Histological investigation of the cells in colon one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

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1 Histologil investigtion of the ells in olon one humpe mel (Cmelus romerius) 1 Bh. F. Al-Hussny, 1 Th. A. Ass, 2 Mortet Al-Mehtiy 1 Deprtment of Antomy n Histology, Fulty of Veterinry Meiine University of Bgh 2 Deprtment of Antomy n Histology, Fulty of Veterinry Meiine University of Kuf Summry The im of this investigtion is to etermine the most of the ells in olon, n the min slient ifferenes of the lyers n tuni whih ws resse here not ll. The olon ws hrterize y elite lining tht is moisturize y muus n lso y gel tht is yprout of teril fermenttion. This stuy ws performe in three helth mels whih ontin ifferent segments of the olon (proximl nz, entripetl, entrifugl, n istl nz), retum n nus were histologilly exmine. The epithelium fing the lumen of the olon is overe with openings of tuulr intestinl glns tht penetrte eep into the thik muos. The glns onsist of sorptive ells tht sor wter n golet ells tht serete muus. In ition, the sttere Pneth ells were oserve whih given role in regultion of norml teril flor of the smll intestine. Introution The primitive gut (olon emryology) is ivie into foregut, migut n hingut. Migut gives rise to the eum, sening olon n right 75% of trnsverse olon (lso in ition to the istl uoenum to ileum). Hingut evelops into reminer of trnsverse olon to no-retl line. Thus, the olon egins where the smll intestine ens n extens own to the nus. The olon is tully my e onsiere s the min omponent of the lrge intestine. The shorter of the two intestinl groups, the lrge intestine, onsists of ifferent prts (segments) with vrious funtions. The segments of these prts re: the trnsverse olon, sening olon, ppenix (when present), esening olon, retum n nus (3). One of the funtion of the olon is to sorption of vitmins B n K, some eletrolytes (N + n Cl ), n most of the remining wter, to form stools, n to eliminte it (5). The olon is struture s one long ontinuous hollow tue, n it is musulr tue ompose of lymphti tissue, loo vessels, onnetive tissue, n speilize musles for rrying out the tsks of 1

2 wter sorption n wste removl (7). The lumen (interior) of the olon hs elite lining epithelium. The olon epithelium hs lrge numer of golet ells whih serete muus thus i in luriting the pssge of wste through the entire length of the olon. This moist lining lso protets unerlying tissues n the nerve enings tht exten own into the olon wll (2). The GALT (gut ssoite lymphti tissue), omprising Peyer's pthes, lmin propri lymphoytes n intr-epithelil lymphoytes of the intestine, is populte y lymphoytes tht migrte there from the vsulture (9). Due to the srity of informtion on the one humpe mel, this stuy ws unertken to esrie the histology of the olon n try to relte the finings to the orgn funtion whenever possile. Mterils n methos Speimens were ollete from three one humpe mel (Cmelus romerius). One entimeter of ifferent segments of the olon (proximl nz, entripetl, entrifugl, n istl nz), retum n nus were fixe in 10% formlehye in phosphte-uffere sline (PBS) t ph 7.4 for 48 hours t room temperture. After fixtion for 48 hours, the tissues were proesse following stnr histologil proeure [ehyrtion with n sening gre of lohol, lering in xylene n impregntion (emeing) in liqui prffin wx] ws performe. Immeitely fter emeing, the speimens were proesse for histology using stnr histologil tehniques (10). The tissues were setione t 5 µm thik n ollete on glss slies. The smples were stine with hemtoxylin n eosin (H&E) for routine histologil proeure, s well s for emonstrtion of the glnulr tissue. The slies were then ippe in xylene n mounte with over slip using DPX mounting meium. The slies were exmine uner light mirosope to stuy the generl morphology n histology of olon. Results Antomilly ifferent segments of the mel olon re unique in their onvolutions (nz) n to ertin egree similr to the olon of the porine (3, 4, 6). The lining epithelium of the entire olon is simple olumnr with lrge numer of golet ells (Fig. 1). The glns re simple stright tuulr with lrge numer of golet ells sttere minly in the upper portion of the glns (Fig. 2). Bloo pillries n few rterioles exten lose to the surfe epithelium in the 2

