38 th Annual Gross Morbid Pathology of Laboratory

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1 The Department of Veterinary Biosciences The OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center 38 th Annual Gross Morbid Pathology of Laboratory Rodents & Lagomorphs Krista M. D. La Perle, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP Associate Professor Director, Comparative Pathology & Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource ACVP GROSS EXAM 100 projected images Parts A & B 1-2 minutes/image shown once! 22 gross images and questions by each of 13 committee members (April) Section leader prepares p draft exam for review by entire committee (May/June) Exam finalized (July/August) Matrix Species Organ System Disease Process 2 ACVP GROSS EXAM Answers should represent the MOST LIKELY interpretation of lesions/diseases presented Be as specific as possible Questions Morphologic diagnosis Etiologic diagnosis Cause Name the disease or condition Histologic characteristics Histochemical or immunohistochemical characteristics Cytologic characteristics Pathogenesis Sequela(e) Associated lesions Associated clinical pathology findings ACVP GROSS EXAM Gross exam coversheet Sample of gross images, questions and answers from 2008 and 2009 exams reviewed at annual ACVP meeting 3 4 MICE MICE Nature 420, 2002 Albino BALB/c FVB Agouti 129 C3H Black C57BL/6 5 6 La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 1

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17 RATS 100 La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 17

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25 RABBITS 148 La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 25

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36 GUINEA PIGS 215 La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 36

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41 GERBILS 243 La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 41

42 HAMSTERS 252 La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 42

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46 PHOTO CREDITS THANK YOU!...QUESTIONS? Sheree Beam Charlie Clifford Hai Nguyen Jo Lynne Raymond Teresa Southard Bruce Williams Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine/Dr. John M. King s Necropsy Show & Tell Brian Caserto Michael Eckhaus Dean Percy Duncan Russell Paul Stromberg Uncited Individuals ACLAM Lab Animal Medicine and Science Series II University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine Noah s Arkive La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs 46

47 38 th Annual Gross Morbid Pathology of Laboratory Rodents & Lagomorphs Krista M. D. La Perle, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP Associate Professor Director, Comparative Pathology & Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource The Ohio State University, Department of Veterinary Biosciences 1925 Coffey Road Columbus, OH P: ; F: ; SLIDE # TISSUE/ORGAN MORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS NOTES 1 TITLE SLIDE 2-4 ACVP GROSS EXAM INTRODUCTION 5 MICE (slides #6-99) 6 COAT COLORS AID IN IDENTIFICATION OF STRAIN/STRAIN-SPECIFIC LESIONS 7 Eye Bilateral cataracts Common in C57BL/6 (+/- microphthalmia) and B6C3F1 mice. 8 Eye Unilateral ulcerative and fibrinonecrotic keratitis Predisposing causes: Anesthesia (ketamine); environmental ammonia Eye, harderian gland Unilateral harderian gland adenoma with exophthalmia Fixed specimen. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 1

48 11 Eye Bilateral suppurative blepharoconjunctivitis or periocular dermatitis Etiology: Corynebacterium kutscheri; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus spp.; Streptobacillus moniliformis; Pasteurella pneumotropica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 12 Eye Focal dorsal palpebral squamous papilloma 13 Ear Focal aural squamous papilloma 14 Ear Differential diagnoses: Auricular chondritis; pinnal squamous cell carcinoma; pinnal neural crest tumor (FVB). 15 Eye, ear, skin Icterus 16 Skin Name the condition: barbering, hair plucking, Dalia effect; trichotillomania Skin Unilateral pyogranulomatous perinasal dermatitis, furunculitis and cellulitis. Note barbering. Name the condition: Botryomycosis. Cause: Staphylococcus aureus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Histologic appearance: pyogranulomatous to necrosuppurative inflammation; gram positive cocci (gram negative rods); Splendora-Hoeppli material. 19 Skin Focal ulcerative nasal dermatitis Note barbering. Mechanical denudation from waters/cages. 20 Skin Multifocal ulcerative dermatitis of C57BL/6 mice Predisposing factor: Genetics (C57BL/6); ectoparasite sensitivity; secondary bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus or S. epidermidis); immune-mediated leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Exacerbated by scratching. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 2

