Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Concentrates on Buffalo Calves Performance, Digestibility and Carcass Traits

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1 Amerin-Eursin J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , 2011 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2011 Effet of Feeding Different Levels of Conentrtes on Bufflo Clves Performne, Digestiility nd Crss Trits F.I.S. Hell, K.M. Adel Rhmn, B.M. Ahmed nd S.S. Omr 1 Animl Prodution Deprtment, Ntionl Reserh Center, Dokki, Giz, Egypt 2 Deprtment of Animl Prodution, Fulty of Agriulture, Menofiy University, Shein El Kom, Egypt Astrt: Six-mon experiment ws rried out in order to investigte e effet of onentrte levels on performne of ufflo lves. Twenty-one mle ufflo lves wi verge ody weight of out 286 kg divided into ree equl groups were rndomly ssigned to e following onentrte levels., 70,85 nd 100% of e onentrte feed mixture (groups A. B nd C, respetively). Allowne of e onentrtes ws offered to ll nimls twie dy t 8.m. nd 2 p.m. in equl portions while roughge (rie strw) ws ville t ll time. Body weight, feed intke nd feed onversion were determined. Aid insolule sh ws used to determine digestiility. At e end of e experiment ll lves were slughtered nd rss trits were reorded. No differenes etween groups regrding e hnge in ody weight were deteted. Clves fed 100% onentrte gined more n e oer two groups in ll experimentl periods. The overll verge feed intke for groups A. B nd C were 8.65, 9.81 nd kg/d, respetively. Feed onversion ws etter for e 70% group n e ontrol. No differenes were found regrding e digestiility of ll nutrients s result of feeding different onentrte levels during summer seson. However, during winter seson some differenes were found regrding digestion oeffiients of DM nd CP eing higher in group C n e oer groups. Hevier weights of rss, one nd oneless met were otined from lves of group C ompring to e group nd group B whih hd non signifint less vlues n group C. Dressing perentge ws higher (P<0.05) in groups B nd C n group A. Met to ft rtio followed e sme pttern of dressing perentge. Key words: Bufflo lves Feed intke Performne Digestiility Crss INTRODUCTION roughge rtion (54.2 nd 47.4 %) nd on 80 % onentrte rtion (52.6 nd 54.7, respetively). They Frmers re lwys iming t hievement of higher stted t e oneless met perentge did not produtive performne long wi lower feed signifintly differ wi lves fed eier 50 or 80% onsumption i.e., est utiliztion. Preston [1] suggested onentrte. Trinkle et l. [3] reported t feed t in order to hieve e est performne of growing- restrition `hd no signifint effet on seprle ft, fttening nimls, frmer should selet e sl musle or one of e rsses when e 360 nd rohydrte (onentrte) resoure ording to 500 kg weight groups were ompred. Egger nd vilility, potentil fermentility nd prie. Nowdys, Hilfiker [4] showed t restrited feeding n led to e prie of niml feedstuffs, espeilly onentrtes is signifint feed eonomies wiout ffeting rss going up leding to higher pries of e niml produts qulity. Murphy nd Loerh [5] fed ll onentrte diets (milk, met et). To produe low prie met, feed intke t intke Levels of 100, 90 or 80% of d liilum. Crss should e progrmmed in order to lower e onentrte qulity grde nd 12 ri k ft were redued (P<0.04) rtio in e diet. This ould e hieved y restrition of wi deresed in dily feed intke when ll-onentrte onentrtes wi d liitum feeding of roughges. Dt diets were