Comparative Efficacy of DL-Methionine and Herbal Methionine on Performance of Broiler Chicken

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 5 (11): , 2006 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2006 Comprtive Effiy of DL-Methionine nd Herl Methionine on Performne of Broiler Chiken K. Chttopdhyy, M.K. Mondl nd B. Roy Deprtment of Animl Nutrition, West Bengl University of Animl nd Fishery Sienes, 37, Kshudirm Bose Srni, Kolkt , Indi Astrt: An experiment ws onduted to determine the omprtive effiy of DL-methionine nd herl methionine on performne nd rss hrteristis of roiler hikens. Two thousnd nd four hundred d-old ommeril roiler (VenCo) hiks were purhsed nd rndomly divided into four dietry tretment groups of 600 irds eh. Eh tretment group ws further sudivided into three replites of 200 roilers per replite. The tretments groups were ontrol; ontrol plus 10g DL-methionine/kg diet; ontrol plus 10g herl methionine (Heromethion, supplied y Indin Reserh nd Supply Co. Ltd.) /kg diet nd ontrol plus 15g herl methionine/kg diet. There were signifint effets of dietry tretments on ody weight, ody weight gin, feed intke nd feed onversion rtio t 0 to 41 dy. The ody weight nd ody weight gin of the roilers fed the 15g herl methionine/kg diet were hevier thn other tretments. Feed onversion rtio of roiler fed 15g herl methionine/kg diet ws signifintly etter thn tht of roilers fed on 10g herl methionine or DL-methionine/kg diet. Neither DL-methionine nor herl methionine supplementtion hd signifint effet on roiler mortlity. Plsm protein nd enzyme onentrtion ws unffeted y the dietry tretments. Adominl ft (%) nd liver lipid (g/kg) ws signifintly deresed y the ddition of 15g herl methionine/kg diet. This study demonstrtes tht herl methionine n reple DL-methionine very effetively when used t the rte 15g/kg diet of ommeril roiler hiken. Key words: DL-methionine, herl methionine, performne, Crss hrteristis, Broiler hiken Introdution Amino ids n exist s D- or L-isomers or mixture of two produts. All mino ids ourring in niml tissues however re L-isomers, sine D-isomers hve no iologil funtion. The exeption to this is methionine, where the ird is le to use D- or L-forms or s ours most frequently, DL- remi mixture (Lesson nd Summers, 2001). Methionine is ommonly supplemented s dry DL-methionine (DL-Met; 99% pure) or s liquid DL-methionine hydroxy nlog-free id (MHA-FA, ontining 88% of tive sustne). An importnt spet of protein nd methionine interreltionship is the ility of oth to t s lipotropi gents. The prodution of len rsses hs eome espeilly importnt s produers re hnging grdully from selling live irds to selling met. Methionine my t s lipotropi gent through its role s n mino id in lning protein or through its role s methyl donor nd involvement in holine, etine, foli id nd vitmin B metolism (Young et l., position mong mino ids limiting hiken growth. The inrese in demnd for hep met hs given rise to the use of syntheti ompounds in feed. Reently the sfety of suh prties hs een questioned nd their use is eoming restrited in mny regions of the world. Therefore, there is gret renewed interest in developing nturl lterntive supplements to mintin niml performne nd well eing. Methionine is required t higher level when ird is predisposed to fst growth long with high prodution performne. Herl methionine s soure of tive methionine is limed to e effetive in its optimum tivity for proper protein retion nd other funtions in poultry irds so tht they n reh etter growth nd performne potentil. Under these irumstnes, this study ws designed to determine the omprtive effiy of DL-methionine nd herl methionine on performne of roiler hiken. 