Supplementary information to accompany the manuscript entitled:

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1 Supplementry informtion to ompny the mnusript entitled: A mternl junk food diet in pregnny nd lttion promotes n exerted tste for junk food nd greter propensity for oesity in rt offspring y Stéphnie A. Byol, Smnth J. Frrington & Neil C. Stiklnd. Summry of the rtile: We hve exmined the influene of mternl junk food diet during pregnny nd lttion on the feeding ehviour nd growth in the offspring from wening (21 dys) up to 10 weeks fter irth. Results showed tht 10 week old offspring exposed to mternl junk food diet during gesttion nd lttion exhiited hyperphgi nd preferene for junk food rih in ft, sugr nd slt t the expense of protein-rih foods ompred with offspring fed lned how diet efore wening or during lttion. This exerted hyperphgi ws ompnied y inresed ody weight nd BMI. This supplementry informtion file ontins the ingredients nd the nutritionl informtion of the vrious foods used in the study (supplementry tle 1) nd grphi representtion of the soure of the energy onsumed y mothers fed the junk food diet during pregnny nd lttion (supplementry figure 1). Supplementry figure 2 lso illustrtes the food preferenes while supplementry figure 3 shows energy intke expressed per grm of ody mss s well s feed effiieny. Supplementry tles 2, 3, 4 nd 5 illustrte the ody mss of dms nd offspring in eh nutritionl group t vrious stges of the study. 1

2 21 22 Supplementry tle 1. Nutritionl informtion for 100g of eh foodstuff used in the study, s supplied y the mnufturers. 23 Energy kj (kl) Chow Proteins (g) Crohydrtes (g) Surose (g) Totl ft (g) Sturted ft (g) Sodium (g) Dietry fires (g) (363.3) Bisuit (497.5) Flpjk (446.0) Cheese tre (410.0) Crisps (557.0) Doughnut (293.0) Muffin (415.1) Choolte tre (449.0) Mrshmllow (318.0)

3 List of ingredients for the vrious omponents of the diet s supplied y the mnufturers: RM3 how from SDS Ltd, UK (info@sds diets.om): whet, whetfeed, de-hulled extrted tosted soy, rley, fish mel, whey powder, mro minerls, yest, soy oil, vitmins, miro minerls, mino ids. Bisuits: whet flour, vegetle nd hydrogented vegetle oil, wholemel flour, sugr, otmel flour, whey powder, prtilly inverted sugr syrup, sodium hydrogen ronte, mmonium hydrogen ronte, slt. Flpjks: ots (38%), utter (24%), golden syrup (21%), sugr, skimmed milk powder, slt. Cheese: psteurized ultured milk, slt, enzymes. Potto risps: dehydrted pottoes, vegetle oil, orn flour, whet strh, mltodextrin, emulsifier: E471, slt, rie flour, dextrose. Jm doughnuts: whet flour, gluose-frutose syrup, rsperries, sugr, petin, itri id, potssium sorte, flvouring, sodium itrte, wter, vegetle oil, yest, dextrose, sugr, slt, disodium diphosphte, sodium hydrogen ronte, sodium steroyl-2-ltylte, mono-&- dietyl trtri esters of mono-&- diglyerides of ftty ids, mono-&-diglyerides of ftty ids, whole egg powder, full ft soy flour, hydroxypropyl methyl ellulose, sori id. Muffins: whet flour, sugr, psteurised whole egg, vegetle & hydrogented vegetle oil, milk hoolte hips (11%) (sugr, full rem milk powder, oo utter, oo mss, whey powder, skimmed milk powder, soy leithin, flvouring), wter, modified mize strh, whey powder, rising gents: sodium hydrogen ronte, sodium luminium phosphte, emulsifiers: mono- nd diglyerides of ftty ids, propylene glyol esters of ftty ids, slt, whet gluten, xnthn gum, gur gum, flvouring. Choolte: sugr, gluose syrup, skimmed milk powder, vegetle ft, oo utter, oo mss, ltose, milk ft, whey powder, ft redued oo, mlt extrt, emulsifiers (E422, Soy 3

4 Leithin), slt, egg white, hydrolysed milk protein, flvouring, (Tres: Penut), milk hoolte ontins milk solids 14% minimum.. Mrshmllows: sugr, gluose syrup, wter, mize strh, eef geltine, flvourings, ohinel. 55 4

