Effect Of Supplementation With Different Proportions Of Breweries Dried Grain And Maize Bran Mixtures On The Performance Of Crossbred Dairy Cows

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 3, ISSUE Effet Of Supplementtion With Different Proportions Of Breweries Dried Grin And Mize Brn Mixtures On The Performne Of Crossred Diry Cows Tesfye Feyis, Getnet Assef, Mengistu Urge Tesfye Feyis, Deprtment of Animl Prodution nd Tehnology, College of Agriulture nd Nturl Resoures, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopi Getnet Assef, Livestok Reserh, Ethiopin Institute of Agriulturl Reserh (EIAR), Addis A, Ethiopi Mengistu Urge, Shool of Animl nd Rnge Sienes, College of Agriulture nd Environmentl Sienes, Hrmy University, Dire Dw, Ethiopi ABSTRACT: Effet of supplementtion with different proportions of reweries dried grin nd Mize rn mixtures on feed intke, digestiility, milk yield nd milk omposition of rossred diry ows were ssessed t Holett Agriulturl Reserh Center y using five rossred ows of similr milk yield (8-10 kg/d), ody weight (355+47), ge of lttion (erly lttion), ut differ in prities rrnged in 5*5 single Ltin squre design; eing strted t Deemer/2010 nd finished t Mrh/2011. Experimentl nimls were fed d liitum nturl psture hy sl diet nd supplemented with different tretments; T1 = Conentrte mix tht onsisted 65% whet rn, 33% noug (Guizoti ysini) seed ke nd 2 % slt, T2 = 20% reweries dried grin (BDG) + 78% mize rn (MB) + 2% Slt ; T3 = 38% BDG + 60% MB + 2% Slt ; T4 = 58% BDG + 40% MB + 2% Slt nd T5 = 78% BDG + 20% MB + 2% Slt. Lortory nlysis of experimentl feeds showed tht ll ingredient feeds exept mize rn hd dequte CP ontent required for moderte level of ruminnt prodution, whih is greter thn 15%, level tht is usully required to support lttion nd growth. Dry mtter nd metolisle energy intkes were the sme in ll groups while sl diet nd rude protein intkes were signifintly different where y ows mintined on T1 rtion onsumed high sl intke with the verge dily intke of 8.04 kg/d. Similrly, signifintly higher (P<0.001) CP intkes were reorded for T1 nd T5 groups with the verge vlue of 1.56 nd 1.54 kg/d, respetively. Tretment effets were lso non-signifint (P>0.05) for pprent dry mtter digestiility nd pprent id detergent fier digestiility, ut signifine differene (P<0.05) existed for pprent rude protein digestiility, pprent metolisle energy digestiility nd pprent neutrl detergent fier digestiility wherey nimls onsumed T5 onentrte diet digest higher (P<0.01) CP thn those on T2, T3 nd T4. In ddition to this, nimls tht reeived T3 nd T5 onentrte diet digested higher (P<0.05) NDF thn those onsumed T1 onentrte diet. Milk yield, milk protein, ltose nd totl solids were not ffeted y experimentl rtions, ut signifint vrition ws existed for milk ft etween nimls fed with the different experimentl rtions wherey ows onsumed T1 gve milk with high (P<0.05) ft of 4.62% when ompred to T2 (4.14%) nd T5 (4.06%). The verge dily milk yields were 10.28, 9.72, 10.20, nd kg in T1, T2, T3, T4 nd T5, respetively. Eonomi nlysis showed tht T5 onentrte diet ws eonomilly fesile thn the ontrol group nd the remining dietry tretments. However, due to signifintly lower milk ft in T5 thn the ontrol, it n e onluded tht reweries dried grin nd mize rn mix t the proportion of 58% BDG +40% MB+2% Slt (T4) n e proposed s lterntive onentrte diet for the ontrol (T1) for ltting diry ows. Key words: feed intke, diet digestiility, milk yield, rossred diry ows 1 INTRODUCTION Mohmed et l. (2004) showed the development of the milk setor in Ethiopi n ontriute signifintly to poverty llevition nd improved nutrition of the rurl ommunity. However, rte of livestok produtivity is very slow nd lg ehind the growth of the popultion minly due to insuffiient supply of feeds (oth quntity nd qulity) nd poor mngement prties. Indequte nutrition (oth in quntity nd