12 Mterils nd Methods 1955; Mrh nd Biely, 1956; Chen et l., 1993). Birds nd experimentl design: A frm tril on DL- Methionine serves s n integrl portion of ody protein, methionine nd herl methionine supplementtion in is preursor for ystine nd n importnt soure of ommeril roiler hiken ws onduted in n dietry sulfur. Sulfur-denosyl methionine is potent orgnized frm ner university. Two thousnd four donor of methyl groups, whih ontriutes to the hundred d-old ommeril roilers (VenCo) were synthesis of mny importnt sustnes inluding purhsed from nery htheries nd were rndomly epinephrine, holine nd retine (Bender, 1975). divided into four dietry tretment groups of 600 roilers Fnher nd Jensen (1989) set methionine in the first eh. Eh tretment group ws further sudivided into 1034

2 Chttopdhyy et l.: Comprtive Effiy of DL-methionine nd Herl Methionine Tle 1: Ingredients nd hemil omposition of strter nd finisher diet Nme Strter Finisher Ingredients (s ir dried sis), kg/1000 kg Mize Rie polish Soyen Fish mel Clite Di-Clium Phosphte Soyen oil Slt Tre minerl mixture Vitmin premix Choline hloride Mdurmyin Sodium ironte Zin oxide Mngnese sulfte Ntuzyme Linomyin (1%) Chemil omposition Dry mtter, % Crude Protein, % Metolizle Energy, Kl/kg Clium, % Aville Phosphorous, % Methionine, % Lysine, % Composition of eh Kg tre minerl mixture : Cu, 15g.; Co, 02g.; Fe, 60g.; Zn, 80g.; Mn, 80g.; I, 02g.; Se, 0.3g.; Mo, 0.1g. Eh Kg ontins : Vitmin A- 80 MIU; Vitmin D3-12 MIU; Vitmin E- 70g; Vitmin K 3-8g; Vitmin B1-6.4g; Vitmin B2-40g; Vitmin B6-12.8g; Vitmin B12-160mg; Niotini id- 80g; Vitmin B5-115g; Foli id-4g; Biotin-24mg. Eh Kg ontins: Cellulse-6,000,000 U; Xylnse-10,000,000 U; " glunse-700,000 U; " mylse-700,000 U; Petinse-70,000 U; Protese-3,000,000 U; Phytse-400,000 U. Assyed vlue Clulted on the sis of stndrd vlues pplile under Indin ondition (Singh nd Pnd, 1996). three replites of 200 irds. Commeril rooding nd mngement proedures were followed, nd ll roilers were fed typil ommeril roiler strter diet for the first 3 weeks of the experiment followed y finisher diet up to 6 weeks. The tretment groups were ontrol diet without methionine; ontrol plus 10g DL-methionine/kg diet, ontrol plus 10g herl methionine (Heromethion, supplied y Indin Reserh nd Supply Co. Ltd.) /kg diet nd ontrol plus 15g herl methionine/kg diet. Housing nd mngement: The roilers were housed in floor pens nd rie husk served s litter mteril. The house ws lened thoroughly with formldehyde nd potssium permngnte solution three dys prior to rrivl of irds. The d old hiks were offered eletrolyte solution upon rrivl. Birds were mintined on 24 hours onstnt light shedule. The rooding temperture ws mintined lose to their requirement, first y heting devie for 3 dys following rrivl of hiks. Then no dditionl heting ws required s the summer room temperture ws found pproprite up to 3 weeks nd finlly y turning ooler fn during dy time for the lst 3 weeks of rering period. The irds were vinted ginst Rnikhet disese nd Infetious Bursl Disese on d 7, 14 nd 21 nd provided ntiioti for the first 5 dys s per reommendtion. Detils of the feeding regimens: The hiks were offered mize soyen mel sed diet (roiler strter nd roiler finisher in msh form). These diets were formulted to meet or exeed the BIS (1992) nutritionl requirement of roiler hiken. The diets were fortified with minerl nd vitmin premix s per the stndrd stipulted y the Bureu of Indin Stndrd for roiler hikens (1992). Ingredients nd hemil omposition of sl diet were presented in Tle 1. Totl mount of feed offered during 24 hours