5 56 57 Supplementry figure 1. Soure of energy onsumed during pregnny nd lttion in rt dms fed the junk food diet. Keys: energy from how, energy from junk food Perentge Soure of energy onsumed Pregnny Lttion 5

6 Supplementry figure 2. Averge dily nutrient intke for post-ntl weeks 4 to 10. Offspring exposed to the junk food diet throughout the study (JJJ) exhiit n exerted preferene for ftty (A nd B), sugry (C nd D) nd slty (C) foods t the expense of foods rih in protein (E) nd fire (F). Keys: open symols indite nimls wened on how lone while filled symols indite those wened on junk food, CCC =, CCJ =, JCC =, JCJ =, JJC =, JJJ =. Different letters t week 10 indite sttistil differenes mong the six nutritionl groups (P<0.05) y hierrhil 2-wy ANOVA followed y Tukey HSD post ho nlyses. 6

7 69 7

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Supplementry figure 3. Energy intke per grm of ody weight ws inresed in offspring wened on the junk food diet regrdless of the mternl diet (A).

8 Supplementry figure 3. Energy intke per grm of ody weight ws inresed in offspring wened on the junk food diet regrdless of the mternl diet (A). Post-wening feed effiieny ws higher is offspring wened on how lone; offspring fed how lone efore wening exhiited redued feed effiieny ompred with other offspring wened on the feteri diet ut whih hd lso een exposed to this diet either throughout gesttion nd lttion or gesttion lone (B). Different letters indite sttistil differenes mong the six nutritionl groups (P<0.05) y hierrhil 2-wy ANOVA followed y Tukey HSD post ho nlyses

9 Supplementry tle 2. Body mss (grms) of dms t mting, t gesttion dy 20 (G20) nd t the end of lttion (L21). Keys: C: how diet during gesttion, J: junk food diet during gesttion, CC: how diet during gesttion nd lttion, JC: junk food diet during gesttion nd how during lttion, JJ: junk food diet during gesttion nd lttion. Different letters indite sttistil differenes (P<0.05) mong nutritionl groups for eh stge. 86 Stge Group Men SEM Mting C J G20 C J L21 CC JC JJ

10 Supplementry tle 3. Body mss (grms) of offspring t irth, t wening nd t post-ntl week 10. Offspring were either fed how lone (C) or with junk food diet (J) during gesttion, lttion nd/or fter wening (see figure 1 for detiled desription of group nmes). Different letters indite sttistil differenes (P<0.05) mong nutritionl groups for eh growth stge. 94 Growth stge Sex Group Men SEM Birth Mles & C femles J Wening Post-ntl week 10 Mles & femles Mles Femles CC JC JJ CCC CCJ JCC JCJ JJC JJJ CCC CCJ JCC JCJ JJC JJJ

11 Supplementry tle 4. Body mss (grms) of mle offspring t post-ntl weeks 4 to 10. Offspring were either fed how lone (C) or with junk food diet (J) during gesttion, lttion nd/or fter wening (see figure 1 for detiled desription of group nmes). Different letters indite sttistil differenes mong the six nutritionl groups (P<0.05) y one-wy ANOVA nd Gmes-Howell post ho nlyses for eh growth stge. 101 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Group Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM CCC CCJ JCC JCJ JJC JJJ

12 Supplementry tle 5. Body mss (grms) of femle offspring t post-ntl weeks 4 to 10. Offspring were either fed how lone (C) or with junk food diet (J) during gesttion, lttion nd/or fter wening (see figure 1 for detiled desription of group nmes). Different letters indite sttistil differenes mong the six nutritionl groups (P<0.05) y one-wy ANOVA nd Gmes-Howell post ho nlyses for eh growth stge. 108 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Group Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM Men SEM CCC d CCJ d e JCC d d JCJ JJC d d JJJ d d e

A maternal junk food diet in pregnancy and lactation promotes an exacerbated taste for junk food and a greater propensity for obesity in rat offspring

A maternal junk food diet in pregnancy and lactation promotes an exacerbated taste for junk food and a greater propensity for obesity in rat offspring British Journl of Nutrition (27), pge 1 of 9 q The uthors 27 doi: 1.117/S7114781237 mternl junk food diet in pregnny nd lttion promotes n exerted tste for junk food nd greter propensity for oesity in rt