Effect of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata) and Pineapple (Ananas Comosus Linn) on Obese Hyperlipidemic Rats

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1 Ademi Journl of Nutrition 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2015 DOI: /idosi.jn Effet of Pumpkin (Cuurit Mosht) nd Pinepple (Anns Comosus Linn) on Oese Hyperlipidemi Rts Rsh M. Bhnsy nd Ensf M. Yssin Fulty of Home Eonomis, Al Azhr University, Nwg, Tnt, Ghri, Egypt Astrt: The present study ws rried out to investigte the improvement role of Pumpkin (Cuurit mosht) nd Pinepple (Anns omosus Linn) on ody weight nd iohemil prmeters of oese hyperlipidemi rts. Mle lino rts Sprgue Dwley Strin (36 rts) weighing (150±10 gm.) were fed on sl diet for one week for dpttion. After this week, the rts were divided into two min groups s following: The first min group (6 rts) fed on sl diet (s ontrol negtive group). The seond min group (30 rts) ws fed on high ft diet (for four weeks) to indue oesity nd hyperlipidemi. Then, rts were divided into five groups (six rts eh) s following: Group (2) ws fed on high ft diet (s ontrol positive group), Groups (3 nd 4): were fed on high ft diet ontining dried pumpkin5% nd 7.5%. Groups (5 nd6): were fed on high ft diet ontining dried Pinepple5% nd 7.5% respetively. The otined results reveled tht: feeding oese hyperlipidemi rts on diet supplemented with dried pumpkin nd dried Pinepple using signifint inrese in the men vlue of serum HDL- nd signifint derese in the men vlue of oth BWG %, serum TG, Th, LDL-, VLDL-, ALT, ure nitrogen, gluose nd leptin s ompred to group of oese hyperlipidemi rts. Therefore, this study reommends tht intke of Pumpkin nd Pinepple my e enefiil for ptients who suffer from hyperlipidemi due to their nutritionl nd restortive properties. Key words: High ft diet Cuurit mosht Anns omosus Linn Oesity Hyperlipidemi Rts INTRODUCTION suh s hert disese, Type 2 dietes, high lood pressure, metoli syndrome, Cner nd Stroke [4]. Hyperlipidemi is one of importnt risk ftors Regulr onsumption of dietry ntioxidnts my redue involved in the development of rdiovsulr disese [1]. the risk of severl serious diseses [5]. Antioxidnt Tretment of hyperlipidemi involves diet ontrol, exerise ompounds found in fruits nd vegetles suh s nd the use of lipid-lowering drugs. However, some vitmin C, rotenoids nd flvonoids might influene the ptients nnot tolerte the dverse effets from these risk of CVD y preventing the oxidtion of holesterol in orl drugs. Consequently, there ontinues to e high rteries [6]. Anns omosus is one of the most populr demnd for new orl ntihyperlipidemi drugs [2]. tropil nd sutropil fruits with nutritionl vlue, some Mngement of hyperlipidemi without ny side effets folk mediinl uses hve een found. In Thilnd, A. is still hllenge to the medil system. Plnt produts omosus ws used s n indigenous mediinl plnt for re frequently onsidered less toxi nd freer from side the tretment of dysuri [7]. In Chin, A. omosus ortexes effets thn syntheti ones. Plnts ply mjor role in the served s lexiphrmi, ntitussive nd ntidirrhel introdution of new therpeuti gents nd hve reeived gents; nd A. omosus leves were usully used s n muh ttention s soures of iologilly tive ntidyspepsi or ntidirrhel gent in Chinese sustnes inluding ntioxidnts, hypoglyemis nd Trditionl Mediine [8]. Pumpkin is one of the wellhypolipidemis [3]. known edile plnts nd hs sustntil mediinl Oesity is omplex disorder involving n exessive properties due to the presene of unique nturl edile mount of ody ft. Oesity is not just osmeti sustnes. It ontins severl phyto-onstituents onern. It inreses risk of diseses nd helth prolems, elonging to the tegories of lkloids, flvonoids nd Corresponding Author: Rsh M. Bhnsy, Nutrition nd Food Sienes Deprtment, Fulty of Home Eonomis, Al Azhr University, Nwg, Tnt, Ghri, Egypt. Mo: , E-mil: wro822@yhoo.om. 90

