nociception Draw and label a diagram(s) of the optic pathways, showing key relations and landmarks for identification on cross sectional imaging 3 Hip MR, coronal T1 non-contiguous slices Label structures 1-16 Draw a diagram(s) of the knee in transaxial cross-section at the level of menisci Draw a diagram(s) of the course and relations of the sciatic nerve. Indicate its distribution and list its common anatomical variants 4 Shoulder MR, obique coronal and axial T1 sections Label structures 1-13 Draw and label a diagram(s) showing the axillary artery and its key relations and branches. List/indicate distribution of the branches Draw and label a diagram showing the structures responsible for acromioclavicular stability 5 Pelvic MR, sagittal and coronal T2, axial T1 sections Label structures 1-17 Draw and label a diagram of the prostate gland showing its immediate relations. Draw and label a diagram(s) of prostate sections, showing prostate zonal anatomy List and illustrate 5 anatomical variants of the uterus 6 Coronal CT of abdomen, IV and oral contrast Label structures 1-19 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the course and branches of artery (arteries) which supply the liver, including normal variation Draw and label a diagram of the diaphragm and the major and minor openings in it. Indicate potential sites of defects. 7 Frontal chest radiograph Label structures 1-12 Draw and label a diagram of the cross section of the thoracic cavity at the level of the carina Draw and label a diagram of left and right lung bronchopulmonary segments, and show or list key landmarks used for segment identification on cross sectional imaging. List common bronchopulmonary anatomical variants 8 Transverse CT and MR of thoracic spine Label structures 1-18 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the atlantoaxial and craniocervical junction showing the structures responsible for its stability List 5 anatomical variants of spinal vertebral segmentation Page 4 of 20

5 April Cardiac CT, short axis contiguous 5mm slices Label structures 1-15 Draw and label a diagram showing the electrical conducting system of the heart Draw and label a diagram(s) of the cardiac veins, their relations, and of their frequent or clinically important anatomical variants. 2 Cerebral (internal carotid) catheter angiogram Label structures 1-18 Draw and label a diagram of the hippocampus in cross-section, and indicate its principal connections to other parts of the brain Draw and label a diagram of the corticospinal tracts. 3 Hip MR, coronal T1 non-contiguous slices Label structures 1-16 Draw a diagram(s) of the main ossification centres around the hip, knee and ankle (inclusive of talus and calcaneus) listing times of their appearance and fusion. 4 Barium swallow, same patient, anterior and lateral views Label structures 1-16 Draw and label a diagram(s) showing the origin, course and relations of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Draw and label a diagram showing the location and relations of the parathyroid glands, and list or draw their frequent or clinically important anatomical variants 5 Abdominal CT, IV and oral contrast, coronal 8mm slices Label structures Draw and label a diagram of the stomach showing its arterial supply Draw and label clinically important and common anatomical variants of the pancreatic duct(s) including key anatomical relations 6 Ultrasound of the pelvis female Label structures 1-12 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the male urethra and its immediate anatomical relations. Serial cross sections are acceptable. Draw and label a diagram of the pelvic floor musculature showing and labeling its motor nerve supply. 7 MR of brachial plexus, axial T1W contiguous slices Label structures 1-14 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the carpal tunnel showing its boundaries, landmarks, and contents (including listing variants as appropriate). Draw and label a diagram of upper limb arterial tree distal to the axilla, indicating clinically important and common anatomical variants. 8 Lateral and Oblique Radiographs of the Lumbar Spine Label structures 1-16 Draw and label a diagram(s) of joints of the ribs and of the costal cartilages and their clinically important or common variants. Draw a diagram of the thoracic spinal cord in representative cross-section, indicating the clinically significant and major white matter tracts and gray column nuclei. Page 5 of 20

