About OMICS Group Conferences

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1 About OMICS Group OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology Open Access, OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 International conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions.

2 About OMICS Group Conferences OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Pharma scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit. OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.

3 Targeting calcium signaling as a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy and failure Tamer M A Mohamed, Riham Abou-Leisa, Min Zi, Sukhpal Prehar, Florence Baudoin, Elizabeth Cartwright, Ludwig Neyses, Delvac Oceandy Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.

4 Ca 2+ in myocardial (patho-)physiology NCX PMCA I Ca RyR SERCA Ca 2+ Contraction/ Relaxation LTCC & RYR / SERCA & NCX Signal Transduction PMCA4/ TRPCs & IP3R

5 Plasma Membrane Calcium (PMCA) ATPase pump Ca 2+ PMCA PMCA is a calcium extrusion pump. There are 4 different isoforms of PMCA pump encoded by 4 different genes. PMCA1 and 4 are expressed in the heart. Ca 2+ Whether PMCA4 regulates cardiac hypertrophy and how?

6 Human Relevance of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase pump isoforms (PMCAs) PMCA1 PMCA1 Ca PMCA2 PMCA3 PMCA4 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ PMCA3 PMCA2 PMCA4 Nav1.5 Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ nnos Ca 2+ Williams, Mohamed et al, JBC (2006) Blood Pressure (Cho et al., Nat. Gen., 2009 & Levy et al., Nat. Gen., 2009) Deafness (Schultz et al., NEJM, 2005) Ataxia (Zanni et al., PNAS, 2012) Long QT Syndrome (Ueda et al., PNAS, 2008)

7 PMCA4 Molecular complex Inhibitor Mohamed et al,, Methods Mol Biol Integrin Armesilla, et al, JBC 2004 caveolae Ca 2+ PMCA4 Buch et al, JBC 2005 Rassf1 Calcineurin nnos Syntrophin NO Dystrophin Schuh et al, J Cell Biol (2001) Williams, Mohamed et al, JBC (2006) Mohamed et al, JMCC 2013 Hypertrophy & contractility Oceandy, Mohamed et al., Circulation 2009 Mohamed et al., Cardiovasc.Res. In Press Hypertrophy & Carcinogenesis Wu, et al. JCI 2009 Baggott, Mohamed et al., Carcinogenisis 2012 Contractility & Hypertrophy Oceandy, et al. Circulation 2007 Mohamed, et al. JBC 2009 Mohamed, et al. JBC 2011

8 Plasma Membrane Calcium (PMCA) ATPase pump Ca 2+ PMCA Ca 2+ Whether PMCA4 regulates cardiac hypertrophy and how?

9 PMCA4 KO Mohamed et al., JBC 2011 Protected from pathological hypertrophy Wild type Sham Wild type TAC PMCA4 KO Sham PMCA4 KO TAC

10 Identification of the first PMCA4 specific inhibitor PMCA4 Ca 2+ ADP ATP ATA Coupled enzyme assay on membrane microsomes from PMCA4 overexpressing cells Screened 1300 compounds of medically optimised drug library Mohamed et al., Methods Mol Biol Mohamed et al., JMCC. 2013

11 Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is the inhibitor % inhibition first PMCA4 specific PMCA4 PMCA1 SERCA Na + K + ATPase 20 0 IC 50 = 0.1µM ATA concentration ( M) Mohamed et al., JMCC. 2013

12 ATA inhibits PMCA4 activity in situ Cardiomyocytes w 1 e 0 r μ e M in A fe T c A ted with genetically modified calcium sensor (GCaMP2) viruses Cytopla smic- GCamP 2 Perfusion with Plain Tyrode s solution followed by tyroid solution containing 10µM ATA 50% PMCA 4- GCamP 2 Monitor the calcium oscillation during electric stimulation at 1Hz PMCA4 mut- GCamP 2 Mohamed et al., JMCC. 2013

13 HW / TL (mg/mm) Fibrosi μ s % m2 ATA reverses existing hypertrophy in mice Sham TAC + vehicle TAC +ATA * * TAC ATA TAC ATA

14 1-(dF/dFmax) New high-throughput screening assay for PMCA4 Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) ADP 337nm FRET ADP-d2 337nm PMCA4 + EU nm Ca 2+ ATP 620nm 620nm 90 No FERT PM CA4 microsomes Lac Z microsomes Microsomal protein concentration (ng/µl) Mohamed et al J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 16(2) , 2013

15 High-throughput screening for PMCA4 inhibitors Screened compounds and identified 112 primary hits Currently under testing for efficiency and specificity 77 confirmed hits from the original solid Best inhibitor