2 Ad. J. Nutr., 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 plmiti, olei nd linolei ids. Vrious importnt mediinl properties inluding nti-dieti, ntioxidnt, nti-rinogeni, nti-inflmmtory nd others hve een well doumented [9]. Aim of work: The present study ws rried out to investigte the improvement role of Pumpkin (Cuurit mosht) nd Pinepple (Anns omosus Linn) on ody weight nd iohemil prmeters of oese hyperlipidemi rts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mterils: Csein, vitmin mixture, slt mixture, ellulose powder nd holine itrtrte were otined from Elgomhori Compny, Ciro, Egypt. Fts, sugr, orn oil nd ornstrh Pumpkin nd pinepple were otined from lol mrket in Elghri Governorte. Thirty-six mle lino rts of Sprgue Dwley Strin were otined from the lortory niml olony, Ministry of Helth nd Popultion, Helwn, Ciro, Egypt. Methods: Preprtion of plnt mterils: Pumpkin nd pinepple were dried ording to the method desried y Alis [10]. Biologil Investigtion: Mle lino rts Sprgue Dwley Strin (36 rts) weighing (150±10 g.) were housed in well erted ges under hygieni ondition nd fed on sl diet for one week for dpttion in the niml house of fulty of Home eonomis, Al Azhr University. The sl diet (sein sl diet) ws omposed of 20% sein (< 80% protein), 4g orn oil (4% ft), 3.5g minerls (3.5% slt mixture), 1g vitmins mixture (1% vitmin mixture), 5g ellulose (5% fier), holine hloride 0.25% nd orn strh up to 100g ording to Reeves et l. [11]. the slt mixture, whih used in this experiment ws s reommended y Hegsted et l. [12] nd the vitmin mixture s reommended y Muller [13]. After this week, the rts were divided into two min groups s following: The first min group (6 rts) ws fed on sl diet (s ontrol negtive group). The seond min group (30 rts) ws fed on high ft diet (for four weeks) to indue oesity nd hyperlipidemi [14]. After feeding on high ft diet lood smples were otined y retro oritl method to estimte lood lipids for mking sure of hyperlipidemi. Then one su group (6 rts) ws left s ontrol (+),while the other 4 su- groups were fed on high ft diet supplemented y dried pumpkin 5%, dried Tle A: The omposition of vitmin mixture Compound Amount Vitmin. A 60 (mg) Vitmin. D 2.5(µg) Vitmin. E 10 (mg) Vitmin. K (IU) Vitmin. C 20.0 (mg) Vitmin. B (mg) B1, HCl 50 (mg) B2 1 (mg) B 6, HCl 0.40 (mg) Clium Pntothonte 4.00 (mg) Niotini id 0.2 (mg) Coline hloride 200 (mg) Foli id 0.2 (mg) Inistol 25 (mg) p-amino -Benzoi id 10.0 (mg) Biotine 0.02 (mg) Corn strh Up to 100 g Aording to Muller [13]. pumpkin7.5%, dried Pinepple5% nd dried Pinepple7.5% respetively. Feeding tril ws ontinued for four weeks. Biologil Evlution: Body weight gin (BWG) nd orgns weight reltive to ody weight (%) were lulted ording to Chpmn et l. [15]. Biohemil Anlysis: At the end of the experiment, rts were fsted over night nd nesthetized with diethyl ether. Blood smples were olleted in len dry entrifuge tues from hepti portl vein nd left for 10 minutes to lot t room temperture, then entrifuged for 15 minutes t 3000 rpm to seprte the serum. Serum ws refully seprted nd trnsferred in to dry len Eppendorf tues nd kept frozen t 20 C until nlysis. The serum ws seprted to estimte some iohemil prmeters, i.e. totl holesterol y Allin et l. [16], Triglyerides y Fossti nd Prnipl [17], Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL ) ording to the eqution of Friedewld et l. [18], HDL holesterol ws determined ording to the method desried y Burstein [19], the onentrtion of LDL ws estimted ording to the eqution of Friedewld et l. [18], serum sprtte minotrnsferse (AST) nd Serum lnine minotrnsferse (ALT) were determined ording to Reitmn nd Frnkel [20], Serum ure ws determined s mg/dl ording to the method desried y Mlhotr [21], Serum uri id ws determined s mg/dl ording to fosstti et l [22], Serum gluose ws determined ording to the method desried y Trinder [23] nd Serum leptin ws determined s ng/ml ording to Liefers et l. [24]. 91