6 September Upper Abdominal Ultrasound Label structures 1-18 Draw and label a diagram showing the Couinaud liver segments, and the landmarks for their boundaries on cross sectional imaging. Draw a diagram of common normal anatomical variants of the biliary tree. 2 Oblique Radiograph of Cervical Spine Label structures 1-9 Draw and label a diagram of the brachial plexus and its clinically important anatomical relations. Draw and label a diagram(s) of the common anatomical rib variants at the cervicothoracic junction and of clinically important relations affected. 3 Wrist MR Label structures 1-16 Draw a diagram(s) of the clinically important ossification centres around the elbow and wrist listing times of their appearance and fusion. 4 Ankle MR Label structures 1-14 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the knee to show all the clinically important ligaments, the mensici and their associated structures. List and define the four most clinically relevant anatomical bony variants in the hindfoot and midfoot. 5 Cardiac CT, Short Axis Contiguous 5mm Slices Label structures Draw and label a diagram of the typical left coronary artery including its branches. Draw and label clinically important and common anatomical variants of the left coronary artery and its branches. 6 IVP Label structures 1-14 Draw and label a diagram of the anal sphincters and associated structures. List the nerves supplying these structures. List and draw six clinically important anatomical variants of the ureter and kidney. 7 Temporal Bone and Skull Base CT Label structures 1-16 Draw and label a diagram(s) of the internal capsule, its associated structures and its clinically important white matter tracts and their function. List the levels of the conus medullaris in the neonate, child and adult; list common anatomical asymptomatic variants of its development. 8 Lateral and Oblique Radiographs of the Lumbar Spine Label structures 1-16 Draw and label a diagram of a typical intercostal space including its clinically relevant contents. List the origins and functions of these structures. List and define four clinically important lumbosacral anatomical vertebral variants. List and define three clinically important lumbosacral pathological vertebral malformations. Page 6 of 20

7 April What is this projection and how was this obtained? Identify structures 1-9 Draw and label a cross-section diagram of the spine at the level of the C5/6 disc. List the major anatomic relations of structure 4 Name the major structure that passes through number 5 and describe its dermatomal distribution. 2 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-16 Draw a simple labelled diagram of the sacral plexus including its major relations and branches. 3 What is this image? Identify structures 1-15 Briefly describe the immediate anatomic relations of vascular structure 15 Write brief notes on the embryological development of the pituitary gland 4 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-17 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the abdominal aorta and its branches 5 What is this examination? Name the structures labeled 1-13 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the boundaries of the carpal tunnel. List, in chronological order, the timing of the carpal ossification centers. With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the dermatomes (segmental sensory innervation) of the hand. 6 What is this examination? Where is the tip of the catheter, and what structures did it pass through to reach the final destination? Name the structures labelled What are the 3 main branches of structure 5. List the structures which make up the right and left mediastinal borders 7 What is this radiographic examination? Name the structures labelled Which muscles converge to attach at 12? Draw a simple labelled diagram representing an axial section through the knee, at the level of the menisci. 8 Name these MR sequences. Label structures What is the innervation of structure 8? Give a brief account of the arterial supply of the spinal cord including its clinical significance. Page 7 of 20

8 September What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-18 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the anatomy of the Circle of Willis, and list its immediate relationships 2 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-14 Draw a simple labelled diagram of the femoral triangle, including its boundaries and contents. 3 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-13 List the muscles of the rotator cuff, together with their origins and insertions. Name the structure attached to 10. Name the nerves and vessels passing through the notch labelled 9 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the boundaries and contents of the axilla. 4 What is this examination? Identify 1-4 and osseus structures 5-10 Write brief notes on the anatomy and immediate relationships a typical lumbar facet joint. With the aid of a simple diagram, write brief notes on the anatomy and relationships of the duodenum 5 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-14 Give a brief account of the embryology of the kidneys. With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the course and immediate relationships of the right ureter. 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-9 There are at least 10 accessory ossicles around the foot and ankle which may simulate fractures. Name five that occur in the foot and ankle, apart from structure 7. Nerves may be compressed in various fibro-osseus compartments. Name the nerves that run in: i) Tarsal tunnel ii) Guyon canal iii) Carpal tunnel What are normal values for: (approximate values ±10% will be acceptable) iv) Bohler s angle v) Scapholunate angle vi) Lunato-capitate angle vii) Atlanto-dens interval viii) Prevertebral soft tissue width anterior to C2 vertebral body ix) Prevertebral soft tissue width anterior to C7 vertebral body x) Angle between distal radial articular surface and the long axis of the radius 7 What is this examination? Identify structures 1-9 Draw a simple labelled cross section diagram of the spine at the level of a typical lumbar intervertebral disc. What embryological structure gives rise to the nucleus pulposus? Give a brief account of arterial supply of the spinal cord. 8 Label structures 1-13 Where do the coronary arteries arise? What is the venous drainage of the heart? Write brief notes on the foramen ovale Page 8 of 20