qulity) mong milking nimls, espeilly during the dry seson, is onsidered to e the mjor limittions to diry produtivity. This is euse the qulity of feed, prtiulrly ville forge, whih is the mjor feed resoures, flututes with seson nd its vilility is limited. Green feeds, minly grsses whih re mostly nnuls, re nutritious t the eginning of the riny seson nd ommonly utilized in the lrge peri-urn diry frms. However, its use is limited to the riny seson only. Though erel grins re importnt s onentrte feeds, they re not usully used s niml feed in Ethiopi, euse the quntity produed in the ountry hs not yet stisfied the demnd for humn onsumption. In ddition, erel rop residues tht re used to ugment the yer round ruminnt feed udget re of low nutritive vlue nd nnot fulfill the nutrient requirement of livestok even t mintenne level. Thus, the nutritionl requirements of dry-pregnnt nd ltting ttle for milk synthesis nd let-down re not suffiiently met. It is therefore impertive to explore for lterntive, highly nutritive feed resoures tht ould inrese the totl dry mtter intke of firous feed nd eventully enhne produtivity. Ketem nd Tsehy (1995) showed tht one of the fesile method y whih the low qulity feed utiliztion n e enhned is through supplementtion of gro-industril y-produts, whih re the min feed soures utilized in the urn nd peri-urn diry prodution systems. Nowdys, noug seedke nd whet rn/middling lend re invrily used ross ll the urn nd peri-urn prodution systems in Ethiopi. However, the ost of noug seedke nd whet rn is eoming inresingly expensive my e due to high grin prie (shortge of rw mterils) nd ompetition due to less diversified niml feed in the ountry. The ever eslting onentrte prie my ontinue for the oming few yers nd go eyond the frmer s ility to use it s niml feed, unless otherwise lterntive options tht n e used s energy nd protein soure s n lterntive option to whet rn nd noug seedke re designed in due time. Mize rn nd reweries dried grin re mong the gro-industril y-produts tht n e used s energy nd protein soure in the sene of whet rn nd noug

2 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 3, ISSUE seedke mixture, nd n e used to llevite the prolem of indequte nutrition nd oost the produtivity of diry ttle. CSA (2010) showed tht mize is leding erel rop with prodution of 38.97million quintls ounting for 21.56% of the grin prodution ( million quintls) nd yields of qt /h in Ethiopi. The mount of mize rn produed is out 20% of the mize grin milled. This gives potentil of 7.79 million quintls of mize rn prodution, if ll of the mize grin produed would e milled. Similrly, the expnsion nd newly emerging rewery industries in the ountry will remrkly inrese the supply of reweries spent grin. Aording to Vrel- Alvrez (2006), the nnul prodution pities of reweries y-produt from different reweries in Ethiopi were MT, exluding the 3356 tons DM of dried rewery spent grins produed from Komolh nd Dshen rewery ftories. But, informtion on the use of mize rn in mixture with some protein supplement feeds, suh s reweries dried grin in the diet of diry ttle under Ethiopin ondition is not evluted. Therefore, the ojetives of this study were: To ssess the effet of supplementtion with different proportions of reweries dried grin nd Mize rn mixtures on feed intke, digestiility, nd milk yield nd milk omposition of rossred diry ows fed nturl psture hy sl diet. 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 2.1 Study Are nd Mngement of Experimentl Animls The study ws onduted t Holett Reserh Center. The enter is loted t 93o N ltitude nd 38o 30 E longitude t n ltitude of 2400 msl. The men nnul rinfll is 1000 mm nd the men minimum nd mximum tempertures re 6oC nd 22oC, respetively. A totl of five ltting F1 rossred ows (Born x Fresin) with similr lttion performne (dily initil milk yield of 8-10 l/ hed), sme stge of lttion (erly lttion), ut differ in prities, rnging from 1 to 6 were seleted from the diry herd of experimentl sttion. The ows were periodilly treted for externl nd internl prsites nd vinted for the mjor diseses. The lves were seprted from their dms five dys fter prturition. 