3 Ad. J. Nutr., 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 Histopthologil Exmintion: Speimens from liver were olleted fter kept in formlin then emedded in prffin; 4-6 thik setions were prepred nd stined with hemtoxylin nd eosin ording to Crleton [25]. Sttistil Anlysis: Dt were presented s mens±stndrd devition (SD). Vlues were sttistilly nlyzed y one-wy nlysis of vrine (ANOVA test) ording to Sendeor nd Cohrn [26] using SPSS 10.1 softwre pkge. Differenes were onsidered signifint t P vlues #0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biologil Evlution Feed intke (g/d) nd BWG%: As shown in Tle (1). It ould e notied tht, rts treted with Pumpkin nd Pinepple demonstrted no signifint differene P>0.05 in the men vlue of feed intke s ompred to ontrol negtive nd ontrol positive group. Control positive group lered signifint inrese in BWG% ompring to ontrol negtive nd other treted groups, on the other hnd tretment of oese hyperlipidemi rts with Pumpkin nd Pinepple lered signifint derese in BWG% ompring to the ontrol positive group. Feeding oese hyperlipidemi rts on Pumpkin demonstrted signifint derese of the men vlue of BWG% thn the group of rts, whih fed on Pinepple. When oese hyperlipidemi rts treted with 7.5% dried pumpkin illustrted signifint derese in BWG% thn other treted rts. There were no signifint differene etween rts treted with 7.5% dried Pinepple nd rts treted with 5% dried Pinepple. Our results indited tht, Pumpkin nd Pinepple sueeded in deresing BWG%. These findings re in greement with Al-Sowyn [27] who demonstrted tht onsumption of high ft diet signifintly inresed ody weight nd dipose tissue weight. Kumr et l. [28] found tht orl feeding of HFD (20 g/dy) for period of 28 dys resulted in signifint inrese in ody mss index. On the other hnd, our results dis gree with Liu et l. [29] s they onluded tht Pumpkin polyshrides ould inrese the weight, in dieti rts nd hve some good effets to dietes nd dietes omplitions. The role of Pumpkin nd Pinepple in deresing BWG% my e ttriuted to its phytohemil onstituents. One of these is romelin tht lims to hve therpeuti enefits on mny diseses. Tle 1: Men vlues±sd of feed intke (g/d) nd BWG% of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups Feed Intke (g/d) BWG% 15.46± ± ± ± ±2 e ± ±0.57 f ±9.21 Pinepple 5% 14.25±0.58 d -3.51±5.02 Pinepple 7.5% 14.46±1 d -7.67±4.40 Tle 2: Men vlues±sd of orgns weight / ody weight %of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups liver kidney spleen 3.28± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.24 Pinepple 5% 3.17± ± ±0.16 Pinepple 7.5% 3.56± ± ±0.17 Orgns Weight / Body Weight %: As shown in Tle (2), the men vlue of liver weight / ody weight % of ll treted groups hd no signifint differenes P > 0.05 s ompred to the men vlue of the ontrol ve group. The lowest men vlue of liver weight / ody weight % ws reorded for the ontrol +ve, while the highest men vlue ws reorded for group of rts, whih treted with Pinepple 7.5%. Rts treted with 5% dried pumpkin nd 7.5% dried Pinepple illustrted signifint inrese in liver weight / ody weight % ompred to the ontrol +ve group. As for the men vlue of kidney weight / ody weight % the lowest men vlue ws reorded for rts treted with 5% dried pumpkin while highest men vlue ws reorded for the ontrol ve