to replite under speifi tretment groups ws divided into 3 equl proportions. The mount nd timing of feed ws djusted in suh wy tht the irds onsume the whole of the diet offered t ny one time. As result hrdly ny residue n e otined from the replite fter dys feeding. The stndrd tehniques of the proximte nlysis were used to determine nutrient ontent of experimentl diets (AOAC, 1995). Reord keeping: Individul ody weight nd feed onsumption of roilers from ll pens were mesured t the 0, 21 nd 42 dy of ge. Mortlity of eh pen ws reorded on dily sis. Feed onversion rtio ws djusted ording to the feed onsumption of the ded roilers. Body weight ws reorded efore offering feed. Body weight gin ws otined y lultion. Colletion, proessing nd nlysis of lood smples: Two irds from eh replite were slughtered on d 21 nd 42 y severing the rotid rtery nd jugulr vein nd lood smples were olleted for nlyses of plsm proteins (totl proteins, lumin nd gloulin), plsm enzymes (spertte minotrnsferse nd lnine minotrnsferse). Blood smples (pprox. 10 ml) olleted in heprinized vuitiner tue (Beon Dikinson Indi Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Indi) for iohemil study. Immeditely fter olletion, tues were pled in n ie th nd trnsported to the lortory. Plsm ws hrvested susequently y entrifuging the whole lood smples t 3000 rpm for 15 min in entrifuge mhine. The heprinized plsm o smples were stored t -20 C in Eppendorf tues nd nlyzed susequently. Plsm smples were nlyzed for proteins (totl proteins, lumin nd gloulin), enzymes {lnine minotrnsferse (ALT), spertte minotrnsferse (AST)}. Plsm totl protein, lumin, ALT nd AST were nlyzed in the Automti Blood Anlyzer (Mirol 200, E-Merk Indi Ltd., Mumi, 1035

3 Chttopdhyy et l.: Comprtive Effiy of DL-methionine nd Herl Methionine Tle 2: Performne of roiler hiken fed DL-methionine nd herl methionine Attriutes Age, dy C T1 T2 T3 SEM P Body weight, g Body weight gin, g Feed intke, g FCR, g/g 0-21 d Survivility, % C-Control without methionine; T1 -Control plus 10g DL-methionine/kg diet; T2 -Control plus 10g herl methionine/kg diet; T3-Control -d plus 15g herl methionine/kg diet; Mens with in row with no ommon supersripts differ signifintly (P<0.05). Indi) using ommeril kit (Trnssi Bio-Medil Ltd., growth ws improved y 8.3% thn the unsupplemented Ringnwd, Dmn, Indi). ontrol group. There ws n inrese of 2.72% in weight gin s response to the highest methionine level Crss dissetion nd dominl ft olletion: (0.53%) when ompred to the lowest level (0.35%) Another 10 irds were identified t 43 dy from eh (Meirelles et l., 2003). The inresing weight gin with replite with weights losest to the men ody weight inresing methionine levels in the diet ws lso of pen to study dressing perentge, ut up prts nd reported y Shutte nd Vn Weerden (1981), Twining dominl ft ontent. The irds were strved for 12 hrs nd Hohstetler (1982) nd Elkin nd Hester (1983). (indeed drinking wter ws supplied d-liitum) nd Nevertheless, Grlih (1985) found differenes for were srified s per stndrd proedure of evlution weight gin t 21 dys of ge tht were ttriuted to of rss hrteristis inluding the yield of rest methionine levels. Wng et l., (2004) lso reported nd thigh. After removl of viser, the dominl ft pd signifint response of irds to methionine (from the proventriulus surrounding the gizzrd down to supplementtion in terms of weight gin in d 21 nd 42. the lo) ws removed nd weighed (Chner et l. In the present investigtion methionine supplementtion 1986) whih is inditive of dominl ft ontent. After hs lso given etter result. Herl methionine removl of liver it ws pked into zipper nd