3 lmin propri of loose onnetive tissue (Fig. 3). Lymphoytes n plsm ells re preominnt ell types within the lmin propri of the olon. At the se of the olon glns the golet ells erese in numer. Nulei of these glns re lote t the se of the seretory tuules ue to the lrge mount of muus within the ells. Sttere Pneth ells were oserve in reltively lrge numer (Fig. 4). These ells ontin esinophili grnules whih serete ntiteril lyzozymes store within smll vesile n hve sophli sl ytoplsm. Reltively thin musulris muos is lwys present elow the glns seprting the lmin propri from the tuni sumuos (Fig. 5). In few regions of the tuni sumuos, smll ggregtion of lymphoi tissues (Gut Assoite Lymphoi Tissue-GALT) ws oserve. However, lymphoytes of ifferent sizes s well s plsm ells were lwys present within the lmin propri n within the GALT re etete (Fig. 6). The tuni sumuos is regulr onnetive tissue with loo vessels, n lymphtis sttere within it. Sumuosl nerve plexus n gngli were present insie the tuni sumuos (Fig. 7). The tuni musulris ppere to onsist of reltively thik inner irulr lyer n muh smller outer longituinl ell lyers (Fig. 5). Inner irulr lyer ppere to e onsiste of two lyers of lmost equl sizes seprte y thin intermusulr onnetive tissue. Myenteri nerve plexus n gngli were lwys present etween the outer n the inner musulr lyers. Bloo vessels, lymphtis n nerve fiers re preominnt tissue within the reltively thin tuni seros. Simple squmous epithelium (mesothelil) ells over the outer surfe of the tuni seros. The terminl portion of the olon is onnete to the retum whih is histologilly similr to the olon with the exeption of the presene of lrge mount of GALT n sometimes iffuse lymphti tissue within the tuni propri sumuos. The lst segment t the retum nus juntion showe n rupt hnge from simple olumnr to kertinize strtifie squmous epithelium (Fig. 8). GALT/ lymphoi follile re present lose to the externl opening (Fig. 8). The sl lyer of the epithelium ppere to hve lrge numer of melnin grnules whih inite the presene of melnoytes in this region (Fig. 9). At the externl surfe of the nl region, hir follile n rteriovenous nstomosis were sttere elow the surfe epithelium (Fig. 10). 3

Tuni sumuos, g. Tuni musulris 1 Figure 2.

4 e f g Figure 1. One humpe mel olon stine with H & E stin. Mg. x150.. Surfe epithelium,. Simple stright tuulr gln,. Bse of the gln,. Lmin propri, e. Lmin musulris muos, f. Tuni sumuos, g. Tuni musulris 1 Figure 2. Coloni gln with lrge numer of golet ells () n loose onnetive tissue etween the glns, lmin propri () stine with H & E stin, Mg. x

5 Figure 3. Simple olumnr epithelium t the surfe of the olon one humpe mel () n smll loo pillry rehing lose to the surfe epithelium () stine with H & E stin, Mg. x

6 Figure 4. Cross setion t the se of the oloni glns stine with H & E stin. Mg. x Pneth ells,. Lmin propri,. Bsl nulei of the oloni gln,. Lumen of the gln 4 6

7 e f Figure 5. Cross setion of the entire wll of the olon showing ll tunis, stine with H & E stin, Mg. x 140,. Tuni muos fille with glns,. musulris muos,. Tuni sumuos,. Inner lyer of the tuni musulris, e. Outer lyer of the tuni musulris, f. Tuni seros 5 7

8 6 Figure 6. Surfe region of the mel olon. Stine with H & E stin, Mg. x Simple olumnr epithelium,. Golet ell,. Plsm ell,. Lymphoyte 8

9 e Figure 7. Histologil setion t the tuni muos/sumuos juntion showing sumuosl gngli (), sumuosl nerve plexus (), loo vessel (), musulris muos () n se of gln in the tuni muos (e). H & E Stin, Mg. x

onnetive tissue (), lymphoi follile (), n hir follile (). H & E Stin, Mg. x 150.

10 Figure 8. Histologil setion t the nl region showing kertinize strtifie squmous epithelium (), onnetive tissue (), lymphoi follile (), n hir follile (). H & E Stin, Mg. x Figure 9. Higher mgnifition of outer surfe of the nl region of one humpe mel showing kertinize strtifie squmous epithelium (), rtift ue to setioning (), melnin pigment t 10

the sl ell lyer of the epiermis (), n onnetive tissue in the ermis (). H & E Stin, Mg. x 200. 10 Figure 10.