group. Rts treted with 5% dried pumpkin, Pinepple 5% nd Pinepple 7.5% signifintly deresed in the men vlue of kidney weight / ody weight % ompred to group. Regrding spleen weight / ody weight % ll treted group hd no signifint differenes P > 0.05 s ompred to the men vlue of the ontrol ve nd group. The lowest men vlue of spleen weight / ody weight % ws reorded for the ontrol +ve, while the highest men vlue ws reorded for group of rts, whih treted with. Our results gree with Hsnin [30], she demonstrted tht feeding on hyperlipidemi hyperholesterolemi diet inrese the reltive weights of oth liver nd kidney signifintly ompred with rts fed on stndrd diet. Rik [31] reported tht extremely high vlues of triglyerides in the lood seen usully in hyperlipidemi ptients use pin, enlrgement or swelling (inflmmtion) of orgns suh s the liver, spleen nd kidney. Also Kumr et l. [28] found tht orl feeding of HFD (20 g/dy) for period of 28 dys resulted in signifint inrese in ody orgn weights. 92

4 Ad. J. Nutr., 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 Tle 3: Men vlues±sd of serum holesterol nd triglyerides of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups Serum T. h Serum T.G 91.83± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±9.02 Pinepple 5% ± ±4.88 Pinepple 7.5% ± ±12.61 Tle 4: Men vlues±sd of serum lipoproteins of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups HDL - LDL - VLDL ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.81 Pinepple 5% 76.00± ± ±0.98 Pinepple 7.5% 69.17± ± ±2.98 Biohemil Anlysis: Serum Cholesterol nd Triglyerides: As shown in Tle (3) the men vlue of serum (holesterol nd triglyerides) for the ve ontrol group deresed signifintly s ompred to the ontrol +ve nd other treted groups. Regrding the men vlue±sd of serum holesterol nd triglyerides it ould e oserved tht, ll treted groups not rehed to the men vlue of holesterol nd triglyerides for the ontrol-ve group. On the other side, ll treted groups showed signifint derese P> 0.05, thn the ontrol +ve group. There were no signifint differenes P>0.05, in the men vlue of serum (holesterol nd triglyerides) mong treted groups. The est results of the men vlues±sd of holesterol were reorded for the following groups with rrnging,, Pinepple 5%, Pinepple 7.5% nd., on the other side, the est results of the men vlue±sd of triglyerides ws for the following groups with rrnge,, Pinepple 5%, Pumpkin 7.5% nd Pinepple 7.5%.Our results greed with Rik, [31],who reported tht extremely high vlues of triglyerides in the lood re usully seen in hyperlipidemi ptients. On the other hnd, El Rey et l. [32] mentioned tht feeding rts on 1% holesterol signifintly inresed serum totl holesterol, triglyeride nd lipid peroxide, wheres tlse nd glutthione-strnsferse were deresed. El-Tntwy et l. [33] rememered tht the high-holesterol diet used signifint inrese in totl lipids, totl holesterol (TC) nd totl triglyerides (TG). Corresponding to polyphenols in generl nd flvonoids in prtiulr, mny studies investigted their effet on lipid profiles for exmple; Kollr et l. [34] found tht flvonoids signifintly redue the vlue of totl holesterol in the serum of hyperholesterolemi rts. Our results re in line with Weidong et l. [35], they studied the hypolipidemi mehnism of pinepple nd its tivities in lipid metolism enzymes in mie. Results led to the onlusion tht Anns omosus inhiited the synthesis of endogenous holesterol nd the tivity of HMGCoA redutse, whih might e due to the flvonoids present on it sine flvonoids re elieved to inhiit HMGCoA redutse tivity. The study lso suggested tht the plnt might ply role in inhiiting endogenous triglyeride synthesis. Mohmmed et l. [36] onluded tht dministrtion of three