Study of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Potato during pregnancy and gestrationin swiss albino mice

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1 Deepik Rni et l. Int J Res Phrm Si 2016, 6(3); 6 12 ISSN Interntionl Journl of Reserh in Phrmy nd Siene Reserh Artile Study of Cinnmomum zeylnium nd Potto during pregnny nd gestrtionin swiss lino mie Rgini Shrm, Deepik Rni, Neelm Jin, Amrit Jitwt Reserh Sholr Environmentl nd Developmentl Toxiology Reserh Lortory, Deprtment of Zoology, University College of Siene, Mohnll Sukhdi University, Udipur, Rjsthn, Indi. Address for Correspondene: Deepik Rni E-mil: dipik.jolniy@gmil.om Aess this rtile online QR Code Wesite: ABSTRACT Pregnny is the stressful period of living life. Proper nutrition during this period leds to the development of helthy world. Nutrition demnd inreses in the period of gesttion; hene this reserh rtile dels with importne of diet during pregnny. In this study role of high rohydrte diet with ntioxidnt Cinnmomum zeylnium ommonly known s innmon or dlhini in our Indin houses is studied during gesttion in Swiss lino mie. Swiss mie were treted with three different diets during their period if gesttion, diets re Control Diet group-1 [(3.85gm Whet gm Mize gm Grm gm Groundnut = 10 gm) for 1 mie], Control Diet + High rohydrte (potto) group-2 [6 gm + 4 gm], Control Diet +innmon (Brk) group; this group is divided into 2 sugroups- 3 [9.5 grm grm; 9.75 gm gm]. After prturition, the ody weight (BW), rown to rump length (CRL) nd Body Mss Index (BMI) of pups were reorded on PND (Post Ntl Dy) 1, PND 7, PND 14, PND 21, PND 35 nd PND 49. Key words: dif Development; Fetus; Post-ntl; Diet; Crohydrte INTRODUCTION Nutrition is lled s siene of food vlues, whih ws evolve from hemistry nd physiology. This siene onsists of tion, intertion nd lne of nutrients in reltion to helth nd disese. A poor diet my import n injurious impt on helth, like-: It use defiieny diseses like survy nd kwshiorkor, Helth-thretening onditions like oesity, metoli syndrome nd ommon hroni systemi diseses i.e. rdiovsulr disese, dietes nd osteoporosis. Nutritionl requirement hnges during the different stges of life spn. Pregnny is the stge when nutritionl needs re higher nd full feeling those needs impose positive effets on the helth of oth mother nd her unorn y. Therefore, proper nutrition is importnt, euse nutritionl sttus of mother plys ritil role in the outome of pregnny nd lso in fetl growth nd development. 1,2 This study is done on one of the most importnt nutrient of humn diet during pregnny i.e. rohydrte in ddition with innmon (dlhini) whih is ommon spie in Indin kithens. The importne of lne diet is emphsized espeilly in terms of qulity of rohydrtes tken in pregnny nd lttion nd the risk of developing insulin resistne nd oesity is redue y repling low fier grin food, suh s ornflkes or white red with whole grin higher fier or higher mylose ontent produts. 3 Crohydrtes re the mjor onstituent of humn diet, rohydrte rih food is digested esily nd provide lrge mount of energy nd is lso onsider good for sik nd old ge peoples. Potto is tken s high rohydrte ingredient in this study y keeping its hep vilility to every strt of soiety. Following whet, mize nd rie, potto is one of the world s most importnt rops. 4 Both US Deprtment of Agriulture (USDA) Food Guide Pyrmid nd 2005 revised, inlude pottoes in vegetle tegory s food to e enourged. 5 Mny professionls nd medil orgniztions, inluding Amerin Dieteti Assoition nd The Amerin Hert Assoition stte potto s helthful food. 6,7 Pottoes hve greter dry mtter nd protein per unit growing re ompred with the erel. 8 Skin of pottoes is good dietry soure of potssium insted of whet strh, rts fed diet high in sodium (2% sodium hloride) were etter le to retin lium nd 6

