Eleraky Wafaa, Ibrahim Doaa, El-Murr, A. and Mahmoud Rania

Transcription

1 World Journl of Fish nd Mrine Sienes 6 (5): , 2014 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2014 DOI: /idosi.wjfms Effets of Dietry Inlusion of Blk Cumin Seeds, Green Te nd Propolis Extrtion on Growth Prmeters, Body Composition nd Eonomi Effiieny of Nile Tilpi, Oreohromis nilotius Elerky Wf, Irhim Do, El-Murr, A. nd Mhmoud Rni 1 Deprtment of Nutrition nd Clinil Nutrition, Fulty of Veterinry Mediine, Zgzig University, Zgzig, Egypt 2 Deprtment of Fish Diseses nd Mngement, Fulty of Veterinry Mediine, Zgzig University, Zgzig, Egypt Astrt: In this study, we evluted the effets of dietry Blk Cumin Seeds (BS), green te extrt (GTE) nd Propolis extrt (ethnol extrt of Propolis, EEP) on growth performne, ody omposition nd eonomi effiieny of Nile Tilpi, Oreohromis nilotius. A totl numer of 240 Nile tilpi fingerlings verging 23.34±0.13 g were divided into four groups, group1fed diet ontined no dditives (ontrol) nd the other three groups fed on sl diet whih ontined 0.75g GTE, 3g BS nd 5g EEP for 12 weeks. The finl ody weight (g), weight gin (g) nd FCR signifintly inresed in fish groups fed on BS followed y EEP nd finlly GTE supplemented diet. Groups fed diets supplemented y EEP nd group fed on diet supplemented y GTE showed the lowest vlue for feed intke while there ws no signifine differene in feed intke etween other Fish groups nd ontrol. The highest vlues of SGR were reorded in groups supplemented y BS then GTE nd EEP. The protein effiieny rtio showed signifine inrese (p<0.5) in groups fed on diet supplemented y BS nd EEP followed y group fed on GTE supplemented diet when ompred with ontrol group. On other hnd, the ddition of BS or GTE nd EEP to diet improved the fish ondition ftor. The highest vlues for DM% ws reorded in fish group fed on BS supplemented diet, the groups supplemented y BS, GTE nd EEP showed signifine inrese in vlues in CP ontent when ompred with ontrol. On other hnd the lipid ontent of fish were deresed signifintly in groups supplemented y BS, GTE nd EEP in ompred to ontrol. Finlly, ddition of GTE, BS nd EEP in fish diets reveled more eonomilly effiient prodution thn in fish fed the Control diet. Key words: Feed Additives Growth Nile Tilpi Helthy Condition Eonomi Effiieny INTRODUCTION performne nd immune system of some fish speies [3]. Green te (GT; Cmelli sinensis L.) is ommonly known Attempts to use the nturl produts of oth plnt s green te in the Indi nd hs een shown to ontin nd niml origin widely epted s feed dditives to vrious types of tehins, inluding more thn 70% enhne effiieny of feed utiliztion nd niml polyphenols nd vitmins, nitrogenous ompounds, produtive performne. The feed dditives improve the ffeine, inorgni elements, lipids nd rohydrtes [4]. immunity, produtivity nd eonomi effiieny of fish The nonoxidized nd unfermented leves ontin vi its improvement ody weight, weight gin nd feed mny omponents tht hve ntitumorigeni, ntionversion rtio [1]. inflmmtory, ntioxidtive, ntiprolifertive, ntiteril, Blk umin seed, Nigell stiv, n nnul her tht ntivirl nd ntiprsiti properties [5-7], tht mkes GT elongs to the otnil fmily of Rnuulee, showed possile ndidte to e used s feed dditive to ntiteril fungiidl effets [2]. Some reserhers hve enhne fish growth nd ontrol the teril disese. used lk umin seeds s enhner for growth Propolis, green-rown resinous sustne olleted y Corresponding Author: El-Murr, A, Deprtment of Fish Diseses nd Mngement, Fulty of Veterinry Mediine, Zgzig University, Zgzig, Egypt. E-mil: hkimelmor@hotmil.om. 447