49 21 Skin Focal dorsal cervical ulcerative dermatitis Cause: Fur mites (Myobia musculi; Myocoptes musculinus; Radfordia affinis). Differential diagnoses: Trauma; Staphylococcus aureus; S. xylosus; group G Streptococcus spp Skin Name the condition: Coryneform-associated hyperkeratosis. Etiology: Corynebacterium bovis. Predisposing factor: Immunodeficiency (not hairlessness). 24 Skin Multifocal cutaneous squamous papillomas. Cause: Carcinogen; mouse papillomavirus (Ingle, Veterinary Pathology, 48: , 2011); genotype (Tg.AC transgenic). 25 Skin, tail Name the condition: Ringtail. Predisposing factor: Low humidity; high temperature. Differential diagnoses: Strangulation by cotton nestlets in sucklings; frostbit; mousepox; Staphylococcal ulcerative/necrotizing dermatitis. 26 Skin, tail Multifocal ulcerative (nose, dorsum, tail) to proliferative (hind foot) dermatitis Etiologic diagnosis: Poxviral dermatitis; Ectromelial dermatitis. Name the condition: Mousepox. Cause: Ectromelia (mouse orthopox) virus. Histologic appearance: Epithelial ulceration and hyperplasia; epithelial ballooning degeneration; intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. 27 Tail Coccygeal neural crest tumor FVB mice. Other common location is pinna of ear. 28 Mammary gland Widespread mammary gland hyperplasia. Predisposing factor: Pregnancy; pituitary pars distalis prolactinoma (FVB) Mammary gland Focal to multifocal mammary gland adenocarcinoma(s) Cause: Mouse mammary tumor retrovirus (MMTV); carcinogens; hormones (prolactin, progesterone, estrogen). Mammary tissue can be located anywhere on rodents! 32 Mammary gland/ Differential diagnoses: salivary gland myoepithelioma; mammary gland adenocarcinoma. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 3

50 salivary gland 33 Preputial gland Unilateral preputial gland abscess or suppurative preputial adenitis Cause: Pasteurella pneumotropica; Klebsiella oxytoca; Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus spp. 34 Subcutis Widespread subcutaneous emphysema 35 Subcutis Widespread subcutaneous edema (anasarca) 36 Subcutis Multifocal subcutaneous hemangiosarcomas 37 Subcutis Focal subcutaneous angio-/lymphangiosarcoma Note the unilateral preputial gland abscess Subcutis Bilateral subcutaneous xenografts with unilateral ulceration Subcutis Focal lateral femoral hernia Comparative Medicine 58: , Heart Locally extensive epicardial mineralization Affected strains: BALB/c; C3H; DBA. Histochemical stain to aid in diagnosis: Von Kossa; Alizarin red. 44 Heart Left auricular thrombosis Pathogenesis: Amyloidosis proteinuria and hypoproteinemia loss of antithrombin III auricular thrombosis. 45 Lung Cause: Pneumocystis murina; acidophilic macrophage pneumonia; alveolar lipo-/proteinosis; pneumonia (paramyxo) virus of mice; Sendai (paramyxo) virus in immunodeficient mice; mouse norovirus-1 in immunodeficient mice. 46 Lung Focal pulmonary adenoma 47 Lung Multifocal pulmonary metastases (vertebral osteosarcoma) Various Lymphoma (lymph nodes = 48; thymus = 49; liver, spleen, peyer s patches and lymph nodes = 50) Cause: Moloney murine leukemia retrovirus (MuLV); radiation; chemicals; genotype (SCID and La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 4