2 mgnesium nd inrese urinry ph when fed ooked potto, euse pottoes hve high potssium itrte ontent. 9 In potto ultivrs phytohemils whih re the seondry produts of plnt metolism nd mny of whih ts s ntioxidnts, vry in mount nd omposition Plnts produt improves gluose metolism nd dietes not only y hypoglyemi effet ut lso y improving lipid metolism nd ntioxidnt sttus. 13 Cinnmomumzylenium fmily of Luree is rk whih hs ntioxidnt tivity. 14 Cinnmomumzylenium rk is the outer skin of n evergreen tll tree whih elongs to Luree fmily. 15 Cinnmon possesses ntioxidnt tivity in rt fed with high ft diet. 16 Cinnmon oil is n importnt endogenous ntioxidnt nd lso used s protetive gent ginst tissue dmge. 17 Cinnmon is nturl produt whih is sfe in ll respet, is rih in polyphenoli ompound tht shows to improve the tion of insulin in-vitro in nimls, nd lso hve ntioxidnt tivity in-vitro. 21 MATERIALS AND METHODS The proposed experiments were onduted in the Environmentl nd Developmentl Toxiology Reserh Lortory, Deprtment of Zoology, University College of Siene, MohnllSukhdi University, Udipur, Rjsthn, Indi to oserve the effet of high rohydrte diet(potto), innmon nd there omintion during pregnny in Swiss mie. Animl Helthy dult femle Swiss mie 8-10 weeks old nd g verge ody weight were used for this study. Animls were otined from the niml house of our deprtment. Mle nd femle mie in the rtio (1:4) kept in the ge for mting. Femle mie were exmined every dy in the morning nd femle showing vginl plug were isolted nd their gesttion period were reorded nd were given n experimentl diet. Presene of spermtozo in the vgin the following morning ws onsidered dy one of gesttion. Confirmed pregnnt femles were housed in polyvinylhloride ges ( mm) wrpped with rie husk edding, nd mintined under stndrd lortory onditions. The lortory nimls were kept in well ventilted niml room with reltive humidity of 70-80%. The room lighting onsisted of lternte 12 hours light nd drk periods. The mintenne nd hndling of the nimls were done s per the guidelines of Purpose of Control nd Supervision of Experimentl Animls, Ministry of Environment nd Forests, Government of Indi. The experimentl protools were pproved y the Institutionl Animl Ethil Committee of the University (No. CS/Res/07/759). Experimentl Design A femle whih shows vginl plugs ws isolted nd durtion of their gesttion period ws e reorded. The seleted pregnnt femles were divided in the following groups, 6 nimls in eh group nd those pregnnt femles were given the following diet. 1. Group 1- Control diet {1 mie is given totl of 10 g food in dy whih hve (3.85gWhet+3.85gm Mize+1.55gmGrm+0.75 gm Groundnut)}. Deepik Rni et l. Int J Res Phrm Si 2016, 6(3); 6 12 ISSN Group 2-Control + high rohydrte diet {Potto} (6g ontrol+ 4g potto). 3. Group 3-Control+ Cinnmomumzeylnium (innmon). On the sis of innmon dose group 3 is divided into 2 su-groups: - ) Control+ Cinnmomumzeylnium {higer dose} (9.5g ontrol+ 0.50ginnmon). ) Control+ Cinnmomumzeylnium {lower dose} (9.75gontrol innmon). 