fed. Trxler et l. [6] onduted two trils over in e literture indite no speifi trend of e effet of 2 yer period using 144 (170 kg live weight) nd onentrte on performne nd rss trits of ufflo 120 (137 kg live weight) Holstein steer lves in yer I nd lves. El Ahry [2] showed t Friesin nd ufflo 2, respetively. Clves were fed diets of whole mize + lves fttened on 50 % onentrte rtion dressed pelleted supplement, wiout (no roughge) or wi higher (54.4 nd 57.5%, respetively) n ose fed on ll roughge pellet fed during e growing nd/or finishing Corresponding Auor: F.I.S. Hell, Animl Prodution Deprtment, Ntionl Reserh Center, Dokki, Giz, Egypt. 186

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , 2011 period, or whole or rked mize + hy rop silge period. Dily feed llowne nd were ompletely during e growing nd finishing period. The roughge onsumed y lves during e experimentl period. pellet supplied 15 nd 6% roughge during e growing nd finishing periods, respetively, wheres Digestiility Trils: Two digestiility trils were rried e hy rop silge supplied 7 nd 10 % roughge, out, one during summer seson nd e oer during respetively. Crss hrteristis were similr etween winter. Three nimls from eh experimentl group were tretments,: exept steers fed hy rop silge hd higher used to determine e digestion oeffiient of nutrients. yield grdes n ose fed e roughge pellet. The Aid insolule sh (A IA) tehnique ws used s n present study ws rried out to investigte e effet of internl mrker determine digestiility ording to Vn progrmming feed intke, i.e. onentrte restrition on Keulen nd Young [8]. niml performne, nutrient digestiility nd rss trits. Rumen Content: Rumn liquor smples were tken fter e slughter of lves from nimls of eh group. The MATERIALS AND METHODS ruminl fluid ws strined rough four lyers of heese lo nd ph vlue ws mesured y ph meter. This study ws rried out t e frm of e Fulty Ammoni-N determintion ws rried out s soon s of Agriulture, Menofiy University (Shein El-Kom). The possile using e stem distilltion meod desried y experiment lsted for 188 dys. Twenty one mle ufflo totl voltile ftty ids (VFA) ws mesured ording to lves were divided into ree groups, seven lves eh. AOAC [9]. Averge initil ody, weights were 285, 285 nd 286 kg for e groups A, B nd C, respetively. Animls were Slughter Proedure: Animls were slughtered t e housed roughout e experimentl period in losed time ey reh e mrket (kg vg. ody weight). The stle. Clves were weighed monly in e morning weights of eh of e hed, legs, hide; liver, hert lungs, efore feeding nd fsting weights were reorded. kidney, testis nd e digestive trt (full nd empty) were Animls were rndomly ssigned to one of e following reorded. The rss ws split refully into two equl feeding system: (I) Ad liiturn onentrte feed mixture longitudinl hlves s in ustomry. All rss studies (CFM) feeding ording to Kerl [7] (ontrol, group C); were mde on e left side of e hot rss. Smples of (2) restrited feeding t 85% of CFM of group C (group longissimus dorsi musle t e (9-11 ) ris were tken for B); (3) restrited feeding t 70% of CFM of group C hemil nlysis. Ris were disseted into len (L), ft (F) (group A). Allowne of e onentrtes ws offered to nd one (B) ll nimls twie dy t 8.m. nd 2 p.m. in equl portions. All nimls hd ess to eir roughge Chemil Anlysis: Feed stuff, fees nd met smples of llownes during e dy time; roughges were green ll nimls were hemilly nlyzed ording to Berseem plus rie strw in winter or Berseem hy