51 others) old age. 51 Liver and spleen Histiocytic sarcoma Associated findings: Renal tubular hyaline droplet formation; hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis (erythroid); dysmyelopoiesis (decreased myeloid/increased erythroid) Liver Multifocal to coalescing suppurative to necrotizing hepatitis Cause: Ectromelia (mouse orthopox) virus; polytropic mouse hepatitis virus; Clostridium piliforme; salmonellosis; reovirus-3 (infants); cytomegalovirus (infants); adenovirus (infants). 54 Liver Multifocal to coalescing hepatic cysts Liver Focal hepatocellular adenoma (hepatoma; 55-56) or adenocarcinoma (57-58) Cause: Old age; Helicobacter hepaticus; carcinogen. 59 Liver Multifocal hepatic metastases (renal adenocarcinoma in TRAMP mice) 60 Liver Bilateral renal amyloidosis Pathogenesis: Chronic inflammation macrophages produce IL-1 and TNF serum precursor aposaa in liver degradation by macrophages AA amyloid deposition. Associated condition: Atrial thrombosis; nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria; hypoproteinemia; hypertriglyceridemia/hypercholesterolemia; edema/hydrothorax/ascites); uremia. 61 Kidney/ureter Unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter Cause: C3H, C57L, DDD strains; autosomal recessive mutation in C57BL/6; various genotypes; estrogen implantation in nude mice associated with urine retention. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 5

52 62 Kidney/urinary bladder Cystolithiasis; unilateral hydronephrosis; unilateral ascending pyelonephritis Cause: Proteus mirabilis; Enterococcus sp. and/or Klebsiella oxytoca in NOD-SCID-IL2Rγ (Foreman, Veterinary Pathology 48: , 2011) and C3H/HeJ (toll-like receptor 4 mutation). 63 Urinary bladder Cystolithiasis 64 Urinary bladder Name the condition: Mouse urologic syndrome. 65 Teeth Malocclusion Cause: Genetics (C57BL/6); trauma. 66 Teeth/subcutis Subcutaneous abscess extending from periodontitis, pulpitis and osteomyelitis 67 Salivary gland Salivary gland myoepithelioma Associated condition: Myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow. 8/24 nonthymic tumors in SCID mice (Huang, Comparative Medicine 61: , 2011). 68 Esophagus Diffuse megaesophagus (lower right) Aging 129 mice +/- esophageal impaction and mortality. 69 Stomach Widespread gastric glandular hemorrhage and necrosis 70 Stomach Widespread gastric glandular hypertrophy and hyperplasia 71 Stomach Multifocal forestomach squamous papillomas Cause: Genotype (Tg.AC transgenic); carcinogen. 72 Body/GI Cause: Enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus; rotavirus A (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice-edim); salmonellosis; Clostridium piliforme; reovirus-3; mouse norovirus Intestine Multifocal intestinal adenomas Apc Min mouse. 74 Rectum Rectal prolapse Cause: Citrobacter rodentium (transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia [MAIDS, Fredrickson, La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 6

53 Veterinary Pathology 47: , 2010]); Escherichia coli (immunodeficient mice); Helicobacter spp. (bilis, typhlonius, mastomyrinus [telomerase deficient mice, Eaton, Veterinary Pathology 48: , 2011]); enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus (immunodeficient mice); pinworms. 75 Thyroid gland Bilateral papillary thyroid carcinomas ret/ptc1 transgenic mouse Pituitary gland (skull-76; brain-77) Pituitary gland adenoma (76) or adenocarcinoma with hemorrhage (77) 78 Ovary (whole body) Unilateral ovarian teratoma Histologic appearance: Presence of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, neuro-/ectoderm). 79 Ovaries and uterus Widespread cystic endometrial hyperplasia; Unilateral ovarian cyst 80 Uteri in vivo X 3 Muco-/hydrometra Predisposing factor: Imperforate vagina. 81 Uteri in vivo x 2 Multifocal segmental suppurative endometritis or pyometra Cause: Mycoplasma pulmonis; Klebsiella oxytoca; Pasteurella multocida; imperforate vagina. 82 Uterus in vivo Dystocia; vaginal prolapsed 83 Uterus in vivo Uterine histiocytic sarcoma 84 Penis Penile squamous papilloma 85 Testis (whole body) Unilateral testicular teratoma Most likely strain: Seminal vesicles Seminal vesicular dilatation (right) and contraction (left) La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 7