different doses of Anns omosus leves extrt deresed serum holesterol level nd serum triglyerides level. The umultive results lerly indite Anns omosus possesses potent hypoholesterolemi effet. Xin-Hu et l. [37] reported tht orl dministrtion of Pumpkin polyshrides ould signifintly derese the levels of plsm triylglyerol (TG), totl holesterol (TC) nd plsm low-density lipoprotein holesterol. Therefore, results suggest tht Pumpkin polyshrides hd high hypolipidemi tivity nd ould e explored s possile gent for hyperlipidemi. Serum Lipoproteins: As shown in Tle (4). Regrding the men vlue±sd of serum HDL- it ould e notied tht group signifintly deesed P < 0.05, s ompred to ontrol ve nd other treted groups ut in ontrst the sme group inresed signifintly P < 0.05, in the men vlue±sd of LDL- nd VLDL-, s ompred to ontrol ve nd other treted groups, on the other hnd there were no signifint differenes P< 0.05, mong ll treted groups P < 0.05 in the men vlue±sd of serum HDL-. The est result ws reorded for rts fed on. Conerning the men vlue±sd of LDL- it ould e oserved tht group signifintly inresed P < 0.05, s ompred to ontrol ve nd other treted groups. There were no signifint differenes P < 0.05, mong ll treted groups. More improvement ws oserved of the men vlue±sd in se of feeding rts on thn other treted groups. It ould e oserved tht the est results of the men vlue±sd of LDL- were reorded for the following groups with rrnging,, Pinepple 5%, nd Pinepple 7.5%. Feeding rts' high ft diet resulted in signifint inrese in the men vlue±sd of serum VLDL- t P < 0.05, ompring to other treted groups nd ontrol-ve group. There ws no signifint differene P < 0.05, in the men vlue±sd of serum VLDL- mong 93

5 Ad. J. Nutr., 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 Tle 5: Men vlues±sd of liver enzymes of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups AST ALT ALP ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±19.24 Pinepple 5% 91± ± ±18.02 Pinepple 7.5% 114± ± ±47.17 Tle 6: Men vlues±sd of kidney funtions of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups Ure nitrogen Cretinine 41.67± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.32 Pinepple 5% 32.83± ±0.04 Pinepple 7.5% 41.33± ±0.08 groups treted with Pumpkin nd Pinepple. From the otined dt in Tle (4) it ould e notied tht the est results of the men vlue±sd of VLDL- were reorded for the following groups with rrnging,, Pinepple 5%, nd Pinepple 7.5%. These findings re in greement with El Rey et l. [32], they mentioned tht feeding rts on 1% holesterol signifintly inresed low-density lipoprotein nd very low-density lipoprotein nd deresed serum high-density lipoprotein. El-Tntwy et l. [33] rememered tht the high-holesterol diet used signifint inrese in lowdensity lipoprotein holesterol (LDL-C) nd the therogeni index, wheres the level of high-density lipoprotein holesterol (HDL-C) ws signifintly deresed. It ws indited tht polyphenols hve the effet of improving lood lipid sttus vi inresing HDL- forming nd holesterol exretion [38]. More over our results re in greement with Weidong et l. [35]; they studied the hypolipidemi mehnism of pinepple nd its tivities in lipid metolism enzymes in mie. Results led to the onlusion tht Anns omosus inhiited the synthesis of endogenous holesterol nd the tivity of HMGCoA redutse, whih might e due to the flvonoids present on it sine flvonoids re elieved to inhiit HMGCoA redutse tivity. The study lso suggested tht the plnt might ply role in inhiiting endogenous triglyeride synthesis. Xie et l. [39] indited the potentil of A. omosus s nturl produt for hyperlipidemi tretment with mehnisms similr to those of sttins. Mohmmed et l. [36] onluded tht dministrtion of