9 April What is this projection and how was this obtained? Identify structures 1-9 Draw and label a cross-section diagram of the spine at the level of the C5/6 disc. List the major anatomic relations of structure 4 Name the major structure that passes through 5 and describe its dermatomal distribution. 2 What type of joint is depicted? What movements are possible? Identify structures 1-9 (4 and 5 are fossae). What innervates 1? Draw a simple diagram to illustrate the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa. What inserts at 8 and what are its origins? 3 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled Describe, with the aid of a simple labelled diagram, the segmental anatomy of the liver. 4 Identify structures List the branches of the thoracic aorta. Write short notes on the anatomy and relationships of the oesophagus. List the major anatomic relationships of the structure labeled 13 5 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled 1-14 What are the boundaries and contents of 13? What tendons attach to the talus? With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the blood supply of the foot. 6 What is this examination? Name the structures labeled Using brief notes, describe the course of the right ureter, listing it s major anatomic relations. 7 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the anatomy and relationships of the internal carotid artery, from its entry into the skull base, to its termination 8 Label structures Where do the coronary arteries arise? What is the venous drainage of the heart? Write brief notes on the foramen ovale. Page 9 of 20

10 September What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-18 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the anatomy of the Circle of Willis, and list its immediate relationships. 2 What is this examination? (This patient has had a cholecystectomy) Name the structures labelled 1-13 Discuss briefly, the embryology and anatomic variants of the pancreas 3 Identify structures Name the structures attached to 10 List the muscles that make up the rotator cuff, and their origins and insertions. Name the nerves and vessels passing through the notch labelled 9 List the structures forming the boundaries of the axilla. 4 What is this examination? Identify 1-4 and osseus structures 5-10 Write brief notes on the anatomy and immediate relationships a typical lumbar facet joint. With the aid of a simple diagram, write brief notes on the anatomy and relationships of the duodenum 5 What is this examination? Name the structures labeled 1-13 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the boundaries of the carpal tunnel. List, in chronological order, the timing of the carpal ossification centers. With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the dermatomes (segmental sensory innervation) of the hand 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled 1-17 Briefly describe the course of the Sciatic Nerve List the origins, insertions and actions of muscles labeled 13, 16 and 17 7 What is this examination? List the main parts of the temporal bone. Name the structures labeled 1-15 List the structures that pass through 13 and their relationships. 8 What is this examination? Identify the vessels labeled 1-11 Where does the popliteal artery commence? What is the relationship of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein at the level of the knee joint? What is the course of the anterior tibial artery in the calf? What are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery? During the embryological development of the arterial supply of the lower limb, the primary artery is not the femoral artery. Briefly describe the difference in course between the primary artery and the final femoral artery. Page 10 of 20

11 May What are these 2 radiographs? Name the structures labelled 1-14 List in order, the approximate ages of ossification of the carpal bones. With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, name the boundaries and contents of the carpal tunnel. 2 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-14 Draw a simple labelled diagram of the femoral triangle, including its boundaries and contents 3 What is this radiographic examination? Name the parts of the mandible labelled 1-9. Name the structures labelled With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the anatomy and immediate relationships of the Temporo-mandibular Joint. 4 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-17 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the abdominal aorta and its branches. 5 What is this projection, and how was it taken? Identify structures 1-8 and suture labelled 9. What attaches to 2? Name the boundaries of structure labelled 5 6 What is this examination? Where is the tip of the catheter, and what structures did it pass through to reach the final destination? Name the structures labelled What are the 3 main branches of structure 5 List the structures which make up the right and left heart borders 7 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-15 Draw a cross section of the spine, at the level of C1, including its immediate relationships. 8 What is this examination? Identify structures 1-9 Draw a simple labelled cross section diagram of the spine at the level of a typical lumbar intervertebral disc. What embryological structure gives rise to the nucleus pulposus? Give a brief account of arterial supply of the spinal cord. Page 11 of 20