54 87-90 Bulbourethral gland (whole body) Bilateral cystic bulbourethral glands (all) with unilateral hemorrhage and cholesterol granuloma (89-90) Note discoloration of left seminal vesicle in Reproductive tract (whole body-91) Brain (whole body- 93; skull-94) True hermaphrodite with: unilateral ovotestis and contralateral muco-hydrometra (91); unilateral testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle, and contralateral ovary and uterus Hydrocephalus (top-93; bottom-94) Common in C57BL/6. Fixed specimen (95). 96 Brain (head) Meningo-encephalocele 97 Skull (whole body) Unilateral pyogranulomatous mandibular osteomyelitis, cellulitis and dermatitis Name the condition: Botryomycosis. 98 Hindlimbs Bilateral tibiotarsal suppurative arthritis Cause: Corynebacterium kutscheri; Streptobacillus moniliformis; Mycoplasma pulmonis. 99 Vertebral column/ spinal cord Focal vertebral osteosarcoma with compression of subjacent spinal cord Fixed specimen. 100 RATS (slides # ) 101 Eyes (head) Chromodacryorrhea Cause: Rat sialodacryoadenitis coronavirus; sick rat! 102 Ear (head) Unilateral mild auricular chondritis Histologic appearance: Granulomatous inflammation with auricular chondrolysis. 103 Skin Keratoacanthoma Skin, tail Name the condition: Ringtail. Cause: Low humidity; genetics; high temperature; hydration status; nutritional status. Note gangrenous necrosis in 105. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 8

55 Mammary gland Focal subcutaneous fibroadenoma 108 Harderian gland Unilateral harderian gland necrosis with interstitial hemorrhage and edema Cause: Rat sialodacryoadenitis coronavirus. Fixed specimen. 109 Zymbal s gland Zymbal s gland adenocarcinoma 110 Preputial/clitoral gland Preputial/clitoral gland adenocarcinoma with ulceration 111 Scrotum Widespread scrotal dermal hemorrhage Cause: Kilham s rat parvovirus. 112 Lung Multifocal to coalescing necrosuppurative pneumonia Cause: Corynebacterium kutscheri; Name the condition: Pseudotuberculosis. Fixed specimen Lung Suppurative bronchopneumonia with bronchiectasis Cause: Mycoplasma pulmonis. Fixed specimen (114 and 116). 117 Lung Interstitial pneumonia Cause: Sendai (parainfluenza-1) virus; Pneumonia (paramyxo) virus of mice; Pneumocystis carinii ( rat respiratory virus ); rat coronavirus. 118 Lung Etiologic diagnosis: Pulmonary pneumocystosis. Cause: Pneumocystis carinii; P. wakefieldae. Histologic appearance: Intra-alveolar, foamy eosinophilic material with intralesional trophozoites and cysts OR lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia ( rat respiratory virus ) [Clifford, Veterinary Pathology 46: , 2009; Livingston, Comparative Medicine 61: 45-59, 2011]. 119 Thorax Chylothorax 120 Liver Miliary necrotizing hepatitis Cause: Clostridium piliforme; Salmonella typhimurium; S. enteritidis. 121 Liver Differential diagnoses: Metastatic neoplasia (histiocytic sarcoma, lymphoma, fibrosarcoma); Hepatic abscess La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 9

56 (Corynebacterium kutscheri, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). 122 Liver Cause: Cysticercus fasciolaris (larval stage of Taenia taeniaformis [cat tapeworm]). Associated lesion: Pulmonary arteriolar hypertrophy (Yi, Veterinary Pathology 47: , 2010); fibrosarcoma. 123 Kidney Name the condition: Chronic progressive nephropathy. Histologic appearance: Thickening of glomerular tufts by eosinophilic material, hyaline casts, dilated tubules with flattened epithelium, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lymphoplasmacytic aggregates. Predisposing factor: Old age; male sex; Sprague Dawley strain; high protein diet; immune factors (IgM deposition); hormones (prolactin). 124 Kidney Unilateral nephroblastoma Precursor lesion in Sprague Dawleys is intralobar nephroblastematosis. 125 Urinary bladder Diffuse hemorrhagic cystitis Cause: Cystic calculi; Lewis/Brown Norway rats with hydronephrosis and renal papillary hyperplasia Urinary bladder and kidney (128) Cystolithiasis and unilateral nephrolithiasis with hydronephrosis (128) 129 Abdomen Large granular leukemia involving liver and spleen; icterus 130 Salivary gland Bilateral (left rat) salivary gland necrosis and edema Cause: Rat sialodacryoadenitis coronavirus. Sequela: Squamous metaplasia. 131 Stomach and duodenum 132 Intestines and mesentery Pancreaticoduodenal arterial aneurysm Mesenteric necrotizing polyarteritis with aneurysmal dilatation Cause: Polyarteritis nodosa. Sequela: Rupture with hemoabdomen. Name the condition: Polyarteritis nodosa. Medium-sized vessels in any tissue except lung. 133 Large intestine Etiologic diagnosis: Colonic nematodiasis or colonic oxyuriasis. Cause: Syphacia obvelata; S. muris; Aspiculuris tetraptera. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 10