three different doses of Anns omosus extrt deresed serum LDL level. Serum HDL level ws not ffeted signifintly. The umultive results lerly indite Anns omosus possesses potent hypoholesterolemi effet. Foud [40] reveled tht hyperholesterolemi hmsters supplemented with rotene showed signifint redution in the men vlues of oth serum LDL- nd liver mlondildehyde. Xin-Hu et l. [37] reported tht orl dministrtion of Pumpkin polyshrides ould signifintly inrese the levels of plsm high-density lipoprotein holesterol. Therefore, results suggest tht Pumpkin polyshrides hd high hypolipidemi tivity nd ould e explored s possile gent for hyperlipidemi. Liver Enzymes: As shown in Tle (5) it ould e notied tht the men vlues±sd of ALT for ontrol ve group signifintly deresed P > 0.05, s ompred to ll treted groups. Group of ontrol +ve signifintly inresed P > 0.05, s ompred to other treted groups. There were no signifint differenes P > 0.05, mong ll treted groups. Regrding the men vlue±sd of AST It ould e notied tht group of rts, whih treted with signifintly, deresed P > 0.05, s ompred to ontrol ve, ontrol +ve nd other treted groups. There were no signifint differenes P > 0.05, mong ll groups exept group of rts treted with. In ddition, there ws no signifint differene P > 0.05 in the men vlue±sd of ALP, mong ll treted groups. Our results indited tht, Pumpkin nd Pinepple hd no signifint effet on AST nd ALP nd ffeted signifintly on ALT. These results re in line with Assy et l. [41], they reported tht the most ommon enzyme normlities in hyperlipidemi ptients with ftty infiltrtion of liver were elevted tivities of serum ALT nd ALP. In ddition, Foud, [40], found tht hyperlipidemi hmsters exhiited signifint inrese in oth serum ALT nd AST tivities ove the norml ontrol vlues y 15% nd 31%. Kidney Funtions :As shown in Tle (6) regrding the men vlue±sd of ure nitrogen (mg/dl) it ould e notied tht, there were no signifint differenes P > 0.05 mong group of rts treted with, group of rts treted with Pinepple 5% nd group of rts treted with Pinepple 7.5%. There ws no signifint differene P > 0.05 etween group of rts treted with nd group of rts treted with Pinepple 7.5%.Conern the men vlue±sd of retinine (mg/dl) ll treted groups reveled no signifint differene P > 0.05, s ompred to the helthy group nd ontrol +ve group. Our results indited tht, Pumpkin nd Pinepple hd no signifint 94

6 Ad. J. Nutr., 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 Tle 7: Men vlues±sd of Serum gluose nd leptin of ontrol rts nd treted groups (n= 36) Groups Gluose(mg/ dl) Leptin (ng/ ml) ±10.84 d 6.32± ± ± ±40.77 d 6.49± ± ±0.018 Pinepple 5% 93.83± ±0.074 Pinepple 7.5% 84.67±8.29 e 6.75±0.055 effet on retinine nd ffeted signifintly on ure nitrogen. El Rey et l. [32] mentioned tht kidney funtions prmeters in the holesterol-supplemented group were elevted ompred with the negtive ontrol. Serum Gluose nd Leptin: As shown in Tle (7) regrding the men vlue±sd of Gluose (mg / dl), it ould e notied tht, ll the treted groups reveled no signifint differene P > 0.05, s ompred to ontrol - ve group. Group of rts treted with Pinepple 5% nd group of rts treted with Pinepple 7.5% signifintly deresed P > 0.05 in the men vlue±sd of Gluose (mg / dl), s ompred to ontrol +ve group. Conern the men vlue±sd of Leptin (ng/ ml) group of rts treted with Pinepple 7.5% signifintly inresed P > 0.05 in the men vlue±sd of Leptin (ng/ ml), s ompred to ontrol +ve group, ontrol - ve group nd other treted groups. On the other hnd group of rts treted with signifintly deresed P > 0.05 in the men vlue±sd of Leptin (ng/ ml), s ompred to ontrol +ve group, ontrol - ve group nd other treted groups. There ws no signifint differene etween groups of