16 Conclusion 1 PMCA4 inhibitor emulates the effect of PMCA4 knockout on cardiac hypertrophy

17 Cardiomyocytes Vs Fibroblasts Fibroblast Cardiomyocytes

18 PMCA4 cardiomyocyte specific knockout did not show protection against pathological hypertrophy

19 HW/TL (mg/mm) ATA reverses existing hypertrophy in PMCA4 cko mice * sham TAC vehicle TAC ATA 2 0 WT TG PMCA4 cko

20 What is the Mechanism? fibroblast cardiomyocytes macrophages Microarray analysis: PMCA4 -/- vs Wild type fibroblasts

21 Microarray in PMCA4 KO skin and cardiac fibroblasts showed increased expression of Wnt inhibitors (SFRP2, IGFBP4 &IGFBP5) 1 6 folds

22 Schematic summary of signaling molecules described to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the cardiac compartment. Bergmann M W Circulation Research 2010;107:

23 Does PMCA4 -/- fibroblast reduce the hypertrophic response in WT cardiomyocyte? Is this phenotype through upregulation of secreted sfrp2? Adult cardiac fibroblast (ACF) Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes (NRCM) Adult cardiac fibroblast (ACF) was plated in medium suitable for NRCM for 24 hours medium was used for Plating NRCM

24 Cell size arbitrary units Treatment of NRCM with conditioned medium of WT or PMCA4 -/- cardiac fibroblasts Control +PE +PE+ anti sfrp2 WT medium Red: α-actinin staining KO medium * * * Scale bar =25μm WT KO WT KO WT KO Control +PE +PE+anti sfrp2 PE: Phenylephrine

25 n= 7 n= 7 n= 7 n= 7 Fold Expression Fold induction Fold induction Cross talk mechanism between fibroblast and cardiomyocytes XX X 1.8 mrna expression of sfrp2 bn a F sa κ l B int l r u a cif l e lu r l as c e alc a i c um tivity 6 * * * * WT KO 6 0 ACF ACF 0 NFkB inhibitor - WT + - KO + WT ACF ACF KO AC A F C F ACF: Adult Cardiac Fibroblasts

26 Cross talk mechanism between fibroblast and cardiomyocytes During hypertrophic response X P β- catenin Proteasomal degx radation

27 TCF/LEF luciferase activity Arbitrary unit TCF/LEF luciferase activity (β-catenin activity reporter) ACF NRCM * * * WT KO WT KO WT KO control PE +PE+anti sfrp2 PE: Phenylephrine

28 Conclusion 2 Cardiac fibroblasts lacking PMCA4 produces higher levels of sfrp2 which inhibits the hypertrophic response in the neighbouring cardiomyocytes.

29 Current work PMCA4 KO Stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are potentially for better stem cell therapy for heart failure

30 The multiple faces of Wnt signaling during early cardiac development. PMCA4 KO Stem cells for better stem cell therapy for heart failure Gessert S, Kühl M Circulation Research 2010;107: Copyright American Heart Association

31 Generation of hips-cm Human Skin Fibroblasts Emerging ips colony ips colony Beating cardiac colonies Embryonic bodies

32 Fold induction Fold induction Fold induction hipsc-cms Nkx-2.5 ctnt ctnt * a MHC 0 0 ips SF non CM CM ips SF non CM CM ips SF non CM CM * MLC 2.V *

33 What is the relation between the heart and the male reproductive system? Viagra may prevent and improve failure heart

34 PMCA4 KO Protected from pathological hypertrophy Immotile sperms Wild type Sham Wild type TAC PMCA4 KO Sham PMCA4 KO TAC

35 Effect of ATA on sperm motility Control + 30uM ATA

36 F/F (%) ATA inhibits sperm motility through elevation of intracellular calcium in the sperm AP2 ATA (µm) ,3 0, time (s)

37 Doughnut microspheres for local non- hormonal contraception Awarded $100,000

38 Conclusion 3 PMCA4 inhibitor emulates the effect of PMCA4 knockout on sperm motility and could be a potential non hormonal contraceptive

39 Acknowledgements Card iovascular Research Group, Manchester Riham AbouLeisa Min Zi Sukhpal Prehar Elizabeth Cartwright Ludwig Neyses Delvac Oceandy Mamas Mamas Sally Hammad Arfa Maqsood Nicholas Stafford Robert Little Loan Nguyen Riyad Almaimani Florence Baudoin Simon Zakeri Abigail Robertson Vera Stankovij Collaborators: Prof. Michael I. Kotlikoff, Cornel University, USA Prof. Manuela Zaccolo University of Oxford, UK Prof. Gerd Hasenfuss University of Gottingen Dr. Kaomie Guan University of Gottingen Dr. Sheraz Gul European Screening port Prof. U. B Kaupp MaxPlanck Institute, Germany Prof. Deepak Srivastava J David Gladstone Research Institutes UCSF

40 Thanks' for your kind attention!!!!!! 40

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