2.2 Feed Preprtion nd Feeding Nturl psture hy ws mde efore it is mtured, sun dried, led nd stored under hy shde nd used s sl diet throughout the experimentl period. The wet reweries grin ws sun dried nd thoroughly mixed with mize rn sed on the proposed proportion. The sl feed offer ws djusted dily y llowing 20% of refusl from previous dy s intke. Wter nd minerl loks were ville t ll time. The quntity of onentrte mix offered dily ws t the rte of 0.5 kg/l of milk produed y eh ow nd offered with equl portions t 5:00 m nd 5:00 pm during the morning nd evening milking time, respetively. Representtive nd omposite smples of ll experimentl feeds were tken for lortory nlysis. 2.3 Experimentl Design, Tretments nd Mesurements The five experimentl tretment diets were rndomly ssigned to the five ows in 5*5 Single Ltin Squre Design omposed of 7 dys of dpttion nd 14 dys of mesurement period. The experimentl nimls were then rndomly llotted to one of the five dietry tretments given elow: T1: Conentrte mix (0.5 kg/l of milk) + d liitum nturl psture hy (ontrol) T2: 20% BDG + 78% MB + 2% Slt + d liitum nturl psture hy T3: 38% BDG + 60% MB + 2% Slt + d liitum nturl psture hy T4: 58% BDG + 40% MB + 2% Slt + d liitum nturl psture hy T5: 78% BDG + 20% MB + 2% Slt + d liitum nturl psture hy The onentrte mix ws omposed of 65% whet rn, 33% noug seed ke nd 2% slt. The dily feed offered to experimentl nimls nd the orresponding refusls were mesured nd reorded dily to determine dily feed intke. Feed offer nd refusl smples were tken dily per ow, ulked on weekly sis, su-smpled nd oven dried t 65 C for 72 hour. Smples were then ground in lortory mill to pss through 1 mm sieve nd kept t room temperture in seled plsti gs until required for lortory nlysis Apprent digestiility Apprent digestiility of tretment diets were determined using totl fel olletion methods for period of 7 onseutive dys in eh period. Contmintion of fees with urine ws minimized y frequent wshing of the onrete floor with high pressure running wter using plsti wter hose. Dily fees olletion per niml ws weighed, thoroughly mixed nd smple of 1% ws tken nd stored in deep freezer t -4 ºC. At the end of the olletion period, the 7 dys pooled smples were susequently thwed nd mixed thoroughly. Susmples were tken nd oven dried t 105oC for 24h to determine DM ontent. Another smple ws oven dried t 65oC for 72 hour for hemil nlysis. Apprent digestiility of DM or nutrients ws determined using the formul; Apprent DM digestiility = DM intke-fel DM exreted *100 DM intke Apprent Nutrient Digestiility=Nutrient intke- Nutrient in fees *100 Nutrient intke 2.5. Chemil Anlysis Chemil nlysis of the experimentl feeds, refusls nd fees were rried out fter tking representtive smples. DM, OM, nd N (Kjeldhl-N) ontent of smples of feed offered, refusl nd fees were nlyzed ording the proedures of proximte nlysis method of the AOAC (1990). Neutrl detergent fier (NDF), Aid detergent fier (ADF) nd id detergent lignin (ADL) ws nlyzed ording to the proedure of Vn Soest nd Roertson (1985). In vitro orgni mtter digestiility ws determined