57 134 Abdomen Hemoabdomen Cause: Polyarteritis nodosa with aneurysm and rupture Abdomen Peritoneal mesothelioma (epitheliomatous-136; sarcomatous-137) Fixed specimen. 137 Thyroid gland (pluck) Unilateral thyroid follicular adenoma 138 Adrenal glands Unilateral adrenomedullary pheochromocytoma (left); contralateral focal adrenocortical hyperplasia (right) 139 Pancreas (gastrointestinal tract) Focal pancreatic insulinoma Associated clinical pathologic finding: Hypoglycemia Pituitary (brain) Chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary pars distalis with compression of the overlying brain (141) Immunohistochemical finding: Immunoreactive for prolactin. 142 Testes (abdomen) Peritesticular, testicular, epididymal and scrotal hemorrhage Cause: Kilham s rat parvovirus. 143 Testis Testicular interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor Associated clinical pathologic finding: Hypercalcemia. 144 Testes Bilateral mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis; unilateral (right) interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor; contralateral (left) testicular atrophy 145 Prostate gland (seminal vesicles, urinary bladder) Widespread suppurative prostatitis 146 Brain Multifocal cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhage and malacia Cause: Kilham s rat parvovirus. Sequela of neonatal infection: Cerebellar hypoplasia. Fixed specimen. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 11

58 147 Brain Focal rostral cerebral meningeal granular cell tumor Histochemical appearance: PAS positive granules within neoplastic round cells. Ultrastructural appearance: Neoplastic round cells containing lysosomes. Note: Meninges of rat, uterus of mouse, bronchi of horse, tongue and meninges of dog. 148 RABBITS (slides # ) Eyes Unilateral (149-right) to bilateral buphthalmia Cause: Congenital (autosomal recessive). Pathogenesis: Absence or underdevelopment of outflow channel of iridocorneal angle intraocular pressure glaucoma. 151 Eye, nose Name the condition: Fibromatosis. Cause: Shope fibroma leporipoxvirus. Histologic appearance: Dense subcutaneous fibroblast proliferation with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and heterophilic inflammation. 152 Eye Name the condition: Myxomatosis. Cause: Myxomatosis leporipoxvirus. Histologic appearance: Proliferation of subcutaneous mesenchymal stellate cells interspersed within a mucinous/myxomatous matrix, degeneration to hyperplasia of overlying epidermis and follicular epithelium with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. 153 Head Torticollis Cause: Pasteurella multocida-induced unilateral. 154 Eye Lipid keratopathy Pathogenesis: LDL receptor deficient Watanabe rabbit hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia lipid keratopathy. 155 Eye Episcleral abscess Cause: Pasteurella multocida. 156 Eye Cataract Cause: Encephalitozoon cuniculi. 157 Ears Unilateral (left) suppurative otitis media Cause: Pasteurella multocida. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 12