4. Group 4-Control + high rohydrte diet + Cinnmomumzeylnium (5.5g ontrol+ 4g potto+ 0.50g innmon). Pups of the ove-mentioned group were oserved t the different developmentl stges: At the time of irth (PND 1) At the end of first week (PND 7) At the end of seond week (PND 14) At the end of lttion (PND 21) At the time of puerty (PND 35) At the end of puerty (PND 49) Litter size, fur qulity, ody weight nd ody length re the morphologil prmeters whih re oserved during the ove mention PND s. Estimtion of ody weight, rown to rump length nd ody mss index After treting mie with different diets, they were kept seprtely for 42 dys (i.e. 21 dys of gesttion nd 21 dys of lttion). BW nd CRL of pups of ontrol nd experimentl nimls were tken on 1 st, 7 th, 14 th, 21 st, 35 th nd 49 th PND dys fter prturition. BW ws estimted y WJ series eletroni lne model No. WJ302A. CRL ws estimted y mesuring sle. From the dt of BW nd CRL ody mss index (BMI) ws lulted. The BMI ws lulted of ontrol nd experimentl mie t postntl dys (PND) 1 st, 7 st, 14 st, 21 st, 35 th, 49 th y using BW nd CRL. The ody mss index (BMI) ws lulted y the formul s desried y Novelli, Body mss index (BMI) = ody weight (g)/length 2 (m 2 ) The dt ws nlyzed sttistilly using SPSS v. 17 (SPSS, Chigo, USA). The signifine differenes mong mens were rried out using Dunn s multiple rnge tests t p< The results re expressed s men ± SD of four experiments. RESULTS 1. Effet of different diets on ody weight of neontes on vrious postntl dys 1, 7, 14, 21, 35 nd 49: Detils of Body Weight (BW) in vrious experimentl groups in omprison to ontrol re shown in tle1 nd grph 1. Sttistilly non-signifint or insignifint hnge is oserved in PND 1 (just fter prturition), i.e. there exist hnge in BW of pups ut this hnge is not due to experimentl diets (P>0.5; P= 0.134). 7

3 Deepik Rni et l. Int J Res Phrm Si 2016, 6(3); 6 12 ISSN On PND 7 (t 2 nd week) there is signifint hnge (t 5% level) shows highly inrese in BW of pups s ompre to other 3 is oserved in pups (P= ; P= 0.02). Here pups of ontrol groups. Less derese in BW of pups ws oserved in innmon nd HC does not show muh vrition in BW, ut BW of oth group, ut this derese in BW ws ompensted y potto in the groups is high when ompre with innmon nd HC+ 4 th group i.e. HC+ Cinnmon group. Order of Chnge in ody innmon group. weight is: HC > Control > HC+ Cinnmon > Cinnmon Highly signifint result ws oserved in BW t PND 14, 21, 35 nd 49 (P<0.1; P= 0.000). In the respetive PND s HC group Tle 1: Vritions in Body Weight (BW) of neontes in different experimentl groups on PND 1, PND 7, PND 14, PND 21, PND 35 nd PND 49 dys. Vlues re expressed s men ± S.D. for six femles per group. Group Body Weight of pups on following Postntl Dys (PND) Control 1.25± ± ± ± ± ±0.72 High Cr 1.34±0.12, 2.99± ± ± ± ±0.60 Cinnmon (0.25) 1.31±0.12, 2.70± ± ± ± ±0.55 H.C. + Cinnmon (0.50) 1.38± ± ± ± ± ±0.82 F Vlue 1.94 ns 5.62 ** ** ** ** ** P vlue >0.05 = non-signifint (ns), <0.05 = signifint (*) nd <0.01 = highly signifint (**). Men followed y the sme lphet within olumns re not signifintly different (P < 0.05) using Dunn s multiple rng test Body Weight of pups on following Postntl Dys (PND) d,, C HC Grpth 1: Vritions in Body Weight (BW) of neontes in different experimentl groups on PND 1, PND 7, PND 14, PND 21, PND 35 nd PND 49 dys Tle 2: Vritions in Body Length (BL) of neontes in different experimentl groups on PND 1, PND 7, PND 14, PND 21, PND 35 nd PND 49 dys. Vlues re expressed s men ± S.D. for six femles per group Groups Crown to Rump ody length of pups on following Postntl dys (PND) Control 2.35± ±0.47, 3.13± ±0.43, 5.22± ±0.65, High Cr 2.36± ± ±0.18 5± ± ±0.38 Cinnmon (0.25) 2.02± ± ± ± ± ±0.27 H.C. + Cinnmon (0.50) 1.92± ±0.71, 3.77± ± ± ±0.32, F Vlue