2 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 ees from vrious plnt soures nd mixed with sereted eeswx, is multifuntionl mteril used y ees in the onstrution, mintenne nd protetion of their hives. In generl, it is omposed of 50% resin nd vegetle lsm, 30% wx, 10% essentil nd romti oils, 5% pollen nd 5% vrious orgni nd minerl ompounds [8]. The mjor tive omponents of Propolis extrts re flvonoids nd phenoli ids, omprising 25-30%, with mny iologil nd phrmologil tivities inluding ntiteril, ntivirl, nti-inflmmtory, nti-llergi nd vsodiltor tions, immunopotentition nd ntitumor effets [9]. This study imed to study the effet of some nturl feed dditives (BS, GT nd Propolis extrt) y suh doses omplete the work of other reserhes on growth, ody omposition nd eonomi effiieny of Nile tilpi fingerlings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimentl Fish nd Culture: A totl of 240 Nile tilpi fingerlings with initil ody weight of 23.34±0.13 g (men±sd) were divided into equl four triplite groups (eh replite ontined 20 fish) nd the replite of eh fish group ws stoked in its orresponding glss quri for two weeks to e limtized efore the strt of the experiment. The fish were loted in 12 retngulr glss quri (30 x 40 x 150 m) filled with dehlorinted tp wter whih ontinuously erted y smll ir ompressor. Men wter temperture ws 27±0.5ºC nd dissolved oxygen ws 6.1±0.02 mg/l, while ph ws 7.3±0.05. Preprtion of Ethnol Extrts of Propolis (EEP): EEP ws prepred following the method desried y Cuest et l. [10]. Briefly, rude Propolis smple ws olleted from ee frm t Dkhli provine. EEP ws prepred y dding 30 ml of solute ethnol to 3g mined Propolis in ir-seled ottles whih were ontinuously shken in drkness for 24 hrs t room temperture. The extrt ws then filtered twie, dried under vuum nd stored in ir-seled ottles t 4 C until use. Experimentl Diets nd Feeding Tril: Group 1 (ontrol), groups 2,3 nd 4 were supplemented with 0.75 g green te, 3 g of lk seed (BS) nd 5 g Propolis extrt (EEP), respetively. Green te ws suspended in 100 ml per one kg nd lended with the other ingredients. Tle (1) shows the formultion nd omposition of experimentl diet, ll fish groups were fed on the diets ording to Tle 1: Dietry formultion nd proximte omposition of the sl diet for Nile tilpi, (Oreohromis nilotius) Ingredients % Yellow orn Whet flour Soyen mel Fish mel Poultry y-produt mel Vegetle oil 5.50 Vitmins nd Minerls mixture* 1.50 Clulted omposition DM,% CP,% EE,% CF,% 2.42 NFE,% Ash,% 7.12 DE, Kl/ kg diet** 2940 ody weight t the rte of 3% during the 12 weeks of the experiment. The fish were weighed t strt nd every three weeks throughout the experiment. Ten fish were tken t the eginning nd end of the experiment from eh group to mesure their ody length to determine the ondition ftor. Vitmin mixture provides (g, mg or I.U/kg diet):- Vit. A 5000 I.U, D3 200 I.U, E. 100 mg, K 10 mg, C 1000 mg, B1 10 mg, B2 15 mg, B6 7.5 mg, B12 0.1mg, Biotin 0.2 mg, Foli id 0.4 mg, Choline HCL 1 g, Inositol 3000 mg, Pntotheni id 50 mg, Niotine 100 mg, P-minoenzoni id 50 mg. Minerl mixture: eh 1000 gm ontins: potssium hloride 16 gm, sodium hloride 250 gm, phosphorous 25 gm, iron 10 gm, mngnese 5 gm, mgnesium 40 gm, zin 5 gm, opper 5 gm, iodine 150 gm, nikel 90 gm, molydenum 100 gm, olt 10 gm, selenium 10 gm nd lium ronte till 1000 gm. Digestile energy lultion sed on vlues of protein 3.5 kl/gm, ft 8.1 kl/gm, NFE, 2.5 kl/gm [11]. Chemil Anlysis: Proximte hemil nlyses were mde for diet ingredients nd fish ording to stndrd methods [12]. Clultion of Growth Indies: The growth rte nd feed onversion rtio s well s protein utiliztion were lulted ording to Cstell nd Tiews [13] while the ondition ftor ws lulted ording to Gjedrem nd Gunnes [14] nd Speifi growth rte (SGR) nd Survivl rte (%) were lulted ording [15]. 448