59 158 Ear Differential diagnoses: Shope fibroma; aural squamous papilloma Ear Proliferative otitis externa Etiologic diagnosis: Aural acariasis. Cause: Psoroptes cuniculi Skin, foot (161) Fibroma, carpal (161) or cutaneous/dermal (162) Cause: Shope fibroma leporipoxvirus. 163 Head Ventral cervical subcutaneous abscess Cause: Pasteurella multocida. 164 Skin (body) Exfoliative dermatitis Cause: Cheyletiella parasitovorax. OR Associated condition: Thymoma. 165 Perineum Ulcerative and exudative perineal dermatitis Cause: Treponema paraluiscuniculi. Name the condition: Venereal spirochetosis; vent disease; rabbit syphilis. Methods to confirm diagnosis: Warthin-Starry Histochemical stain; dark-field microscopy. 166 Feet Bilateral ulcerative pododermatitis Cause: Staphylococcus aureus. Predisposing factor: Poor sanitation; wire bottom cages; hereditary. Name the condition: Sore hocks. 167 Mammary gland Multifocal mammary gland dysplasia Associated condition: Prolactin-producing acidophil adenoma of the pituitary pars distalis. 168 Mammary gland Locally extensive necrohemorrhagic mastitis Cause: Pasteurella multocida; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae. 169 Aorta Multifocal aortic atherosclerosis Pathogenesis: LDL receptor deficient Watanabe rabbit hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis. 170 Nose, front feet Mucopurulent rhinitis Cause: Pasteurella multocida. Name the La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 13

60 condition: Snuffles. 171 Nose Nasal hyperkeratosis Cause: Treponema paraluiscuniculi. 172 Nose Name the condition: Myxomatosis. Differential diagnosis: Cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in New Zealand White causing ptyalism (Comparative Medicine 59: , 2009). 173 Nose Epistaxis Cause: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease calicivirus. 174 Nasal cavity Bilateral mucopurulent rhinosinusitis Cause: Pasteurella multocida. Name the condition: Snuffles. 175 Nasal cavity Bilateral turbinate atrophy Cause: Pasteurella multocida. Name the condition: Snuffles. 176 Lung Bilateral suppurative bronchopneumonia Cause: Pasteurella multocida; Bordatella bronchiseptica. 177 Lung Multifocal pulmonary abscesses Cause: Pasteurella multocida. 178 Lung Multifocal pulmonary hemorrhages Cause: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease calicivirus. 179 Lung Pulmonary metastases of uterine adenocarcinoma 180 Thymus (pluck) Thymoma Associated condition: Exfoliative dermatitis. 181 Teeth Malocclusion 182 Tongue Ventral lingual papillomatosis Cause: Rabbit oral papillomavirus. 183 Stomach Gastric trichobezoar Possible sequela: Gastric rupture with peritonitis. Predisposing factor: Excessive grooming; insufficient roughage; decreased gastric motility; La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 14

61 sedentary lifestyle. 184 Stomach Multifocal gastric ulcers 185 Stomach Multifocal gastric lymphoma 186 Intestines, mesentery Proliferative enteritis Cause: Lawsonia intracellularis. Histochemical stain: Warthin-Starry silver stain. 187 Intestinal tract Necrohemorrhagic enterotyphlocolitis Cause: Clostridium piliforme. Name the condition: Tyzzer s disease. 188 Intestinal tract Hemorrhagic typhlitis Cause: Clostridium piliforme; C. difficile; C. perfringens; C. piliforme; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Eimeria intestinalis; E. flavenscens. 189 Intestinal tract Necrohemorrhagic typhlitis Cause: Clostridium spiroforme. Pathogenesis: Disruption of gut flora bacterial colonization and proliferation spiroforme iota toxin production secretory and vascular changes necrosis and hemorrhage. 190 Large intestine Name the condition: Mucoid enteropathy; mucoid enteritis; bloat; hypoamylasemia. Fixed specimen. 191 Abdomen Miliary necrotizing hepatitis; necrohemorrhagic typhlocolitis Cause: Clostridium piliforme. Name the condition: Tyzzer s disease. 192 Thorax, abdomen Pulmonary congestion, hemorrhage and edema; renal hemorrhage; multifocal hepatic necrosis Cause: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease calicivirus. 193 Abdomen Lymphoma involving the liver, spleen and Peyer s patch 194 Abdomen Carcinomatosis (uterine origin) La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 15