4 2. Effet of different diets on ody length of neontes on vrious postntl dys 1, 7, 14, 21, 35 nd 49: Detils of Body Length (BL) in vrious experimentl groups in omprison to ontrol re shown in tle 2 nd grph 2. Sttistilly highly signifint(p<0.01) hnges re oserved t PND 1 t the time of irth, PND 14 t the end of seond week, PND 21 t the end of lttion, PND 35 nd PND 49 during Deepik Rni et l. Int J Res Phrm Si 2016, 6(3); 6 12 ISSN puerty. At ll these PND s CRL redution ourred highest in innmon treted group while ontrol nd HC group shows similrity in their results. Sttistilly non-signifint (P>0.05) hnges our t PND 7 t the end of 1 st week. The derese in ody length whih ourred in innmon treted group in omprison to other group ws lned y potto in innmon+ HC. Crown to Rump ody length of pups on following Postntl dys (PND) ,,,,, C HC HC + Cin (0.50) Cin (0.25) Grph 2: Vritions in Body Length (BL) of neontes in different experimentl groups on PND 1, PND 7, PND 14, PND 21, PND 35 nd PND 49 dys 2. Effet of different diets on ody mss index of neontes on vrious postntl dys 1, 7, 14, 21, 35 nd 49: In first experiment we oserved tht two femles died in full term nd not le to delivered pups. When it ws disseted oth the horns of uterus shows totl 8 fetous long with resorption sites s you n see 1() nd 1(). Next two femles delivered immture ded pup where posterior region is not developed, with dominl deformity nd resorption sites were notied in the uterine horn. Pups whih re highly immture re not delivered nd when the uterus hving highly immture pup is disseted we oserved tht lims, hed region dominl region is not fully develop 2(), 2 () nd 2 (). Another femle le to delivered the pups ut they died fter 24 hours nd the lst femle gin delivered died pups with depression nd normlity in dominl region 3 (), 3 (), 3 () nd 4. Figure. 1: 1() femle died in pregnny; 1() uterus of femle showing uterine horns; 2() uterus of femle hving immture pup; 2()disseted immture pup of femle 2(); 2() other immture pups of femle 2(); 3() femle delivered 2 helthy pups nd 2 immture pups; 3() helthy pups of femle 3(); 3() immture pups of femle 3(); 4() femle delivered stillorn pups. 9

5 Deepik Rni et l. Int J Res Phrm Si 2016, 6(3); 6 12 ISSN Figure 2: 1() shiny nd voluminous fur in ontrol t 14 dy; 1() Non-shiny nd snty fur in innmon (0.25) t 14 dy; 2() Shiny nd voluminous fur of ontrol t 21 dy; 2() Shiny ut snty fur in innmon (0.25) t 21 dy. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Cinnmomum zeylnium is rk of n evergreen tll tree elongs to lure fmily. 22 Cinnmon oil is importnt endogenous ntioxidnt lso used s protetive gent ginst tissue dmge. 17 Cinnmon possesses ntioxidnt tivity in rt s fd with high ft diet. 16 Aording to FDA (Centre of food sfety nd pplied nutrition) innmon is sfe when onsume in mount ommonly found in food during pregnny, ut is not sfe when tken orlly in greter mount. 