3 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 3, ISSUE using proedures outlined y Tilley nd Terry (1963). Gerer method (AOAC, 1990) ws used for milk ft nlysis, while the formldehyde titrtion method (Pyne, 1932) ws used to nlysis milk protein. Totl solid in the milk ws determined using the proedures outlined y Rihrdson (1985). NIR-Infrred milk produt nlyzer (user mnul ver. 1.1, 2000) ws used for ltose determintion. 2.6 Sttistil Anlysis Anlysis of vrine of experimentl dt ws run using the generl liner model in SAS (2004). The tretment mens were seprted y using Lest Signifint Differene (LSD). The Model used for the nlysis of dt ws: Yijkl = µ + Ci +Pj + Tk + Eijkl, Where; µ = overll men; Ci = ow effet; Pj = period effet; Tk = tretment effet; Eijkl = rndom error 3 RESULTS 3.1 Chemil Composition of Experimentl Feeds The DM nd OM ontents of the experimentl feeds were high nd lmost greter thn 90% for ll experimentl diets. The neutrl detergent fier (NDF) onentrtion showed muh vrition with the highest vlue reorded for the nturl psture hy followed y BDG, MB, WB nd NSC while the highest ADF onentrtion ws reorded in nturl psture hy followed y WB, BDG, NSC nd hy. However, the lignin ontent ws higher in BDG whih ontined 0.3%, 1.4%, 5.7% nd 6.2% more lignin when ompred to NSC, hy, MB nd WB, respetively. Crude protein nd ME onentrtion were found to e lower in hy, whih ontined 1.2, 2.2, 3.4 nd 4.0 times less CP nd 1.7, 1.4, 1.3 nd 1.2 times lower ME onentrtions s ompred to MB, WB, BDG nd NSC, respetively. Tle 1. Chemil omposition of experimentl feeds Chemil omposition Hy WB NSC MB BDG Offer Refusl Offer DM OM CP NDF ADF Hemielluloses Lignin IVOMD EME (MJ/kg DM) * DM = dry mtter; OM = orgni mtter; CP = rude protein; NDF = neutrl detergent fier; ADF = id detergent fier; IVOMD = in vitro orgni mtter digestiility; EME= Estimted metolisle energy (0.16 * IVOMD) s ited in MDonld et l. (2002), WB = whet rn; NSC = noug seed ke; MB = mize rn; BDG = reweries dried grin 3.2 Feed Intke nd Digestiility Dietry tretment did not result in signifint differene (P > 0.05) for TDMI, ut signifintly (P < 0.01) ffeted the sl feed intkes of nimls. Cows mintined on ontrol (T1) hd onsumed signifintly high (P < 0.01) hy thn ows fed on other dietry tretments, whih onsumed 25%, 18.9%, 17.9% nd 11.4% more hy over T2, T3, T4 nd T5, respetively. Totl DM intke ross ll dietry tretments seems to hve followed the sme trend s hy intke though there is no signifine differene (P > 0.05) etween dietry tretments. The intke of hy ws 2.3%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 1.9% nd 2.0% of ody weight nd totl DM intke ws 3.6%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3% nd 3.4% of ody weight for T1, T2, T3, T4 nd T5, respetively. Totl CPI ws signifintly higher (P < 0.001) for ows on T1 nd T5 rtions over other dietry tretments. Unlike totl CPI, dietry tretment did not (P > 0.05) ffet the ME intkes of nimls. Neutrl detergent fire intkes ws higher (P < 0.05) for ows supplemented with T5 ompred to T2 nd T3. Cows in T1 hd higher (P < 0.001) ADF intke ompred to T4, T3 nd T2. Tle 2. Dry mtter nd nutrient intkes of rossred ows fed different onentrte mixture supplements s tretment feeds nd nturl psture hy sl diet Feed intke (kg/d) Hy DM intke Totl DM intke CP intke ME intke (MJ/d) NDF intke ADF intke T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Men SEM d d d mens with different supersripts within row re signifintly different (P < 0.05): DM = dry mtter; CP = rude protein; NDF = neutrl detergent fier; ADF = id detergent fier; ME= metolisle energy; SEM = stndrd error of mens; The pprent digestiility of DM ws not signifintly different (P > 0.05) mong ll tretments onsidered (Tle 3). The digestiility of CP in T5 ws higher (P < 0.01) thn the other dietry tretments exept T1 while the digestiility of ME in T3 ws higher (P > 0.05) thn in T1 nd T4. Cows supplemented with T3 nd T5 digest more (P < 0.05) NDF over the ontrol group. However, dietry tretments filed to exhiit differenes (P > 0.05) in terms of pprent id detergent fier digestiility. Tle 3. Effet of different onentrte mix supplements on