supplemented irds performed etter thn DLtrnsferred to the lortory into n ie ox. After methionine t 15g/ke dietry level, whih ould e o olletion, livers were dried in hot ir oven t 50 C for 4 explined y its nture nd vilility of herl dys nd then grounded nd were kept in desitors methionine to the irds. Feed intke of ontrol irds t for nlysis of protein nd ft ontent. the end of d 21 nd 42 were higher (P<0.01) thn methionine (DL-or herl) supplemented groups. At the Sttistil nlysis: The dt were nlyzed using the end of d 42, feed intke of methionine supplemented Generl Liner Models proedure of SPSS (1997). irds were similr; whih indite herl methionine t Signifint differenes etween tretment mens were the rte of 15g/kg did not improve the feed intke seprted using the Dunn s multiple rnge test. ompred to DL-methionine supplementtion (10g/kg of diet). Results nd Disussion Performne: The effets of DL-methionine nd herl methionine supplementtion on the performne of roiler re shown in Tle 2. Fifteen g herl methionine/kg diet inresed (P<0.01) ody weight t d 21 nd 42, nd ody weight gin t dy 0-21 nd 0-42 ompred to others though it is omprle with the 10g DL-methionine supplemented irds t d 21 nd 0-21 dy. Body weight gin of irds supplemented with 10g herl methionine/kg of feed ws similr with the performne of ontrol irds. Responses to DLmethionine in mize-soyen, mize-rley-soyen nd sorghum-whet-soyen mel hve een oserved y erlier workers (Bertrm et l., 1991; Brennn, 1998; Lemme et l., 2002; Dnner nd Bessei, 2002). In erlier experiment (Bertrm et l., 1991) with the highest level of DL-methionine supplementtion (0.15%), the Supplementtion of DL-methionine or herl methionine improved (P<0.01) FCR ompred to ontrol. Better FCR ws found in herl methionine supplemented irds (15g/kg diet). FCR ws similr etween the DLmethionine nd 15g herl methionine supplemented irds. Feed effiieny improved y out 3.7% in DLmethionine supplemented group on 38 dys of ge in erlier study (Bertrm et l., 1991). Wng et l., (2004) reported tht supplementtion of methionine did not response feed to gin in roiler hiken. Grlih (1985) found tht feed onversion ws etter when methionine ws supplemented in the diet. Huygheert (1993) reported tht inrese in methionine level promoted n inrese of 14 % in weight gin ompred to methionine defiient sl diet. A similr result ws desried y Rostgno nd Bros (1995) who oserved tht the inrese in methionine levels promoted n inrese of 1036

4 Chttopdhyy et l.: Comprtive Effiy of DL-methionine nd Herl Methionine Tle 3: Plsm proteins nd enzyme onentrtion of roiler hiken fed DL-methionine nd herl methionine Attriutes Age, dy C T1 T2 T3 SEM P Totl protein, g/dl Alumin, g/dl Gloulin, g/dl Alumin : Gloulin AST, U/L ALT, U/L C-Control without methionine; T1 -Control plus 10g DL-methionine/kg diet; T2 -Control plus 10g herl methionine/kg diet; T3-Control -d plus 15g herl methionine/kg diet; Mens with in row with no ommon supersripts differ signifintly (P<0.05). 13% in weight gin for irds fed sl diet without experiment (Prhkrn et l., 1996). The methionine. Soure or level did not ffet feed intke onentrtion of AST nd ALT ws in norml rnge during the growing period nd no intertion ws seen throughout the experimentl period (Mrjnovi et l., etween the two ftors. Nevertheless, Grlih (1985) 1975). As there ws no inrese in AST nd ALT during reported tht feed intke differed signifintly due to the experimentl period; so it n e inferred tht methionine supplementtion level. Feed onversion in supplementtion of DL-methionine (10g/kg) or herl the growing phse ws signifintly different (P<0.05) methionine (up to 15g/kg) did not use ny liver mong the different soures, so tht the irds fed with dystrophy or other vitl orgn normlities where from DL-methionine hd etter feed onversion thn the these enzymes re sereted. This indites tht ll the irds supplemented with MHA-FA. On the other hnd, irds were pprently in helthy ondition throughout the Huygheert (1993) reported tht feed onversion ws experimentl period. 