in AOAC [9]. summer. Chemil nlyses of feed ingredients used in is experiment re shown in Tle (1) Wter ws offered Sttistil Anlysis: Dt were sttistilly nlyzed freely ll e dy. Dily feed llownes were hnged ording to SAS [10] Dunn's new multiple rnge test quntittively ording to e hnge in ody weight. ws used to ompre every two mens of e different Animls were fed individully long e experimentl trits studied. Tle 1: Chemil nlysis of e ingredients used in e present study Item Ingredient DM OM CP EE CF NFE Ash CFM YC SBM Berseem Berseem hy Rie strw (2) DM. dry mter; OM, orgni mtter; CP, Crude protein; EE, eer extrt; CF, rude Fier; NFE nitrogen free extrt; CFM, onentrte feed mixture; [39%], yellow orn; 25% undeortited otton seed. 12% soyen mel, 14% rie rn, 5% molsses, 3% lime stone nd 1% sodium hloride. 187

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , 2011 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ke1lison nd Chrismon [17] found t in e first period ( kg), signifint (P<0.05) lower feed intke ws Animl Performne: The effet of feeding onentrtes noted for ttle fed e high energy rtion. Trxler et l. t restrited levels (85 nd 70% of d li) on e [6] reported t dily DM nd onentrte intkes were produtive performne of e growing ufflo lves is lower for steers fed on e non roughge diet n for presented in Tle 2. Averge initil ody weight ws steers on ll oer tretments. Loerh nd Fluhrty [15] 286±9 kg in ll groups. The orresponding verge finl reported t during e lst 102 dys lves on e 85% ody weight ws 466, 463 nd 478kg for groups A, B nd onentrte diet hd higher (P<0.05) DM intke n C, respetively. Dt in Tle 2 showed t totl gin ose fed e 100% onentrte diet. Feed onversion ws 180, 177 nd 191 kg for groups A, B nd C, rtio (FC) ws lulted s kg DM intke/kg gin nd respetively. In generl, group C gined more n e presented in Tle 2. Bufflo lves fed e 70% restrited oer two groups in ll experimentl periods, however, onentrte (group A) were signifintly (P<0.05) more differenes were not signifint. The overll ADG ws effiient in onverting eir feed to gin n e ontrol 957, 941 nd 1017 g in e sme respetive order whih group t lmost ll e experimentl periods. Vlues of differenes were not signifint. El-Ashry [2] reported group B (85% restrition) were intermedite etween e similr ADG ( kg) in fttening tril, wi oer groups. This ws minly due to e lower feed yers old wi un-strted mle ufflo, reeiving intke long wi e sme grow rte. The verge FC rtion of poor qulity roughge nd ure plus moderte ws 9.03, nd 10.93kg DM/kg gin. Differenes were mounts of onentrtes. In noer study El-Ashry et l. sttistilly signifint. In generl, FC deresed wi [11] showed t dily gins were 0.38, 0.61 nd 0.71kg for dvned ges of ll niml t ll e experimentl periods. uffloes fed green fodder, 50 nd 80% onentrte El-Ashry et l. [11] showed t FC vlues for uffloes rtion, respetively. Shoo nd Pk [12], Smp et l. were 11.5, 5.6 nd 5.7 kg, for ll roughges, 50 nd 80/s [13] nd Verm et l. [14] reported lesser grow rte wi onentrte rtions, respetively. E1-Kholy [18] showed feed restrition rnging etween 337 nd 500g. Loerh nd t FC ws 10.8, 11.44, 8.72 nd kg feeds/kg gin. Fluhrty [15] reported t during two phses of grow, Trxler et l. [6] reported higher FC for steers fed on (first 84d nd lst 102d), level of dietry onentrte did e non-roughge diet n for steers on ll oer not ffet verge dily gin of steers. Pul et l. [16] tretments. Loerh nd Fluhrty [15] reported t during evlute e grow performne of Nili-Rvi lves on e finishing phse FC highest (P<0.05) for steers roughge dominted feeding regimes supplemented wi ontinully fed 100% onentrte, lowest (P<0.05) for different levels of onentrtes nd reported no steers ontinully fed 85% onentrte. Rjnish et l.