4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 3, ISSUE pprent digestiility of experimentl diets y rossred diry ows fed d liitum nturl psture hy ADMD ACPD AMED ANDFD AADFD T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Men SEM = Mens with different supersripts within row re signifintly different (P < 0.05); T1= 65% WB + 33% NSC + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T2 = 20% BDG + 78% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T3 = 38% BDG + 60% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T4 = 58% BDG + 40% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T5 = 78% BDG + 20% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; SEM = stndrd error of mens; ADMD = Apprent dry mtter digestiility; ACPD = Apprent rude protein digestiility; Apprent metolisle energy digestiility; ANDFD = Apprent neutrl detergent fire digestiility; AADFD = Apprent id detergent fire digestiility 3.3. Milk Yield nd Composition Dietry tretment did not result in signifint differene (P > 0.05) for milk yield, lthough ows on T5 diet tended to hve slightly higher milk yield of 4.96%, 11.01%, 5.78% nd 1.22% thn T1, T2, T3 nd T4, respetively. Milk yield seemed to hve delined with n inrese in mize rn proportion in the totl rtion (Tle 4). In generl, ows on ll dietry tretment le to retined the verge milk yield of kg/d for the entire lttion period of 105 dys. Tretment effets were lso non-signifint (P > 0.05) for ll milk omposition prmeters onsidered exept for milk ft. However, there seems to e numerilly smll liner inrements from T1 to T5 for milk protein nd T2 to T5 for ltose. Unlike milk protein, ltose nd totl solids, signifint vrition existed for milk ft wherey ows supplemented with oth T1 nd T3 hd higher (P < 0.05) ft perentge thn ows fed on oth T2 nd T5. But, there ws no signifint (P > 0.05) differene for ft perentge mong T1, T3 nd T4. Tle 4. Averge dily milk yield nd milk omposition of rossred diry ows fed nturl psture hy sl diet nd supplemented with different onentrtes Tretment Milk yield (kg/d ) omposition Ft (% ) Protein Milk Ltose Totl solids T T T T T Men SEM = within olumn, mens with different supersripts re signifintly different (P<0.05); T1= 65% WB + 33% NSC + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T2 = 20% BDG + 78% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T3 = 38% BDG + 60% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T4 = 58% BDG + 40% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; T5 = 78% BDG + 20% MB + 2% slt + d liitum nturl psture hy; SEM = stndrd error of mens; WB = whet rn, NSC = noug seed ke, MB = mize rn nd BDG = reweries dried grin 4 DISCUSSIONS 4.1. Chemil Composition of Experimentl Feeds The onentrte mix (whet rn nd noug seedke) nd reweries dried grin hve CP ontents greter thn 15%, level tht is usully required to support lttion nd growth (Norton, 1982). However, the CP onentrtion of mize rn ws lower thn 15%, whih indite tht it is indequte to support lttion unless supplemented with other protein soures. Both reweries dried grin nd noug seed ke re good soure of protein supplement feed ingredients for diry ows due to its higher protein ontents reltively. Furthermore, ll ingredient feeds exept BDG hve NDF vlues lower thn the level (55% NDF) ove whih voluntry feed intke is limited (Vn Soest, 1965). Similrly, sed on Singh nd Oosting (1992), the onentrte mix (whet rn nd noug seedke) used in the present study fll in the tegory of high qulity feeds while mize rn with the NDF vlue of 47.28% n e tegorized s medium qulity feeds. However, the slightly higher NDF ontent in BDG tegorize this supplement s low qulity feeds. The CP ontent of nturl psture hy in the present study ws within the rnge (6-8%) elow whih ppetite nd forge intkes re depressed (Fors, 1995) nd within the rnge ( %) required for mintenne of nimls (Vn Soest, 1994). 