18/01/2015. Review Session 4. Concept 1: Fluids. Def: Anything that can flow and take shape of container. Two types: Compressible and Incompressible

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1 Review Session 4 PRESSURE, ORGANIZATION IN THE HUMAN BODY, MUSCU LOSK E LETAL SYSTEM Concept 1: Fluids Def: Anything that can flow and take shape of container Two types: Compressible and Incompressible 1

2 Compressible Fluid Pushing against piston of syringe will compress the fluid and volume decreases Incompressible Fluid Pushing against piston of syringe will not compress the fluid, and volume stays the same 2

3 Concept 2: Pressure Def: Force applied perpendicular to the surface in question Two factors affect pressure, force and surface area Force, Pressure Surface area, Pressure **No pressure calculations, however, need to determine which scenario has higher or lower pressure, and explain why** Concept 2: Pressure Factors affecting pressure in a incompressible fluid Mass of fluid above object; mass, pressure Density of fluid; density, pressure 3

4 Concept 2: Pressure Factors affecting pressure in a compressible fluid Number of particle collisions; #particles, #collisions, pressure Volume of container; volume, empty space, #collisions, pressure Temperature of particles; temperature, speed of particle movement, #collisions, pressure temperature, speed of particle movement, #collisions, pressure State in which scenario the pressure is greater and why 100 ml of water (D=1.0 g/ml) 100 ml of mud (D=1.73 g/ml) 4

5 State in which scenario the pressure is greater and why 100 ml of water (D=1.0 g/ml) 150 ml of water (D=1.0 g/ml) State in which scenario the pressure is greater and why Gas particles with high temperature Gas particles with low temperature 5

6 Concept 3: Organization in the Human Body- Levels of Hierarchy Level 7: Organism Level 6: Systems Level 5: Organs Level 4: Tissue Level 3: Cells Level 2: Molecules Level 1: Atoms Concept 3: Organization in the Human Body- Levels of Hierarchy Level 1: Atom Level 2: Molecule Fundamental unit of matter Proton Electron Neutron Two or more atoms which are chemically bounded 6

7 Level 3: Cells Need to know what an animal cell looks like Require organelles to know (function and location) Nucleus Cytoplasm Cellular Membrane Concept 3: Organization in the Human Body- Levels of Hierarchy Level 4: Tissue Level 5: Organ A group of similar cells that have a common structure and function Four types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve Structure composed of two or more different tissue types that perform one or more specific functions Need to know specific examples 7

8 Concept 3: Organization in the Human Body- Levels of Hierarchy Level 6: Organ System Level 7: Organism A group of organs and tissues working together to do a common function Need to know organs in common organ systems Need to know basic function of organ system Living entity produced as a result of multiple different organ systems working together The heart and the aorta are part of what organ system: a) Cardiovascular b) Digestive c) Respiratory d) Reproductive 8

9 The trachea and the lungs are part of what organ system: a) Cardiovascular b) Digestive c) Respiratory d) Reproductive The esophagus and the stomach are part of what organ system: a) Cardiovascular b) Digestive c) Respiratory d) Reproductive 9

10 The function of the respiratory system is to a) Allow for sexual reproduction b) Break down food into simple nutrients c) Transport blood and nutrients around the body d) Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide The function of the reproduction system is to a) Allow for sexual reproduction b) Break down food into simple nutrients c) Transport blood and nutrients around the body d) Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide 10

11 The function of the cardiovascular system is to a) Allow for sexual reproduction b) Break down food into simple nutrients c) Transport blood and nutrients around the body d) Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide The function of the musculoskeletal system is to a) Allow for organs to move internally and externally b) Break down food into simple nutrients c) Maintain body posture d) Both b and d 11

12 Concept 4: Musculoskeletal System Composed of Bones Joints Muscles Bones: need to know Type of bone (compact and spongy) Categories of bone (long, short, flat, irregular) Main bones in body (see skeleton) Anatomy of long bone Concept 4: Musculoskeletal System Joints: need to know Main categories of joints (fixed, semi-movable, freely-movable) Hinge : move along one axis, elbow/knee Pivot: move along mult. Axis in circle; neck Ball and socket: move along mult. axis; shoulder, hip Types of movement Extension: angle Flexion: angle Abduction: away from midline Adduction: towards midline Rotation 12

13 Concept 4: Musculoskeletal System Muscle: need to know Key function; move, posture, joint stabilization Types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac **(details and i.d. sketch) Main muscles in body Antagonist Muscles Two pairs of muscles for voluntary movement One muscle contracts in pair, the other muscle relaxes, allowing for bone to move Bicep and Triceps Quadriceps and Hamstring 13