3 Eonomi Effiieny Clultion: Eonomi effiieny ws lulted ording to the following eqution: Y= [(A-B)/B X 100] [16] where, A is the selling ost of otined gin nd B is the feeding ost of otined gin. Sttistil Anlyses: The otined dt in this study were sujeted to one-wy ANOVA nlysis of vrine [17, 18]. Differenes mong tretment mens were determined y Dunn s multiple rnge tests t (P<0.05) level of signifine [19]. World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 1: Effet of dietry supplement on ody weight development (g), throughout the experiment Survivl nd Growth Prmeters: Survivl rte (%) of fish rnged from 83.33% to 94.00% nd ws not The feed intke signifintly deresed in fish groups signifintly different mong the dietry tretments fed on diet supplemented y GTE then EEP in omprison (Tle 2). These results greed with [20] who reported with the ontrol group, while there ws no signifint tht survivl of juvenile Nile tilpi ws not signifintly differene etween groups fed lk umin seed nd ffeted y dietry inlusion of green te leves nd ontrol group. dietry EEP supplementtion of rinow trout On other hnd, feed onversion rtio (FCR), reveled juveniles [21]. Moreover dietry supplementtion of two tht fish groups fed on diet ontined 3 gm of BS or 5 g levels (5 nd 10g/kg diet) of Blk umin seeds (Nigell EEP reorded the est vlues for FCR followed y fish stiv) to fingerlings of Asin se ss not ffeted the groups fed on diet ontined 0.75 gm GTE when ompred mortlity rte [22]. with the ontrol group. Moreover, the protein effiieny The ody weight development throughout the rtio (PER) vlues were signifintly inresed in fish experimentl period is present in Fig (1). The finl results groups supplemented with EEP nd BS followed y GTE for growth performne prmeters re present Tle 2. when ompred with the ontrol group. These results The fish group fed on diet ontined 3gm of lk seed, gree with Adel-Tww nd Medht Seden [20] who reorded the est finl ody weight nd weight gin mentioned tht finl fish weight, weight gin, FCR, PER (54.45 nd g, respetively) followed y the fish nd SGR% signifintly (P<0.05) inresed with the GT group fed on diet ontined 5gm Propolis extrt, (50.15 g leves extrt up to 0.5g/kg diet, while there ws no nd 26.74, respetively) then the fish group fed on diet signifine in finl fish weight, weight gin, FCR, PER ontined 0.75 g green te, (47.28 g nd 24.03, nd SGR etween the ontrol group nd inlusion of respetively) in omprison with ontrol group (43.39 g 1g/kg of green te extrt. Similrly [22] oserved nd 19.94, respetively). improvement growth performne of Mugil ephlus fed Tle 2: Effet of experimentl diets on ll over growth performne of Nile tilpi (mens±se) Experimentl groups Prmeters Control Propolis extrt (EEP) GT leves extrt BS Initil BW (g) 23.45± ± ± ±0.25 Finl BW (g) D 43.39± ± ± ±2.34 Body gin (g) d 19.94± ± ± ±0.45 Speifi growth rte (%) 0.73± ± ± ±0.01 Feed intke (g) 44.41± ± ± ±0.48 Feed onversion rtio 2.23± ± ± ±0.03 Condition ftor 1.70± ± ± ±0.20 Protein effiieny rtio 1.28± ± ± ±0.05 Survivl (%) 83.33± ± ± ±0.33 Mens with different supersript letters denote signifint differene (P<0.05). 449