11% etter with the inrese in the perentge of methionine in the diet nd Shutte nd Pk (1995) Crss hrteristis: Effets of DL-methionine nd found similr result. During the finisher phse (43-47 herl methionine on rss hrteristis in dys), no signifint differene ws seen for weight gin ommeril roiler hiken re presented in tle 4. A ut there ws n inresing trend with higher signifint differene (P<0.05) exists etween the methionine levels, for the two studied soures tretments for dressing perentge. Methionine (Meirelles et l., 2003). Previous works, reveled tht supplementtion t the rte of 15g/kg showed highest supplementtion of methionine in the diet improved dressing perentge ompred to others. Bleeding performne in terms of FCR ut feed intke ws similr perentge ws not ffeted y dietry tretments. etween methionine supplemented nd Adominl ft ontent of irds redued (P<0.01) when unsupplemented groups. Similrly in the present DL-methionine or herl methionine ws supplemented investigtion supplementtion of DL-methionine in the diet ompred to ontrol. Lowest dominl ft improved FCR ompred to ontrol wheres ontent ws found in herl methionine supplemented supplementtion of herl methionine t the rte of (15g/kg diet) irds (1.76%) whih signifintly (P<0.01) 15g/kg showed etter FCR ompred to DL-methionine vried from others. Perentge of rest yield nd thigh supplemented irds. The survivility of irds during the yield were more (P<0.01) when DL-methionine nd experimentl period did not differ signifintly etween herl methionine ws dded in the diet. the tretments. The pthophysiologil hnges Ojno-Dirin nd Wldroup (2002) oserved signifint oserved under post mortem exmintion of ded irds improvement (P<0.05) in dressing perentge nd did not ttriute to the dietry tretments. It indites tht rest met yield etween the roilers fed NRC dietry supplementtion hd no detrimentl effet on methionine level nd those fed higher levels. Reent survivility. reserh hs suggested tht levels of lysine nd methionine in exess of NRC (1994) reommendtion Plsm proteins nd enzymes: Effet of supplementl my result in enhned performne, espeilly in DL-methionine nd herl methionine on plsm regrd to rest met yield (Hikling et l., 1990; Morn proteins nd enzymes re presented in Tle 3. Plsm nd Bilgili, 1990; Shutte nd Pk, 1995). Erlier onentrtion of totl protein nd enzyme t oth 21 nd studies reported tht DL-methionine supplementtion 42 dy ws similr (P>0.05) etween the tretments. deresed ft deposition (Huygheert, 1993; Jeroh Totl protein, lumin nd gloulin onentrtion in nd Pk, 1995; Shutte nd Pk, 1995; Virtnen nd plsm were in the norml rnge throughout the Rosi, 1995). Jensen et l. (1989) oserved tht the 1037