62 Liver Hepatic lipidosis Predisposing factor: Obesity; fasting; pregnancy/postpartum; hereditary (LDL receptor deficient Watanabe). 197 Liver Miliary to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis Cause: Clostridium piliforme; Francisella tularensis; Listeria monocytogenes; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; Staphylococcus aureus Liver Multifocal biliary cystic ectasia ( ) to diffuse biliary papillary hyperplasia or proliferative cholangitis with cystic ectasia ( ) Cause: Eimeria stiedae. Name the condition: Hepatic coccidiosis. 202 Liver Multifocal biliary cysts 203 Kidney Granulomatous interstitial nephritis with cortical atrophy and fibrosis Cause: Encephalitozoon cuniculi. 204 Kidney Bilateral diffuse renal corticomedullary tubular lipidosis Pathogenesis: LDL receptor deficient Watanabe rabbit hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis. 205 Kidney Bilateral widespread renal lymphoma 206 Kidney Nephroblastoma 207 Pituitary, brain Acidophil adenocarcinoma of the pituitary pars distalis with compression of the overlying brain Immunohistochemical feature: Immunoreactive for prolactin. Associated condition: Mammary gland dysplasia. Fixed specimen Uterus Multifocal endometrial venous aneurysms Associated clinical sign: Vaginal hemorrhage; hematuria. Fixed specimen (209). La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 16

63 210 Uterus Muco-/hydrometra Uterus Focal (211) to multicentric (212) uterine adenocarcinoma 213 Uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva Vaginal prolapsed Fixed specimen. 214 Prepuce, penis Chronic ulcerative and proliferative balanoposthitis Cause: Treponema paraluiscuniculi. 215 GUINEA PIGS (slides # ) 216 Eye Ocular dermoid 217 Eye Seropurulent conjunctivitis Cause: Chlamydophila caviae. 218 Ears, brain Bilateral suppurative otitis media Cause: Streptococcus pneumoniae; S. zooepidemicus; Bordatella bronchiseptica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fixed specimen. 219 Skin (body) Etiologic diagnosis: Cutaneous dermatophytosis. Cause: Trichophyton mentagrophytes; Microsporum canis. 220 Skin (body) Etiologic diagnosis: Cutaneous demodecosis. Cause: Demodex caviae. 221 Skin (body) Name the condition: Scabies; sarcoptic mange. Cause: Trixacarus caviae. 222 Foot Multifocal ulcerative pododermatitis Cause: Staphylococcus aureus. Predisposing factor: Trauma; poor sanitation. Name the condition: Bumblefoot. 223 Mammary gland Focal necrohemorrhagic mastitis Cause: Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Streptococcus zooepidemicus. 224 Heart Widespread myocardial rhabdomyomatosis Histologic appearance: Vacuolated cardiac La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 17

64 myofibers containing granular to eosinophilic cytoplasm (glycogen). Histochemical stain: PAS. 225 Heart (pluck) Hemopericardium 226 Aorta Segmental aortic mineralization Name the condition: Metastatic mineralization. Cause: Diets low in calcium and/or magnesium, or high in phosphorus. 227 Lung Bilateral suppurative bronchopneumonia Cause: Bordatella bronchiseptica. 228 Lung Bilateral necrotizing bronchiolitis Cause: Guinea pig/caviae adenovirus. Rib impressions suggest concurrent interstitial disease due to parainfluenza-3 paramyxovirus infection. Fixed specimen Head, lymph nodes Multifocal suppurative cervical lymphadenitis Cause: Streptococcus zooepidemicus. 231 Lymph node Widespread suppurative lymphadenitis Cause: Streptococcus zooepidemicus. 232 Intestinal tract, lymph node Necrosuppurative or caseating mesenteric lymphadenitis Cause: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Name the condition: Pseudotuberculosis. 233 Head, lymph nodes Lymph nodes, lymphoma 234 Liver Hepatic lipidosis Name the condition: Pregnancy toxemia or ketosis; fasting ketosis or metabolic/nutritional form (no necrosis). Clinical pathological finding: Hypoglycemia; ketosis; hyperlipidemia. 235 Liver Multifocal hepatic abscesses Cause: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. 236 Kidney Name the condition: Segmental nephrosclerosis. Fixed specimen. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 18