4.2 Feed nd Nutrient Intkes The inrement of totl CP intke nd dry mtter intke s the proportion of reweries dried grin inresed in the present study ws in greement with the finding of Mulu (2005). The depression in the sl diet intke, totl DM intke nd totl CP intke oserved for T2 ompred to the other dietry tretments my e ttriuted to the high energy ontent of T2 whih ws onsistent with the generl ide tht nimls onsume to meet their physiologil energy demnd. In other words, if feeds re suffiiently pltle, the min dietry ftor tht ontrols voluntry feed intke is dietry energy onentrtion (Cheeke, 1999). The other reson for the depression of nutrient intke (DM intke, CP intke nd sl intke) might e due to the reltively low CP ontent of dietry tretment whih is onsistent with the finding tht supplementtion of low protein hy with low protein onentrte depressed the hy intke of ttle, while high protein onentrte stimulted hy intke (Elliott, 1967). The ME intke in ll tretments of the present study ws higher thn estimted dily ME

5 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 3, ISSUE (97.6 MJ/hed/dy) requirement of ltting ows weighing 400 kg nd produing 8-10 kg milk with 4.5% utter ft (ARC, 1990). When ompred to the dily requirement of ows yielding 8-10 kg milk of 4.5% utter ft, there is still n dvntge of 22.39, 18.47, 18.01, nd MJ/d for T1, T2, T3, T4 nd T5, respetively. As fr s protein requirement is onerned, the CP intke in ll tretments of the present study ws higher thn the estimted dily llowne of CP (866.5 g/d ) requirement of ltting ows produing 8-10 kg of milk yield per dy with 4.5% utter ft (ARC, 1990). It ould e relized from the present study tht CP intke ws not t ll limittion to the estimted (8-10 kg/d) milk yield. When ompred with the estimted dily llowne of CP (866.5 g/d), there is n extr llowne of 0.69, 0.17, 0.32, 0.50 nd 0.67 kg/d for T1, T2, T3, T4 nd T5, respetively Apprent Dry Mtter nd Nutrient Digestiility The pprent DM digestiility oeffiient of tretment feeds in the present study were in greement with the finding of Emeet (2008), who reported non-signifint differene for dry mtter digestiility mong the supplemented groups of lkhed Ogden sheep fed hriot en hulms with mixtures of whet rn nd reweries dried grin. The higher (P < 0.01) digestiility of CP in T5 supplemented nimls ompred to T2, T3 nd T4 in the present study ould e ttriuted to the higher supply of dietry protein whih ws omprle with the findings of MDonld et l. (2002) who noted etter CP digestiility due to high CP intke. It hs een reported tht inresing CP in the onentrtes inresed the digestiility of CP (Hirut, 2008). In ddition, Rnjhn (1997) reported tht the level of protein my influene the digestiility of feed nd higher level of protein my improve the pprent digestiility of feeds. Similrly, Sievert nd Rndy (1993) reported the signifintly higher (P < 0.001) totl pprent digestiility of CP due to the higher dietry CP ontent. The insignifint vrition mong the different proportion of reweries dried grin nd mize rn supplemented groups for pprent neutrl detergent fier digestiility nd etween different tretment diets for pprent ADF digestiility in the present study ws omprle with different reserh results. Kitho et l. (1998) indited tht supplementtion hd little or no effet on fier digestiility. Similrly, Ash nd Norton (1987) reported tht high protein diets hd no effet on the digestiility of ADF nd NDF. 4.4 Milk Yield nd Composition Milk yields of ll experimentl ows exept those mintined on T2 in the present study were higher thn the requirements of the projeted milk yield (8-10 kg/d) with 4.5% utterft ontent of ows weighing 400 kg ody weight (ARC, 1990) when supplemented with onentrte rtion t the rte of 0.5 kg/l of milk. However, the milk yields of ows reeived T2 ws within projeted rnge (ARC, 1990). Protein requirements nd ME intkes were oserved to e fully met y dietry tretments nd slightly higher thn the CP nd ME projeted y ARC (1990) (Tle 2). The higher energy nd protein intke of ltting rossred diry ows greter thn those desried y ARC (1990) in the present study resulted in men dily milk yield of kg/d, whih is slightly higher thn the rnge (8-10kg/d) doumented y ARC (1990). Milk yield nd milk protein onstituent in the urrent experiment inresed s the proportion of reweries dried grin in the totl rtion inresed nd numerilly highest for ows mintined on T5 possily euse the diet hd high proportion of reweries dried grin whih ontin high mount of undegrdle protein essentil for uilding up ody reserves needed for milk synthesis during lttion. This ws omprle with the finding tht noted dried reweries grins ontin high mount of undegrdle protein, whih mke them good soure of rumen y-pss protein (Merhen et l., 1979) tht remins intt nd eomes ville in the omsum nd smll intestine where they re utilized y the nimls. This prt, the supplement ontined BDG whih hs high mount of undegrdle protein, mking them good soure of rumen y-pss protein (Chiou et l., 1998) nd the use of inresed mount of rumen undegrdle protein (y-pss protein) from dietry onentrtes inresed milk yield euse of improved protein supply nd improved intke of metolisle energy from the onentrtes whih is greed y the report of Cunninghm et l. (1996). However, the low dily milk yield reorded in T2 might e due to the low DMI oupled with low totl CPI of ows supplemented with diets of those tretments. The high milk protein ontent oserved for T5 in the urrent study ompred to others ould e ttriuted to the high protein intkes of the ows (Tle 3) whih hs een reported to inrese milk yield nd milk protein onentrtion. This is in greement with the findings of Phipps (1994). However, the level of CP intke didn t signifintly (P > 0.05) ffet the onentrtion of milk protein. Inresed dietry protein levels often inrese rtion digestiility nd feed intke, thus inresing ow's energy sttus nd milk yield. In this sitution, protein yield my e inresed through inresed milk prodution while milk protein perentge my not e ffeted s it is reported y Murry (1992). The deresed milk ft perentge in nimls mintined on T2 in the present study ws onsistent with the findings of Jniek et l. (2007) who reported deresed milk ft perentge y 0.26% with inresed orn rn inlusion from 10 to 25% of the diet DM, ut totl milk ft yield ws not ffeted. The uthor notied the deresed milk ft perentge with inresing inlusion of orn rn relted to the high ft ontent nd rih soure of linolei id of the diet. A uild up of the unsturted ftty id, linolei id, in the rumen my led to events tht n use milk ft depression whih is in greement with the report of Bumgrd et l. (2000). In ddition to this, it might e lso the higher energy ontent of the diet when ompred with other dietry tretments used for the study. Inresing the energy ontent of the diet y feeding onentrte will derese forge (fier) intke whih led the depression of ft perentge. The deresed milk ft perentge with inresing proportion of BDG in the present study might e the high ft (EE) omposition, totl long hin ftty ids nd totl unsturted ftty ids of the feed. Aording to Solomon (2007), the EE of Brewers grins were If the diet ontins over 5-6% nd there re lrge mounts of unsturted ftty ids, the io-hydrogention inresed leding to milk ft depression whih ws lso similr with the report of Dhimn et l. (1999). Similrly, Mhnken ( 2010) showed tht, the short nd medium hin ftty ids were deresed with inresing rewery spent grin

6 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS AND EMERGING ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOL 3, ISSUE inlusion. In other words, totl long hin ftty ids nd totl unsturted ftty ids were inresed with inresing rewery spent grin inlusion. Inresed mounts of long hin ftty ids supplied in the diet n inhiit de novo synthesis. As onsequene deresed quntities of short nd medium hin ftty ids my e the outome whih ontriutes redution in milk ft perentge. The sene of signifint differene for milk ltose nd totl solids in the present study ws in greement with the findings of Vrg nd Ishler (2008) who reported