12 September What is this projection and how was this obtained? Identify structures 1-9 Draw and label a cross-section diagram of the spine at the level of the C5/6 disc. Describe the major anatomic relations of structure 4 Name the major structure that passes through 5 and describe its dermatomal distribution 2 What is this radiographic examination? Name the structures labelled What muscles converge to attach at 12 Draw a simple labelled diagram representing an axial section through the knee, at the level of the menisci. 3 What is this image? Identify structures 1-15 Briefly describe the immediate anatomic relations of vascular structure 15 Write brief notes on the embryological development of the pituitary gland 4 What are these images? Name the structures labelled 1-18 Describe the segmental anatomy of the liver. 5 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled 1-14 What are the boundaries and contents of 13? What tendons attach to the talus? 2. With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the blood supply of the foot. 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled 1-17 Briefly describe the course of structure labelled 14 List the origins, insertions and actions of muscles labeled 13, 16 and 17 7 Identify structures 1-14 List the branches of the thoracic aorta. 3. Write short notes on the anatomy and relationships of the oesophagus. Describe the relationships of 13 8 What is this examination? Identify the vessels labeled Where does the popliteal artery commence? What is the relationship of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein at the level of the knee joint? What is the course of the anterior tibial artery in the calf? What are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery? During the embryological development of the arterial supply of the lower limb, the primary artery is not the femoral artery. Briefly describe the difference in course between the primary artery and the final femoral artery. Page 12 of 20

13 April What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-14 Give a brief account of the embryology of the kidneys With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the course and immediate relationships of the right ureter 2 What type of joint is depicted? Name the structures labelled 1-9 (4 and 5 are fossae). What innervates 1? Draw a simple labelled diagram to illustrate the contents and boundaries of the cubital fossa. What inserts at 8 and what are its origins? 3 Name the structures labelled 1-13 List the muscles of the rotator cuff, together with their origins and insertions. Name the structure attached to 10. Name the nerves and vessels passing through the notch labelled 9 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the boundaries and contents of the axilla. 4 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-11 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the structures passing through the foramen magnum. With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, give an account of the contents and relationships of structure labelled 4. 5 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-18 Describe, with the aid of a simple labelled diagram, the segmental anatomy of the liver. 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-9. Which bones articulate with 1? Name the tendon which attaches to 8, and describe its function. With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the major components of bone labelled 5. Give a brief account of the arterial supply of the lower limb. 7 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-16 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the anatomy and relationships of the internal carotid artery, from its entry into the skull base, to its termination. 8 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-15 With the aid of simple axial and coronal cross sectional diagrams, describe the anatomy and contents of the right orbit. Page 13 of 20

14 September What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-18 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the anatomy of the Circle of Willis, and list its immediate relationships. 2 What is this examination? (This patient has had a cholecystectomy). Name the structures labelled 1-13 Discuss briefly, the embryology and anatomic variants of the pancreas 3 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-11 List the boundaries and ages of closure of each fontanelle With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, give an account of the contents and relationships of structure labelled 4. 4 What is this examination? Identify 1-4 and osseus structures 5-10 Write brief notes on the anatomy and immediate relationships a typical lumbar facet joint. With the aid of a simple diagram, write brief notes on the anatomy and relationships of the duodenum 5 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled 1-14 What are the boundaries and contents of 13? What tendons attach to the talus? With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the blood supply of the foot. 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled Briefly describe the course of structure labeled 14 List the origins, insertions and actions of muscles labeled 13, 16 and 17 7 What is this examination? Identify the structures labeled 1-20 Give a brief account of structure 11, listing its immediate relations 8 What is this examination? Identify the vessels labeled 1-11 Where does the popliteal artery commence? What is the relationship of the popliteal artery to the popliteal vein at the level of the knee joint? What is the course of the anterior tibial artery in the calf? What are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery? During the embryological development of the arterial supply of the lower limb, the primary artery is not the femoral artery. Briefly describe the difference in course between the primary artery and the final femoral artery. Page 14 of 20

