Hillcrest High School 2010 Living Environment Regents Review Lesson 5 Life Functions Day 2

Transcription

1 Hillcrest High School 2010 Living Environment Regents Review Lesson 5 Life Functions Day 2 1. Which set of terms best identifies the letters in the diagram below? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 2. Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? (1) diffusion (2) photosynthesis (3) respiration (4) active transport 3. What does the process of photosynthesis produce? (1) starch, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis (2) protein, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis (3) glycerol, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis (4) glucose, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis 4. Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of (1) carbohydrate and oxygen (2) carbohydrate and nitrogen (3) polypeptide and oxygen (4) polypeptide and nitrogen 5. The graphs below show the changes in the relative concentrations of two gases in the air surrounding a group of mice. Which process in the mice most likely accounts for the changes shown? (1) active transport (2) evaporation (3) respiration (4) photosynthesis Page 1 Lesson 5

2 6. Base your answer to the following question on the two processes represented below and on your knowledge of biology. 10. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. In both processes, the X represents (1) catalysts (2) hydrogen acceptors (3) monosaccharides (4) hormones 7. Which three substances must be present in mitochondria for the process of aerobic respiration to take place? (1) chlorophyll, enzymes, and carbon dioxide (2) food molecules, enzymes, and carbon dioxide (3) oxygen, enzymes, and chlorophyll (4) oxygen, enzymes, and organic molecules 8. What is represented by X in the summary equation for aerobic respiration below? Which is a true statement about the relationship of ph and enzyme action (1) All enzymes work best at a neutral ph. (2) Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme (3) Enzymes function only in a ph range of 4.0 to 5.5. (4) The activity of an enzyme is affected by ph. 11. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. (1) ATP (2) ADP (3) lactic acid (4) ethyl alcohol 9. Which statement is true concerning enzymes? (1) enzymes prolong chemical reactions (2) enzymes have no special function and are nonreusable (3) enzymes are specialized proteins (4) enzymes can be denatured by water Which two enzymes would function in a region of the human body having a neutral ph? (1) A and B (2) B and C (3) C and D (4) B and D Page 2 Lesson 5

3 Base your answer to questions 12 and 13 on the graph below which represents the rate of action of four different enzymes at varying temperatures. 12. Which enzyme begins its action at the highest temperature? 13. For which enzyme is the maximum rate of enzyme action achieved at 10ºC? 14. In the reaction illustrated in the diagram below, which structure represents the enzyme? 15. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below that represents a human enzyme and four types of molecules present in a solution in a flask. Which molecule would most likely react with the enzyme? Why? Page 3 Lesson 5

4 16. Which situation is not an example of the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in an organism? (1) Guard cells contribute to the regulation of water content in a geranium plant. (2) Water passes into an animal cell causing it to swell. (3) The release of insulin lowers the blood sugar level in a human after eating a big meal. (4) A runner perspires while running a race on a hot summer day. 17. Which statement illustrates how human activities can most directly change the dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem? (1) A hurricane causes a stream to overflow its banks. (2) Increased wind increases water evaporation from a plant. (3) Water pollution causes a decrease in fish populations in a river. (4) The ozone shield helps prevent harmful radiation from reaching the surface of Earth. 18. The hormone FSH stimulates the development of a follicle in the human female. As the follicle develops, it secretes estrogen. A high level of estrogen decreases the secretion of FSH. This mechanism is an example of (1) cell differentiation (2) in vitro fertilization (3) positive tropism (4) negative feedback 19. The diagram below shows the interaction between blood sugar levels and pancreatic activity. This process is an example of (1) a feedback mechanism maintaining homeostasis (2) an immune system responding to prevent disease (3) the digestion of sugar by insulin (4) the hormonal regulation of gamete production Page 4 Lesson 5

5 20. An increase in the level of thyroxin in the blood inhibits the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone. This mechanism illustrates (1) negative feedback (2) enzymatic synthesis (3) osmotic regulation (4) enzyme specificity 21. The data in the graph below show evidence of disease in the human body. A disruption in dynamic equilibrium is indicated by the temperature change between points (1) A and B (2) B and C (3) C and D (4) E and F Page 5 Lesson 5