[19] signifint differenes in grow rte. In ompring reported t DM, DCP nd TDN intke per kg gin ws performne on ll onentrte vs. onentrte plus less (P<0.05) in restrited-fed n d liitum fed roughge rtions, e generl pttern of results indite lves showing etter feed onversion effiieny in t rte of gin ws essentilly equl. restrited fed nimls. Dt in Tle 2 lso represented e The overll verge feed intke for e ree lulted eonomi effiieny (lulted s feed prie experimentl groups A, B nd C were 8.65, 9.81 nd I1.1l required for one kg gin). From eonomil point of view, kg/d, respetively. Differenes were signifint (P<0.05). lves fed restrited onentrtes were eonomilly Tle 2: Chnge in ody weight of ufflo lves fed different onentrte levels (men ± SE) Experimentl period (Mon) Group A (70% CFM) Group B (85% CFM) Group C (Control) Initil ody Wt, Kg. 286± ± ±8.59 Finl ody Wt, Kg. 466± ± ±4.42 Totl gin, kg. 180± ± ±1.12 Averge dily gin, g.. 957± ± ±78.53.Averge dily Fl, kg 8.65± ± ±1.53 Feed / gin rtion (F C) * 903± ± ±1.54 Eonomi effiieny** 8.51± ± ±0.54,, Vlues hving different supersript wiin e sme row re signifintly different (P> 0.05), *FC feed onversion: e mount of feed required for one kg gin in ody wt. **The prie of feed (LE) required for one kg gin 188

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , 2011 Tle 3: Effet of onentrte restrition on digestion oeffiient of e experimentl rtions fed to ufflo lves during summer nd winter sesons (Men ± SE) Group A (70% CFM) Group B (85% CFM) Group C (Control) Item Summer seson DM 67.31± ± ±0.46 OM ± ± ±0.60 CP 65.02± ± ±0.29 CF 58.93± ± ±2.28 EE 65.99± ± ±0.72 NFE 73.76± ± ± Winter seson DM 68.57± ± ±0.32 OM 71.61± ± ±0.26 CP 64.39± ± ±0.32 CF 62.27± ± ±2.26 EE 65.26± ± ±1.08 NFE 77.14± ± ±0.40, vlues hving different supersripts wiin e sme row re signifintly different (p<0.05). Tle 4: Rumen hrteristis of ufflo lves fed different onentrte levels (Men + SE) Item Group A (70% CFM) Group B (85% CFM) GroupC (Control) ph 7.40± ± ±3.12 Totl VFA meq/dl 8.17± ± ±0.56 NH3- N. mg / dl 18.94± ± ±0.80,, Vlues hving different supersript wiin e sme row re signifintly different Tle 5: Crss trits of ufflo lves fed different onentrte levels (Men ± SE) Item Croup A (70% CFM) Group B (85% CFM) Group C (Control) BW pre slughter, Kg 466± ± ±4.42 BW Post slughter, Kg 444± ± ±5.84 Crss, kg 248± ± ±6.20 Hed, kg 25± ± ±0.46 Skin, kg 51± ± ±1.79 Digestive trt full, kg 80.14± ± ±2.05 Digestive trt empty, kg 29± ± ±1.04 Liver, Kg 5.5± ± ±0.28 Kidneys, kg 1.54± ± ±0.07 Kidneys ft, kg 2.02± ± ±0.26 Lungs, kg 6.28± ± ±0.34 Tlk, kg 2.03± ± ±0.16 Spleen, kg 0.9± ± ±0.11 Hert, kg 2.23± ± ±0.17 Tests, kg 0.49± ± ± ris, kg 7.3± ± ±0.11 Bone, kg 47.35± ± ±1.31 Boneless met, kg 200.6± ± ±5.68 Dressing % 53.24± ± ±0.8 Boneless met % 80.47± ± ±0.56 Met / ft rtion 2.27± ± ±0.17 Met / one rtio 3.12± ± ±0.09 Chemil omposition of longissimus dorsi musle t 9-11 ri setions: Moisture 75.24± ± ±0.13 Ash 2.95± ± ±033 CP 80.43± ± ±0.94 EE 11.92± ± ±0.30,, Vlues hving different supersript wiin e sme row re (p<o.05) signifintly different. 189