65 237 Teeth Malocclusion Name the condition: Slobbers. 238 Ribs, colon, kidney, stomach, spleen Intercostal myofiber mineralization; colonic mineralization; gastric mineralization Name the condition: Metastatic mineralization. Cause: Diets low in calcium and/or magnesium, or high in phosphorus Ovaries, uterus Bilateral cystic rete ovarii 241 Uterus, ovaries Multifocal suppurative endometritis Cause: Bordatella bronchiseptica; Streptococcus zooepidemicus; S. pneumoniae. 242 Body Multifocal intramuscular and periarticular hemorrhages Name the condition: Scurvy. Pathogenesis: dietary vitamin C lack of L-gulonolactone oxidase L-ascorbic acid lack of activation of prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases hydroxylation of procollagen inadequate collagen cross linkage impaired formation of collagenous support of blood vessels. Other species affected: Primates; fruit-eating bats; some birds; some fish; cetaceans (whales/dolphins). 243 GERBILS (slides # ) 244 Skin, nose Nasal ulcerative to exudative dermatitis Pathogenesis: Porphyrin-containing Harderian gland secretions nasolacrimal duct nares to no grooming chemical irritation dermatitis +/- Staphylococcus xylosus or S. aureus infection. Diagnostic test: UV fluorescence (+ culture). 245 Spleen Splenic amyloidosis (top) Majority of cases are secondary to chronic renal La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 19

66 disease (glomerulonephropathy). 246 Liver (abdomen) Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis Cause: Clostridium piliforme. Name the disease: Tyzzer s disease. Differential diagnosis: Salmonella typhimurium. 247 Adrenal gland, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, bladder Unilateral adrenocortical adenoma; bilateral ovarian cysts 248 Ovaries (body) Bilateral ovarian cysts 249 Kidneys, ovaries, uterus Unilateral ovarian granulose cell tumor Body Conjoined twins Fixed specimen. 252 HAMSTERS (slides # ) 253 Skin (body) Etiologic diagnosis: Cutaneous demodecosis. Cause: Demodex criceti (epidermal pits); D. aurati (hair follicles and sebaceous ducts) Skin (body) Multifocal cutaneous/epidermotropic lymphoma Name the disease: Mycosis fungoides. Note: Hamster polyoma virus causes transmissible (visceral) lymphoma. 256 Skin (body) Multifocal cutaneous trichoepitheliomas Cause: Hamster polyoma virus. 257 Subcutis (body) Diffuse ventral subcutaneous edema (anasarca) Cause: Glomerulonephropathy; amyloidosis; atrial thrombosis; polycystic liver disease; cirrhosis; proliferative ileitis. 258 Heart Left auricular/atrial thrombosis Cause: Amyloidosis; glomerulonephropathy. La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 20

67 Liver Multifocal to coalescing( 260) hepatic cysts with atrophy and loss (260) Name the condition: Polycystic disease. Color change due to autolysis (259). Fixed specimen (260). 261 Liver Hepatic amyloidosis 262 Kidneys Bilateral renal amyloidosis 263 Kidneys Bilateral renal glomerulonephropathy (right) Sequela: Nephrotic syndrome (anasarca); uremia; atrial thrombosis. 264 Kidneys Bilateral renal glomerulonephropathy (upper right); bilateral renal amyloidosis (below) 265 Perineum Name the condition: Wet tail. Cause: Clostridium piliforme; Escherichia coli; C. difficile; Salmonella enteritidis; S. typhimurium; Lawsonia intracellularis. 266 Intestinal tract (body) Intestinal tract (abomen) 269 Adrenal gland, kidneys 270 Male caudal abdomen Hemorrhagic enterocolitis Proliferative ileitis (267)/enteritis (268) Unilateral adrenocortical carcinoma with hemorrhage Peri-testicular/epididymal cysts Cause: Clostridium difficile. Cause: Lawsonia intracellularis. Histochemical stain: Warthin-Starry silver stain. Name the condition: Polycystic disease. 271 PHOTO CREDITS 272 THANK YOU! QUESTIONS? La Perle-2011 CL Davis Gross-Rodents & Lagomorphs Page 21