4 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 Tle 3: Effet of experimentl diets on ody omposition performne of Nile tilpi Groups Nutrient (%) Initil Propolis extrt (EEP) GT leves extrt BS Dry mtter 18.64± ± ± ±0.29 Protein 56.12± ± ± ±0.51 Ft 14.33± ± ± ±0.12 Ash 15.54± ± ± ±0.50 Mens with different supersript letters denote signifint differene (P<0.05). on 5 g nd 10g/kg diet of dietry supplementtion of lk ehviorl responses (lost of reflexes) nd therefore umin seeds or 6 weeks while there ws no signifine n e esily ught y dip net or y hnd e differene in feed intke. Inresed speifi growth rte ourse sik fish re not energeti. There were no nd food onversion rtio in Leo rohit fingerlings fed mrked differene in the ehviorl responses four different levels of lk seed (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 nd 5g /kg etween the tested fish groups, whih reeived diets feed) for 60 dys [23]. On other hnd, Deng et l. [21] supplemented with different feed dditives nd fish of stted tht dietry EEP supplementtion 2 nd 4 g/kg level ontrol group. signifintly improved the finl weight, weight gin, The fish reted rpidly to externl gittion so they speifi growth rte nd PER of rinow trout. Previous quikly sumerge to greter depth, swim wy from the studies with Nile tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) showed wter Surfe nd in generl their espe movements were -1 tht the inorportion of g kg rown Propolis energeti nd their generl helthy ondition were good -1 extrt, 10 g kg EEP or rude Propolis inresed the without ny hnges of the olor of the tested fish. growth performne nd deresed the feed onversion rtio [24]. In terrestril nimls, the ntimiroil nd/or Whole Body Composition: The results of whole ody ntioxidnt tivities of the omponents of EEP ould omposition re present in Tle 3. The results showed result in etter intestinl helth nd improved digestion tht the highest vlues of DM ontent were reorded in nd sorption nd therey improved the growth group fed on diet supplemented with lk umin seed, performne [25]. Adel-Tww nd Medht Seden [20] while the CP ontent were signifintly (P<0.05) inresed stted tht the inlusion of dietry GT in diet my in groups fed green te, lk seed nd Propolis extrt enhne the nutrients digestiility leding to improving while the EE ontent of the sme groups signifintly the nutrient utiliztion, whih explin the etter growth (P>0.05) deresed when ompred with ontrol group. nd feed utiliztion. Moreover, GT my ply n inhiiting These results gree with Adel-Tww nd Medht role with the potentil pthogens in the digestive trt, Seden [20] who onfirmed tht inlusion of GT extrt up enhne the popultion of enefiil miroorgnisms nd to 0.5g nd 1g/kg diet inresed protein ontent, while enhne the miroil enzyme tivity tht onsequently 0.5g /kg diet signifintly inresed totl lipids 1g/kg diet improves the feed digestiility nd nutrient sorption. signifintly deresed totl lipids ontent. Lin et l. [26] reported tht trditionl CMH my influene Whole-ody protein nd lipid ontent of juvenile eel, digestive proesses y enhning enzyme tivity nd Anguill jponi inresed up to pek vlues t the improving digestiility of nutrients nd thus my inrese Propolis level supplementtion of 0.5%, this my the diet evution rte s her levels inresed. explined s it is possile tht flvonoids in Propolis enhne food ingestion nd sorption, nutrient Evlution of the Helth Condition: Conerning the metolism, s well s speifi nd nonspeifi immune evlution of the helth ondition of the experimentl fish, responses in eel. On other hnd, there were no signifint there were found tht no hnges in the norml ehvior differenes in the whole ody ompositions of trout of the fish euse the tested fish were le to respond -1 juveniles fed on 1, 2 nd 4 g kg diet propolisfor10 weeks positively to ll tested reflexes espeilly the espe [28]. reflex, in whih the fish during nd t the end of the Adel wh nd El-Bhr [22] oserved tht DM, CP, experiment were le to exhiit norml responses in fish EE nd rude sh ontents of Asin sess not pond. Luky [27] reported tht sik fish do not ret to signifintly ffeted y ddition of 5 nd 10 gm lk externl gittion nd were not le to exhiit norml umin seed to the diet. 450