15 April What is this projection and how was this obtained? Identify structures 1-10 Draw and label a cross-section diagram of the neck at the C6 level List the major anatomic relations of structure 4 List the ossification centers of a typical cervical vertebra 2 What is this examination? Name the structures 1-16 Describe, with the aid of a simple labelled diagram, of the femoral triangle, including its boundaries and contents 3 What is the name of this radiographic examination? Name the parts of the mandible labeled 1-9 Name the structures labeled With the aid of a simple labeled diagram, describe the anatomy and immediate relationships of the Temporo-mandibular Joint 4 Identify structures 1-14 List the branches of the thoracic aorta Write short notes on the anatomy and relationships of the trachea Describe the relationships of 13 5 What is this examination? Name the structures labeled 1-13 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the boundaries of the carpal tunnel List, in chronological order, the timing of the carpal ossification centers With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the dermatomes (segmental sensory innervation) of the hand 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures 1-9 Which bones articulate with 1? Name the ligament that attaches to 8, and describe its function With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the major components of bone labelled 5 7 What is this examination? List the main parts of the temporal bone Name the structures labelled 1-15 List the structures that pass through 13 and their relationships 8 What is this examination? Identify 1-4 and osseus structures 5-10 Write brief notes on the anatomy and immediate relationships a typical lumbar facet joint With the aid of a simple diagram, write brief notes on the anatomy and relationships of the duodenum Page 15 of 20

16 September What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-14 Give a brief account of the embryology of the kidneys With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the course and immediate relationships of the right ureter 2 What type of joint is depicted? Name the structures labelled 1-9 (4 and 5 are fossae) What innervates 1? Draw a simple labelled diagram to illustrate the contents and boundaries of the cubital fossa What inserts at 8 and what are its origins? 3 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-13 List the muscles of the rotator cuff, together with their origins and insertions Name the structure attached to 10 Name the nerves and vessels passing through the notch labelled 9 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the boundaries and contents of the axilla 4 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-11 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the structures passing through the foramen magnum With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, give an account of the contents and relationships of structure labelled 4 5 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-18 Describe, with the aid of a simple labelled diagram, the segmental anatomy of the liver 6 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-9 Which bones articulate with 1? Name the tendon which attaches to 8, and describe its function With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the major components of bone labelled 5 Give a brief account of the arterial supply of the lower limb 7 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-16 With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the anatomy and relationships of the internal carotid artery, from its entry into the skull base, to its termination 8 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-15 With the aid of simple axial and coronal cross sectional diagrams, describe the anatomy and contents of the right orbit Page 16 of 20

17 April What are these 2 radiographs? Name the structures labelled 1-14 List in order, the approximate ages of ossification of the carpal bones With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, name the boundaries and contents of the carpal tunnel 2 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-14 Draw a simple labelled diagram of the femoral triangle, including its boundaries and contents 3 What is this radiographic examination? Name the parts of the mandible labelled 1-9 Name the structures labelled With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, describe the anatomy and immediate relationships of the Temporo-mandibular Joint 4 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-17 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the abdominal aorta and its branches 5 What is this projection, and how was it taken? Identify structures 1-8 and suture labelled 9 What attaches to 2? Name the boundaries of structure labelled 5 Using a simple diagram, describe the boundaries and contents of opening labelled 3 6 What is this examination? Where is the tip of the catheter, and what structures did it pass through to reach the final destination? Name the structures labelled 1-12 What are the 3 main branches of structure 5 List the structures which make up the right and left heart borders 7 What is this examination? Identify the structures labelled 1-15 Draw a cross section of the spine, at the level of C1, including its immediate relationships 8 What is this examination? Identify structures 1-9 Draw a simple labelled cross section diagram of a typical lumbar intervertebral disc. What embryological structure gives rise to the nucleus pulposus? Give a brief account of arterial supply of the spinal cord Page 17 of 20