rts treted with Pinepple 5% nd ontrol - ve group. There ws no signifint differene etween groups of rts treted with nd ontrol - ve group. Kumr et l. [28] mentioned tht oesity plys entrl role in the insulin resistne syndrome, whih is ssoited with hyperinsulinemi, hypertension, hyperlipidemi, type 2 dietes mellitus nd n inresed risk of therosleroti rdiovsulr disese lso, they reported tht orl feeding of HFD (20 g/dy) for period of 28 dys resulted in signifint inrese in serum leptin ntioxidnt enzymes levels were signifintly deresed. ZHU Hong et l. [42] onluded tht Pumpkin polyshrides ould derese the level of lood gluose of the dieti rts. Histopthologil Results: Liver setions otined from norml rts s ontrol negtive(untreted) nd rts pretreted with high ft diet then treted with high ft diet supplemented with dried pumpkin nd Pinepple were Photo 1: Liver of rt from ontrol Negtive group (helthy group) Showing the norml histopthologil Struture of hepti loule. (H & E 400). Photo 2: Liver of rt from group 2 (rts pretreted high ft diet) showing ongestion of entrl veins nd kepffer ells tivtion. (H & E 400). Photo 3: Liver of rt from group 3 (hyperlipidemi rts treted with ) showing fol hepti nerosis repled y mononuler ells. (H & E 400). 95

7 Ad. J. Nutr., 4 (3): 90-98, 2015 Sies nd Sthl [43] explined tht the higher dmge of liver in hyperlipidemi rts ould e due to exessive storge of ft, whih in turn effets liver funtions, inreses the tivity of liver enzymes nd inrese the suseptiility to free rdil ttk. El Rey et l. [32] mentioned tht Feeding rts on 1% holesterol used histologil ltertion in kidney, liver, hert nd testes ompred with the negtive ontrol. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Photo 4: Liver of rt from group 4 (hyperlipidemi rts treted with ) showing slight kepffer ells tivtion. (H & E 400). Beuse of the positive effet of Pumpkin nd Pinepple on the tested prmeters, n inrese in onsumption of Pumpkin nd Pinepple in the diet is reommended. Nutritionl edution progrms should e enourged to inform the puli of the importne of Pumpkin nd Pinepple in deresing the risk of hyperlipidemi. REFERENCES Photo 5: Liver of rt from group 5 (hyperlipidemi rts treted with pinepple 5%) showing slight kepffer ells tivtion. (H & E 400). Photo 6: Liver of rt from group 6 (hyperlipidemi rts treted with pinepple 7.5%) showing no histopthologil hnges. (H & E 400). studied histopthologilly to onfirm the iohemil results nd to oserve histopthologil lterntions fter tretment of pumpkin nd Pinepple on histopthologil struture of liver. 1. Frishmn, W.H., Biologi mrkers s preditors of rdiovsulr disese. Am. J. Med., 104: 18S-27S. 2. Stone, N.J., Lipid mngement urrent diet nd drug tretment options. Am. J. Med., 101: 40S-49S. 3. Bhtngr, D., Lipid-lowering drugs in the mngement of hyperlipidemi. Phrmol Therpeut, 79: 205S-230S. 4. Ppdkis, M.A., J.M. Stephen nd M.W. Row, Current Medil Dignosis & Tretment. 53 rd ed. New York : MGrw-Hill Edution, hpter, pp: Hunter, K.J. nd J.M. Fleher, The ntioxidnt tivity nd omposition of fresh, frozen, jrred nd nned vegetles. Innovtive Food Si. Emerging Tehnol., 3: 399S-406S. 6. Sri, V., N. Trj, M. Jkko nd H.R. Tiin, Crotenoids nd rdiovsulr helth. Am. J. Clin Nutr., 83: 1265 S-1271S. 7. Sripnidkulhi, B., V. Wongpnih, P. Lupttrksem, J. Suwnsksri nd D. Jirkulsomhok, Diureti effets of seleted Thi indigenous mediinl plnts in rts. J. Ethnophrmol., 75: Song, L.L., Chines Hers. Administrnt Deprtment of Ntionl Chinese Trditionl Mediine; Shng Hi, hpter, 8: Ydv, M.L., S. Jin, R. Tomr, G.B. Prsd nd H. Ydv, Mediinl nd iologil potentil of pumpkin: n updted review. J. Nutr. Res. Rev., 23: 184S-90S. 96

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