5 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , 2011 more effiient (P<0.0l) n ose on e ontrol feeding Crss Trits: The effet of feeding systems on rss system. The pries (LE) required for one kg gin were trits nd slughter informtion of ufflo lves is shown 8.51, 9.67 nd l0.77le for e experimentl groups A, B nd in Tle 5. Dt reveled signifintly (P<0.05) hevier C, respetively. Egger nd Hilfiker [4] showed t weights of rss, one nd oneless met in lves of restrited feeding n led to signifint feed eonomies group C ompring to e group A however, group B hd wiout ffeting rss qulity. Singh et l. [20] found non signifint less vlues for ese trits n group C. t e omplete feed ws 10.8 I - I 5.77% more Body weights efore nd fter slughter were lso hevier eonomil t e onventionl feeding system. in group C n group A nd B; eing 478 nd 457kg for Brghit et l. [21] onluded t e eonomi effiieny group C vs 466 nd 444kg for group A nd 463 nd 444 kg of prodution ws 16.6% etter wi feeding high for group A; differenes, however, filed to reh onentrtes n feeding high roughge. signifint level. The weight of empty digestive trt ws signifintly (P<0.05) hevier in group A (29 kg) n e Digestiility: Dt in Tle 3 reveled e effet of oer two groups (26.o nd 24.7kg for groups B nd C, onentrte restrition on digestion oeffiient of e respetively). Dressing perentge ws higher in groups experimentl rtions fed to ufflo lves during summer B nd C (eing nd 54.77% ompring to for nd winter sesons. No differenes were found regrding group A. Differenes were sttistilly signifint (P<0.0l). e digestiility of ll nutrients s result of feeding Dt show t met to ft rtio follows e sme pttern different onentrtes levels during summer seson. of dressing perentge eing higher (3.04 nd 2.78) for However, during winter seson some differenes were groups B nd C n t for group A (2.27). The hemil found regrding digestion oeffiients of DM nd CP. In omposition of e longissimus dorsi musle t 9-11 group C, digestiility of DM nd CP were signifintly, ri-setions of ufflo lves fed different onentrte (P<0.05) higher n e oer groups. Afzl et l. [22] e levels re lso shown in Tle 4. Perentge of CP reported t high energy onentrte diets showed only ws higher wi e restrited groups A nd B n trend of greter N digestion, while Singh et l. [23] group C eing 80.43, nd 73.74%, in respetive reported signifint differenes regrding digestiility of order. Vlues of EE followed e opposite trend eing DM, CP, EE nd rohydrte. Digestiility in vrious higher for group C (15.32%) n e oer groups (I1.92% feeding systems. Erlier study; Alin nd Durhm [24] for group A nd 13.20% for group B); differenes were showed digestiility of e DM, CP nd gross energy sttistilly signifint (O<0.0l). No differenes were were etter wi d liitum feeding n restrited (90 % found etween tretment groups regrding moisture nd of d li.) onsumption. Lister et l. [25] reported sh perentges in e longissimus dorsi musle t 9-11 derese in e digestiility of energy, DM, CP nd NFE ri-setions s result of feeding different onentrtes when ll-onentrte rtion sed on rley ws diluted to ufflo lves. y 40% ground hy. Ok et l. [27] found t lves fed high roughge Results of rumen ontents of ufflo lves fed diet hd inner ft n t of lves on low roughge different onentrte levels re shown Tle 4. The ph diet. Vlues of rss trits otined in is study re vlues were signifintly higher for groups A nd B (7.4 wiin ose reported y Swn nd Lmming [28], Chrles nd 7.44) n t for group C (6.86). Totl VFA followed nd Johnson [29], Afili et l. [30], El-Hkim [31] found t e opposite trend eing