11 the sl ell lyer of the epiermis (), n onnetive tissue in the ermis (). H & E Stin, Mg. x Figure 10. Higher mgnifition showing hir follile (), Arteriovenous nstomosis () n nerve fier () t the skin region of the nl re of one humpe mel. H & E stins, Mg. x 250. Disussion Histologilly, the overll struture of olon in one humpe mel is similr to other mmmlin speies espeilly to the olon of the porine, lthough few vritions re istinguishle. Only the min slient ifferenes ws resse here n not ll lyers n tunis. The pneth ells re reporte to e sttere in the smll intestine n in muh smller numers within the lrge intestine in humn eing n only osionlly in the olon (7). These ells re foun to e in lrge numer in the olon of the one humpe mel uner norml physiologi onition. They re present t the se of the oloni glns. Pneth ells hve given role in regultion of norml teril flor of the smll intestine (7). They re osionlly present in the olon; however, in this stuy they re present in lrge numer in the se of the oloni glns. This inites the nee for the pneth ells n their seretory vesiles to ontrol (erese) the numer of the miroflor insie the olon. However, pneth ells, one of four mjor epithelil ell lineges in the smll intestine, resie t the se of the rypts n hve pilly oriente seretory grnules. These grnules ontin lysozyme whih hs the ility to igest the ell wlls 11

12 of ertin groups of teri. Pneth ells re lso reporte to hve phgoyti ility. In ition, these grnules ontin high levels of ntimiroil pepties tht elong to the lphefensin fmily. Pneth ells serete these miroiil grnules tht ontin lph-efensins when expose ex vivo to teri or their ntigens, n reent eviene revels tht ntimiroil pepties, prtiulrly lph-efensins, whih re present in pneth ells, ontriute to intestinl innte host efense (1). Therefore, one oul esily stte tht these pneth ells in one humpe mel oul esily protet the niml from gstrointestinl infetion or mke it less vullnerle ue to their lrge numer in the olon of this niml speies. In ition, the ollgen lyer in the su muos ws oserve whih ssists the sore wter to enter pillries vi pssive iffusion. While, there is no lymph vessels in this prt of humn the intestine whih ws onsiere s n initor of the slow rte of metstsis in olon ner (8). These lymphti vessels were not stuie in this reserh. Further stuy is very muh neee to eluite this issue in one humpe mel. Referenes 1. Aye T, Ashi T, Kohgo Y, Kono T The role of Pneth ells n their ntimiroil pepties in innte host efense. U.S. Ntionl Lirry of Meiine Ntionl Institutes of Helth. 12(8): Crole Engel, iretor of outreh Fruit-Eze, In. P.O. Box Portln, OR Regulr / 3. Dye, K. M. Sk, W. O. Wensing, C. J. G Text Book of Veterinry Antomy. 4 th e. Suner Elsevier. 4. Getty, R The Antomy of the Domesti Animls. 5 th e.w.b. Suners Compny. 5. Mloiy, G.M.O. n Clemens, E.T Coloni sorption n seretion of eletrolytes s seen in five speies of Est Afrin herivorous mmmls. Comprtive Biohemistry n Physiology Prt A: Physiol. 67 (1):

13 6. Nikel, R. Shummer, A. Seiferle, E The viserl of the Domesti Animls. 2 n e. Verlg Pul Prey. Springer-Verlg. 7. Ross, B.M.H. n Pwlin, W Histology: A Text n Atls. Wolters Kluwer. Lippinott Willims & Wilkens. Two Commere Squre, 2001 Mrker Street, Philelphi, PA Shj Prs n Anne H Antomy, Histology, & Emryology of the Lrge Intestine. University of Dereen. 9. Wgner, N. Löhler, J, Kunkel, E. J. Ley, K.Leung, E. Krissnsen, G. Rjewsky, K & Müller.W Critil role for 7 integrins in formtion of the gutssoite lymphoi tissue. Nture 382, Wilson, L. n Gmle, M The hemtoxylins n eosin. In: Theory n prtie of histologil tehniques, e. D. J. Bnroft, n M. Gmle, pp th e. Churhill Livingstne, New York. 13

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