5 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 Tle 4: Effet of experimentl diets on Eonomi effiieny Groups Prmeters (%) Control Propolis extrt (EEP) GT leves extrt BS Diet ost (L.E * /kg diet) Feeding ost of otined gin ( L.E *) Fish selling ost of otined gin ( L.E */kg live weight) selling ost of otined gin ( L.E *) Eonomi effiieny (%) L.E * Egyptin Pound. Condition Ftor (K): The results of ondition ftor (k) 3. Di, A.S., S.M. Aly, G. John, Y. AdelHdi nd t the end of the experiment re present in (Tle 2). Fish groups fed on diets supplemented with green te, lk M.F. Mohmmed, Effet of grli, lk seed nd Biogen s immunostimulnts on the growth nd seed (BS) nd Propolis extrt (EEP) hd higher ody survivl of Nile tilpi, Oreohromis nilotius ondition ftor in omprison with the ontrol group. These results re supported y Gjedrem nd Gunnes [14] who reported tht the high ondition ftor is n inditor to the good nutritionl (helthy) stte of fish. 4. (Teleostei: Cihlide) nd their response to rtifiil infetion with Pseudomons fluoresens. Afrin Journl of Aquti Siene, 33(1): Kuo, K., M. Weng, C. Ching, Y. Tsi, S. Lin-Shiu nd J. Lin, Comprtive studies on the Eonomil Effiieny: The effet of experimentl diets on the eonomi effiieny in different fish groups re presented in (Tle 4). The highest eonomi effiieny ws reorded with fish groups fed diet ontined green te leves extrt (136.16%), followed y fish group fed on diet ontined lk umin seed (131.04%) then Propolis extrt supplemented diet (44.32%) in omprison with ontrol group (17.58%). Addition of feed dditives to fish diets n improve the immunity, produtivity nd eonomi effiieny of fish vi its improvement ody weight, weight gin nd feed onversion rtio [1]. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indited tht dietry inlusion of lk umin seeds, green te nd Propolis extrt exhiited good growth performne, helth ondition of Nile tilpi fingerlings. REFERNCES 1. Adel Hmid, E. nd K.A. Mohmed, Effet of using proioti s growth promoters in ommeril diets for monosex Nile tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) th fingerlings. 8 Interntionl Symposium on Tilpi in Aquulture Ciro Interntionl Convention Center (CICC). Egypt. 2. Akgul, A., Antimiroil tivity of lk umin (Nigell stiv L) essentil oil. Gzi Journl of Fulty of Phrmology, 6: hypolipidemi nd growth suppressive effets of oolong, lk, puerh nd green te leves in rts. J. Agri. Food Chem., 53: Isogi, E., H. Isogi K. Hirose, S. Hyshi nd K. Ogum, In vivo synergy etween green te extrt nd levofloxin ginst enterohemorrhgi Esherihi oli O157 infetion. Current Miroiology, 42: Weer, J.M., A. Ruzindn-Umunyn, L. Imeult nd S. Sirr. Inhiition of denovirus infetion nd denin y green te tehins. Antivirl Res., 58(2): Crespy, V. nd G. Willimson, A review of the helth effets of green te tehins in vivo niml models. Journl of Nutrition, 134: 3431S-3440S. 8. Tls, Z.S. nd M.F. Gulhn, Effets of vrious propolis onentrtions on iohemil nd hemtologil prmeters of rinow trout (Onorhynhus mykiss). J. Eotoxiology nd Environmentl Sfety, 72: Prytzyk, E., A.P. Dnts K. Slomão, A.S. Pereir, V.S. Bnkov, S.L. De Cstro nd F.R.A. Neto, Flvonoids nd trypnoidl tivity of Bulgrin propolis. J. Ethnophrmology, 88: Cuest, A., A. Rodríguez, M.Á. Estennd J. Meseguer, In vivo effets of propolis, honeyee produt, on gilthed serem innte immune responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 18: Sntigo, C., M. Bnesld nd M. Lron, Dietry rude protein requirement of Tilpi niloti-fry. Kliksn-the Philipp. J. Biol., 11:

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