23 In the present study when innmon is given in n mount of 0.5 g during pregnny, the initil gesttion period nd development is oserved to e normlut t the end of gesttion period hlf of the femles died [Fig. 1(); 1 ()]. Mntovni et. l. oserved tht when pregnnt women onsume lrge mount of innmon thn its oil use misrriges; similrly in our study 0.5 g of its dose during pregnny leds to the resorption of emryo; resorption sites re oserved when uterus from the died pregnnt femle is disseted out; nd if the femle prturte, it delivered under developed pups nd pups whih re highly under developed were not prturted 24 [Fig.1: 2(); 2 ()]. When mount of innmon is redued to hlf i.e. 0.25g then gesttion period nd prturition is norml ut litter size is smll nd if some femles hve igger size then more thn hlf of the pups re stillorn [Fig. 1: 4()]. Skeletl nomlies in xil skeleton nd skull of pups ws oserved fter the tretment of innmon during pregnny 24, similrly in our study ll the prturted pups of 0.5g (higher dose) shows skeletl deformtion [Fig.1: 2(), ; 3(); 4()]; ut pups of 0.25g (lower dose) does not show ny deformtion like tht of Hrdin et. l., 1987 who did not oserved ny hnges in progeny of mie treted during pregnny with lower doses. 25 Romson et l. (1981) oserve norml growth nd development in dogs fed with rohydrte-free triglyeride, ut survivl of fetuses ws lower thn the dogs whih fed with high rohydrte diet; similrly in our study when femles re given potto s n high rohydrte diet during their gesttion period then long with norml nd helthy gesttion period, femles prturte helthy pups with lrge litter size nd greter ody weight. 26 Shiell et l., 2001 lso sid tht women who onsume low rohydrte-rih foods hve low weight gin in pregnny nd lso hve offspring of lower irth weight. 27 Further in our study the dverse effet of innmon is ltered when innmon is given in the omintion with potto, result of this omintion is quite positive where insted of hving lower litter size femles prturte helthy pups of ody weight nd survivl rte nerly equl to ontrol nd high rohydrte group. The Amerin Dietes Assoition, The Amerin Hert ssoition nd other ntionl genies from 1950 sreommend tht lrge portion of energy in the form of gluose omes from rohydrtes. 28 Gluose is onsider s n perfet fuel for foetl growth nd development nd gluose is 10

6 sustrte whih is primrily ffeted y the mount nd type of rohydrtes in mternl diet, 29 our study go stright with this sttement euse here ontrol, high r nd high r+ innmon group does not show ny skeletl normlities whih unlike tht of oth the innmon group (higher dose 0.50g nd lower dose 0.25g) where either femles died during the lst dys of gesttion or they delivered immture or still orn pups or they hve smll litter size. But in lower dose (0.25 g) femle prturte norml pups, whih hve norml survivl rte ut hve less ody weight nd with dvning ge ody weight inreses ut less in omprison to ontrol, high r nd high r + innmon group, similr to the finding of Mntovni et. l., 1989 who treted groups of pregnnt Sprgue Dwley rts etween 7 nd 17 dy of pregnny nd oserved lower inrese in ody weight, ut its higher dosge leds to mternl toxiity. 24 Cinnmon when given in omintion with potto then femle does not shows the sing of resorptions nd underdevelopment, our this finding orreltes with the finding of Tylor et l., 1983 who shows the importne of rohydrte during pregnny y oserving tht feeding pregnnt rts with rohydrtes free nd ftty id sed diet from 1st dy of gesttion leds to resorption of implnted emryos; lmost the sme sttement is lso pssed y Koski nd Hill, 1986 regrding the importne of rohydrte during pregnny, ording to them olei id sed zero rohydrte diet does not le to mintin pregnny. 