higher for group C (10.94 meq/dl) e oneless met perentge of ufflo lves n e oer tow groups (8.17 nd 8.85 meq/dl for. A nd slughtered t 325 kg were 73.8, 81.7 nd 82.8% for ose B, respetively). Ammoni-N ws lower (14.2 mg/dl) in fed 100, 50 nd 20 % roughge rtions, respetively. group C n in group B (2 mg/dl) nd group A (18.94 Corresponding vlues t out 400 kg ody weight were mg/dl). Differenes were signifint. Pliwl nd Vidy 78.6, 80.4 nd 81.4 %. El-Ashry [2] showed t ufflo [26] reported n inverse reltionship etween ph nd lves fttened on %50 onentrte rtion dressed TVFA onentrtion in e rumen of ttle nd ufflo. higher (57.5%) n ose fed on ll roughge rtion The lowest mmoni-n (14.2 mg/dl) in group C n in (47.4%) nd on n 80 % onentrte rtion (54.7%). group B (16.02 mg/dl) nd group A (18.94mg/dl) my Boneless met perentge did not signifintly differ wi indite higher miroil protein is synesis in is lves fed eier 50 or 80% onentrte. Theurer et l. [32] group. indited t dressing perentge, rss grde, ft 190

6 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , 2011 rd ikness t 3 ri nd kidney ft were similr for d 9. A.O.A.C., Offiil Meods of Anlysis, liitum or restrited tretments. Trinkle et l. [3] reported t feed restrition hd no signifint effet (P<0.05) on seprle ft, musle or one of e rsses when e 360 nd 500 kg weight groups were ompred. Murphy nd Loerh [5] fed ll onentrte diets t intke levels of 100, 90 or 80% of d liitum. Crss qulity grde nd 12 ri k ft were redued (P<0.04) wi deresed in dily feed intke when ll-onentrte diets were fed. Chrles nd Johnson [29] onluded t rss omposition of e ufflo ws reltively resistnt to extremes of diet. El- Koussy [33] reported t e hemil nlysis of Longissimus dorsi ws vrile ording to e type of feeding from to 75.06; to 22.15; 3.39 to 3.99 nd 0.91 to 1.08 % for moisture, protein, ft nd sh, respetively. REFERENCES 1. Preston, T.R., Better utiliztion of rop residues nd y-produts in niml feeding: reserh guidelines, 2. A prtil mnul for reserh workers, 1986, FAO pulitions. 2. El-Ashry, M.A., Ure nd poor qulity roughge in fttening rtions for ufflo mles. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod., 8: Trinkle, A., D.L. Dewitt nd D.G. Topel, Influene of ge, nutrition nd. genotype on rss trits nd ellulr development of e M. Longissimus of ttle. J. Anim. Si., 46: Egger, I. nd J.I. Hilfiker, Advntges of restrited feeding strtegy in vel lves. Revue-Suisse-d Agriulture, 24(4): Murphy, T.A. nd S.C. Loerh, Effet of restrited feeding of growing steers on performne, rss hrteristis nd omposition. J. Anim. Si., 72: Trxler, M.J., D.G. Fox, T.C. Perry, R.L. Dikerson nd D.L. Willims, Influene of roughge nd grin proessing in high-onentrte diets on e performne of long-fed Holstein steers. J. Anim. Si., 73(7): Kerl, L.C., Nutrient requirements of ruminnts in developing ountries. 7 friterntionl feedstuffs Institute, U Agri. Exp. Stt. U Stte Univ. USA 8. Vn Keulen, J. nd B.A. Young, Evlution of id insolule sh s nturl mrker in ruminnt digestiility studies. J. Anim. Si., 44(2): 282. Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemists 13 Ed. Wshington, D.C. USA. 10. SAS., SAS Proedure Guide. Version 6.12 Edition. SAS Institute INC. Cry, NC, USA. 11. EI-Ashry, M.A., H.H. Mogwer nd S.S. El-Khishin, Comprtive study, met prodution from ttle nd ufflo mle lves. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod., 12: Shoo, A. nd N.N. Pk, Effet of different soures of protein on grow nd nutrient utiliztion in yerling rossred ttle. Indin J. Anim. Nutr., 13(2): Smp, K.T., C.S. Prsd, K. Sundreshn, R. Su nd S. Ro, Effet of feeding two levels of un-degrdle dietry protein (UDP) on grow nd nutrient utiliztion in rossred femle lves. Indin J. Anim. Nutr., l3(1): Verm, A.K., R.S. Dss nd U.R. Mehr, Revivl performne of growing, ufflo lves fed on ure molsses liquid diet nd roughge s survivl feed. Anim. Feed Si. Teh., 87(3-4): Loerh, S.C. nd F.L. Fluhrty, Effets of orn proessing, dietry roughge level nd timing of roughge inlusion on performne of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Si., 76(3): Pul, S.S., M.L. Kmoj nd D.S. Chwl, Grow performne nd rss hrteristis of Nili-Rvi ufflo lves rered for eef on roughge dominted feeding regimes. Bufflo J., 17(3): Kellison, R.L. nd G. Chrismon, Energy nd protein levels for finishing steers. J. Anim. Si., 36: El-Kholy, M.E., Ad liitum versus ontrol feeding in fttening Friesin lves. Ph.D. Thesis, F. Agri., Ain Shms Univ., Ciro. 19. Rjnish, K., L.R. Gupt nd R. Kumr, Effet of restrited feeding of erseem on grow performne of Murrh ufflo heifers. Indin J. Diry Si., 53(1): Singh, R., S.S. Kundu nd D.D. Shrm, Influene of id oil supplementtion to roughge sed omplete diet on nutrient utiliztion nd grow in ttle. Indin J. Diry Si., 51(3): Brghit, G.A., M.M. Youssef, B.M. Ahmed, S.S. Omr nd O.M. El-Mlky, Effet of lsloid supplementtion on nutrients digestiility, rumen fermenttion nd performne of ufflo lves. Pro. 7 Si. Conf. Anim. Nutr. (Ruminnts, poultry nd fish), Otoer, 1999, El-Arish, Egypt. Prt I. Egypt. J. Nutr nd Feed, 1999, 2:

7 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 10 (2): , Afzl-Hussin, J.I. Sultn nd Zi-ul-Hsn, Swn, H. nd G.E. Lmming, Studies on e Supplementtion effet of protein nd energy on nutrition of ruminnts. 5. The effets of diet nutrient digestion nd N metolism of ufflo lves ontining up to 70% ground rley strw on e live fed whet strw sed diets. Pkistn J. Agri. Si., weight gin nd rss omposition of yerling 38: 3-4. Friesin ttle. Anim. Prod., 12: Singh, S.P., D.N. Verm nd S.N. Ll, Chrles, D.D. nd E.R. Johnson, Live Digestiility of nutrients nd grow rte in weight gins nd rss omposition ufflo rossred ow lves fed on rtions of different (Butus ulis) steers on four feeding regimes. levels of rude protein ontent. Int. J. Anim. Si., Aust. J. Agri. Res., 2: (2): Afifi, Y.A., M.A. Shhin, S.F. Omr nd 24. Alin, R.C. nd R.M. Durhm, F.M. Youssef, Met produt from ufflo mle Restrited feeding nd use of dehydrted lflf mel lves t different ges. Agri. Res. Rev., 52: nd eef tllow in fttening steers. J. Anim. Si., 31. El-Hkim, A.M., Met prodution from mle 26: ufflo lves. M.S. Thesis, F. Agri., Ain-Shms 25. Lister, E.E., D.P. Lemey nd W.J. Pigden, l968. Univ., Ciro. Performne of Holstein-Friesin steers fed on 32. Theurer, E., W.I.I. Hte, J.G. Burt, R.J. Krtehner, ll-onentrte rtion diluted wi ground hy. F.D. Dryden nd J.A. Mrhello, Ad liitum vs. J. Diry Si., 51: restrited feed intke for eef ttle. J. Anim. Si., 26. Pliiwl, V.K. nd S. Vidy, Effet of dietry 36: I 207(Ast.). fier nd protein on rumen Miroil fermenttion in 33. El-Koussy, H.A., Prodution of met from ttle nd ufflo. Indin J. Anim. Si., 60(1): Egyptin uffloes. M. S. Thesis F. Agri., 27. Ok, A., T. Dohgo, S. Ohtgki nd M. Juen, Ain Shms Univ., Ciro. Effets of roughge levels on grow, eef qulity, ruminl ontents nd serum onstituents in Jpnese Blk steers during e growing period. J. Anim. Si., 70(6):