tht onentrtions of ltose, minerls nd other solids onstituents of milk do not respond preditly to djustments in diet. 5 CONCLUSIONS It n e judged from the present study tht the different proportion of onentrte mixture used in the urrent study ontined suffiient mount of energy nd protein feeds ove the level reommended in ARC (1990), nd suffiient enough to support the projeted milk yield (8-10 kg/d). Therefore, it n e onluded tht supplementing low qulity sl diets with reweries dried grin nd mize rn ould e lterntive soures of diry feed supplements to provide dequte nd required mount of protein nd ME for diry nimls. Thus, it n e onluded tht the different proportion of reweries dried grin nd mize rn mixtures in the present study hve potentil to reple the onentrte mix (T1) without signifint redution in milk yield of ltting rossred ows fed sl diet of nturl psture hy nd le to support the oserved milk yield (10.33 kg/d). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The uthors knowledge Ministry of Edution (MoE) fortheir finnil support to this study. The uthors duly knowledge the Hollet Agriulturl Reserh Institute for their support y llowing the ple in whih the experiment ws rried out s well s experimentl niml. REFERENCES [1] Mohmed A.M. Ahmed, Simeon Ehui nd Yemesrh Assef, Diry development in Ethiopi. EPTD Disussion Pper No Wshington DC, U.S.A. [2] Ketem Hizkis nd Tsehy Redd, Diry prodution system in Ethiopi. In: Strtegies for mrket orienttion of smll sle milk produers nd their orgniztions. FAO (Food nd Agriulturl Orgniztion of the United Ntion. Proeeding of the workshop held t 20-24th mrh, Morogoro, Tnzni. [3] CSA (Centrl Sttistil Ageny), Federl Demorti Repuli of Ethiopi Agriulturl smple survey. Report on Are nd Prodution of rops ulletin, Volume IV. Addis A, Ethiopi. [4] Vrel-Alvrez, H., Avilility nd Utiliztion of Alterntive Feeds. Report prepred for ACDI/VOCA., Addis A, Ethiopi. [5] AOAC (Assoition of Anlytil Chemists), Offiil methods of Anlysis. 15th edition. AOAC In, Arlington, Virgini, USA. [6] Vn Soest, P. J. nd J. B. Roertson, Anlysis of forge nd firous foods. A lortory mnul for niml siene 613 Cornell University, Ith, New York, USA. [7] Tilley, J. M. A. nd R. A. Terry, A two-stge tehnique for in Vitro digestion of forge rops. J. British Grsslnd Soiety 18:104. [8] Pyne, G. T., The determintion of milk protein y forml dehyde titrtion. Biohemistry Journl. 26: [9] Rihrdson, G. H., Stndrd methods for the exmintion of milk produts. 15th ed. Amerin Puli Helth Assoition. Wshington, D. C. PP [10] Ltosope Cn-2.1. Users mnul Ver. 1.1., 2000, Mid infrred milk produt Anlyzer. [11] SAS., Sttistil Anlysis System softwre, Version 9.0, SAS Institute, In., Cry, NC, USA. [12] MDonld, P., R.W. Edwrd, J.F.D. Green hlgh nd G.A. Mogn, Animl nutrition 6th ed. Person edutionl limited. Edinurgh, Gret Britin. 544p. [13] Norton, B. W., Differene etween speies in forge qulity. In: J. B.(ed), nutritionl limits to niml prodution from pstures. pp Pro. Of n interntionl symposium held t St. luie, Queens lnd, Austrli, August 24-28, 1981, Common Welth Agriulturl Bureus, UK. [14] Vn Soest, P. J., Symposium of ftors influening the voluntry intke in reltion to hemil omposition nd digestiility. J. Anim. Si. 24: 834p. [15] Singh, G. P. nd S. J. Oosting, A model desriing the energy vlue of strw. Indin Dirymn XLIV: [16] Fors, J. M., Voluntry feed intke nd diet seletion in frm nimls. CAB interntionl. Wllingford, UK. 532p. [17] Vn Soest, P. J., Nutrition Eology of Ruminnts. 2nd ed Cornell University press, London. 476p. [18] Mulu Moges, Effets of feeding different levels of rewery dried grin on live weight gin nd rss hrteristis of Woger sheep fed grss hy sl diet. An MS. Thesis presented to the shool of grdute studies of Alemy University. [19] Cheeke, P. R., Applied Animl nutrition: feed

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