5 Chttopdhyy et l.: Comprtive Effiy of DL-methionine nd Herl Methionine Tle 4: Crss hrteristis, liver protein nd lipid of roiler hiken fed DL-methionine nd herl methionine Attriutes C T1 T2 T3 SEM P Dressing % Bleeding % Adominl ft % Brest yield % Thigh yield % Liver protein, g/kg Liver lipid, g/kg d C-Control without methionine; T1 -Control plus 10g DL-methionine/kg diet; T2 -Control plus 10g herl methionine/kg diet; T3-Control -d plus 15g herl methionine/kg diet; Mens with in row with no ommon supersripts differ signifintly (P<0.05). dominl ft in mles nd femles slughtered t d 42 of ge deresed with the inrese in sulfur mino ids in the diet. Hikling et l. (1990) suggested tht the response of rest met prodution to methionine + lysine levels might result in eonomi enefits tht would oviously depend on the ost of the supplemented mino id nd the prie of roiler met. Methionine in the system t s methyl donor nd dontes methyl group to dimethylethnolmine to form trimethylethnolmine whih e used diretly for the synthesis of leithin (Sunderson nd MKinley, 1990). Leithin filittes the trnsport of ft through the ody. If methionine is defiient in diet, methionine supplement is used for protein synthesis. Crnitine is of gretest importne for et-oxidtion of long-hin ftty ids. Thus y this wy methionine supplementtion dereses the dominl ft ontent nd inreses the ody weight. From the present findings it is found tht supplementl methionine either DL- or herl inreses the proportion off rest nd thigh met, whih my e preferred y the Indin onsumers. Liver protein nd lipid: Effet of DL-methionine nd herl methionine on liver protein nd lipid re presented in Tle 4. It hs een found tht supplementl DL-methionine or herl methionine signifintly (P<0.01) inresed liver protein nd deresed (P<0.01) liver lipid. Redution of lipid ontent of liver ws more y DL-methionine (10g/kg) thn herl methionine (10g/kg). Lowest liver lipid ontent ws found in 15g/kg herl methionine supplemented irds. The redution of lipid from the liver n e explined y the lipotropi tivity of methionine, whih is desried under rss hrteristis. The dt from the feeding tril indite tht herl methionine n reple DL-methionine very effetively in the diet of ommeril roiler irds when used t the rte of 15g/kg diet s the performne of roiler irds supplemented with DL-methionine n e well ompred with irds supplemented with herl methionine. However, further trils re wrrnted to onsolidte the present findings nd ost effetiveness of using herl methionine. Referenes AOAC., Offiil Methods of Anlysis, Assoition of th Offiils Anlytil Chemist. Vol - I, 16 Ed., AOAC interntionl, Arlington, USA, pp: Bender, D.A., Amino id metolism. John Wiley st nd Sons. Ltd., 1 Ed., New York, USA, pp: Bertrm, H.L., E.J. Vn Weerden nd J.B. Shutte, DL-methionine nd DL-methionine hydroxy nlogue ompred: There is differene in iologil tivity in roiler diets. Misset World Poult., 7: Brennn, J.J., Effiy of liquid MHA-FA s ompred to DL-methionine on performne nd rss qulity of roiler hikens. Projet No , Shur-Gin Agreserh Cnd (Soure : Feedk fts of figures, Feed dditives, Poultry 7, Deguss-Huls). Bureu of Indin Stndrd (BIS), Nutrient Requirements for poultry. In: Animl Feeds nd Feeding Stuffs- Determintion of Clium nd Mgnesium in Minerl Supplements IS, Chner, A., Z. Nitsn nd I. Nir, Weight nd ft ontent of dipose nd non dipose tissue in roilers seleted for nd ginst dominl dipose tissue. Poult. Si., 65: Chen, F., S.L. Noll, P.E. Wiel nd D.M. Hwkins, Effet of folte, vitmin B 12 nd holine supplementtion on turkey reeder performne. Poult. Si., 72: Dnner, E.E. nd W. Bessei, Effetiveness of liquid DL-methionine hydroxyl nlogue-free id (DL-MHA-FA) ompred to DL-methionine on performne of lying hens. Arh. Geflugelk, 66: Elkin, R.G. nd P.A. Hester, Comprison of methionine soures for roiler hikens fed orn soyen mel diets under simulted ommeril grow-out onditions. Poult. Si., 62: Fnher, B.I. nd L.S. Jensen, Influene on performne of three to six weeks old roilers of vrying dietry protein ontents with supplementtion of essentil mino id requirements. Poult. Si., 68:

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