30,31 Committee E (plnt- se mediinl produts) of drug institute of federl helth offie (BGA) oserved skin retions in the progeny when femle were treted with innmon during its gesttion period, similr results re oserved in our study when femle were treted with 0.25g (lower dose) of innmon then there pups shows snty nd sttered fur t 14 nd 21 dy [Fig. 2 shows the fur qulity in ontrol nd innmon (0.25) treted pups t 14 nd 21 dy]. CONCLUSION On the sis of ove findings, we n onlude tht diet espeilly high rohydrte diet influenes the ody weight nd ody length of neontes it inreses the ody weight nd ody length of the neontes euse rohydrte espeilly potto is soure of strh nd gluose. Cinnmon nd umin is the weight ontrolling gent so when given in omintion with high rohydrte diet lne the weight of the neontes euse s we hve disussed ove tht oth innmon nd umin shows ntioxidnt property due to this property they mintin the ody s physiology. But innmon when given in higher mount in pregnny its shows side effets whih re ontrol y potto nd when mount of innmon is redue to hlf it does not show ny side effet. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors re thnkful to the Deprtment of Zoology, College of siene, M.L.S. University for providing neessry filities for the present piee of reserh work. Deepik Rni et l. Int J Res Phrm Si 2016, 6(3); 6 12 ISSN REFERENCES 1. Brown JE. Nutrition during pregnny. In: Nutrition through the life yle. Cliforni: Wdsworth: 2005: Kiser L, nd Allen LH. Amerin Dieteti Assoition. Position of the Amerin Dieteti Assoition: nutrition nd lifestyle for helthy pregnny outome. J. Diet. Asso. 2008; 108: Tznetkou IP, Mikhilidis DP nd Perre, DN. Nutrition during pregnny nd the effet of rohydrtes on the offspring s metoli profile: In serh of the perfet mternl diet. The Open Crdiovsulr Med J. 2011; 5: Cndin Food Inspetion Ageny.The Biology of Solnumtuerosum (L.)(Pottoes), United Sttes Deprtment of Agriultur, Food nd Nutrition Informtion Center. USDA s Food Guide Pyrmid ooklet, 1992 (updted 1996), Amerin Dieteti Assoition. The power of pottoes: positively nutritious, 2005: Amerin Hert Assoition. AHA sientifi position: rohydrtes nd sugrs, Cmire ME, Kuow S, nd Donnelly DJ.Pottoes nd Humn Helth.Crit. Rev. Food. Si. Nutr. 2009; 49: Nry A, Roert L, Mzur A et.l. Effet of potto on idse nd minerl homeostsis in rts fed high-sodium hloride diet.br. J. Nutr. 2006; 95: Al-Sikhn MS, Howrd LR, nd Miller JC.Antioxidnt tivity nd totl phenolis in different genotypes of potto (Solnumtuerosum L.). J. Food. Si. 1995; 60: Brown CR. Antioxidnts in potto.am. J. Potto. Res. 2005; 82: Brown CR. Breeding for phytonutrient enhnement of potto. Am. J. Potto. Res. 2008; 85: Biley CJ nd Dy C. Trditionl plnt mediines s tretments for dietes. Di.Cre.1989; 12: Ali BH, Alqrwi AA, Bshir AK nd Tnir MO. Antioidnt tion of extrt of the trditionl mediinl plnt, RhzystritDene in rts. Phytother. Res. 2000; 14: Kwon HK, Jeon WK, Hwng JS et. l. Cinnmon extrt suppresses tumor progression y modulting ngiogenesis nd the effetor funtion of CD8+ T ells. Cner let. 2009; 278: Dhuley JN. Anti-oxidnt effets of innmon (Cinnmomumverum) rk nd greter rdmom (Amomumsuultum) seeds in rts fed high ft diet. Indin J. Exp. Biol. 1999; 37: Ro PV nd GnSH.Cinnmon: A Multifeted Mediinl Plnt. Evid.Bsed Complementry Altern. Med. 2014: Qin B, Ngski M, Ren M, Bjotto G et.l. Cinnmon extrt (trditionl her) potentites in vivo insulinregulted gluose utilztion vi insulin-regulted gluose utilztion vi enhning insulin signlin in rts. Dietes Reserh Clin Prt. 2003; 62:

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