18 September What are these 2 radiographs? Name the structures labelled 1-14 List in order, the approximate ages of ossification of the carpal bones With the aid of a simple labelled diagram, name the boundaries and contents of the carpal tunnel 2 What is this examination? Name the structures labelled 1-18 With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the anatomy of the Circle of Willis, and list its immediate relationships 3 What is this radiographic examination? Name the structures labelled 1-11 What muscles converge to attach at 12 Draw a simple labelled diagram representing an axial section through the knee, at the level of the menisci 4 What is this radiograph? Name the structures labelled 1-13 What muscles attach to the following structures 1; 3; 10; 12; 13 With the aid of a simple labelled cross sectional diagram, describe the immediate relationships of the hip joint 5 What are these images? Name the structures labelled 1-18 Describe the segmental anatomy of the liver 6 What is this examination? Where is the tip of the catheter, and what structures did it pass through to reach the final destination? Name the structures labelled 1-12 What are the 3 main branches of structure 5 List the structures which make up the right and left heart borders 7 What is this examination? List the main portions of the temporal bone Name the structures labelled 1-15 List the structures that pass through 13 and their relationships 8 What is this examination? (This patient has had a cholecystectomy) Name the structures labelled 1-13 Discuss briefly, the embryology and anatomic variants of the pancreas Page 18 of 20

19 October What is this projection and how was this obtained? Identify structures 1-9 Draw and label a cross-section diagram of the spine at the level of the C5/6 disc Describe the major anatomic relations of structure 4 Name the major structure that passes through 5 and describe its dermatomal distribution 2 What type of joint is depicted? What movements are possible? Identify structures 1-9 (4 and 5 are fossae) What innervates 1? Draw a simple diagram to illustrate the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa What inserts at 8 and what are its origins? 3 Identify structures 1-13 List the muscles that make up the rotator cuff, and their origins and insertions Name the structures attached to 1 Name the nerves and vessels passing through the notch labelled 9 List the structures forming the boundaries of the axilla 4 Identify structures 1-14 List the branches of the thoracic aorta Write short notes on the anatomy and relationships of the oesophagus Describe the relationships of 13 5 What is this projection, and how was it taken? Identify structures 1-8 and suture labelled 9 What attaches to 2? Describe the boundaries and contents of opening 3 (a simple diagram may be used) Write brief notes on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, including the drainage of the max sinus 6 Identify structures 1-9 Which bones have synovial articulations with 1? Name the tendon which attaches to 9, and describe its function With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the major components of bone 5 Give a brief account of the arterial supply of the foot 7 What is this image? Identify structures 1-15 Briefly describe the immediate anatomic relations of vascular structure 15 Write brief notes on the embryological development of the pituitary gland 8 Identify structures 1-9 What is normally found in space 7? Draw a simple labelled cross section diagram of a typical lumbar inter vertebral disc. W embryological structure gives rise to the nucleus pulposus? Give a brief account of the developmental changes in the position of the caudal end of t spinal cord, in relation to the vertebral column, listing relevant ages and positions Page 19 of 20

20 October How was this film taken? Identify the structures 1-10 State which of these structures contribute to the cranial fossae and the contribution of ea What are the direct relations of the structures numbered 5 and 8? Identify the structures 1-9 How was this image obtained? 2 How was this film taken? Identify the structures (or superimposed structures) 1-10 Describe and explain the different appearances of the cervical pedicles versus the uppe thoracic pedicles, as seen in this radiograph 3 Describe with the aid of a labeled diagram the appearance of a horizontal, contrast enhanced CT of the neck at the level of structure 6 in FILM 2 above Draw a simple diagram of the 2nd cervical vertebra as demonstrated in FILM 2 above, c labelling its elements and articulations 4 How was this film taken? Identify the mediastinal structures and broncho-pulmonary segments which form the interfaces labelled 1-3 How would you assess the size of the heart in this radiograph? How is heart size assessed in a standard P-A adult chest X-ray? What conditions must apply for accurate measurement? Explain What constitutes a significant change in heart size between two examinations? Explain 5 Identify the structures 1-10 Describe by means of a simple diagram the appearance of the radiographic hilar region LATERAL chest X-ray, in a normal adult Explain the different appearances of the left and right pulmonary arteries 6 Identify the labelled structures 1-10 Give a brief account of the ossification of the wrist and carpus including relevant ages 7 Identify the labelled structures 1-20 Describe by means of simple diagrams, the appearances of the lobes of the liver as seen in this radiograph, clearly labelling all structures marking the boundaries between lobes What are the contents of the fissures of the liver? Describe the relations of the pancreas as seen in this radiograph 8 Identify the labelled structures 2,3,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,16,19,22,23 (in any order) How was this film taken? Identify structures 1-10 What are the medial relations of structure 3? Describe the ossification of the acetabulum from birth to maturity Page 20 of 20