200 meter or yard event. However, it is also the lead off event in the individual medley,

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3 Butterfly is one of four competitive strokes in swimming. Usually it is raced, in a 100 or 200 meter or yard event. However, it is also the lead off event in the individual medley, meaning it is part of a longer event composed of all four competitive strokes, swam either individually or as a team. It is often said that butterfly is the most difficult as you have to use much of your upper body strength to pull yourself through the water. The stroke itself is symmetrical; however, it also includes a roll through the body, which can sometimes become more complicated. The pictures that I have included are of Michael Phelps, one the best butterfliers in the world, swimming into the wall where he touched out his competitors. The stroke begins in a streamline position (shoulder abduction) with both hands above the head and the legs together. There is a small but noticeable amount of hip flexion at the start of the first stroke. The shoulders then adduct, bringing both of the arms and hands down with them. The shoulders pull through the water bringing the hands near the thighs. The trunk is also contracting at this point to help pull through the water. Notice, in picture two, when the arms are being pulled through the water to the thigh, the legs begin their kick. The knee flexes with a small amount of hip flexion but both quickly extend out for the kick, creating the roll effect. This is to help with the fluidity of the stroke and minimize the force put on the arms and shoulders. Upon getting the hands to the thighs, the arms will then need to be thrown over the water to the front of the head again. The head should always remain in the water, unless a breath is necessary. The neck and head will be hyperextended when a breath is needed. It is not recommended that a breath is taken every stroke as it can easily lead to hyperventilation. As you can see, the ankles and feet are in a plantar flexion position the entire stroke. This

4 allows for a proper kicking motion. The pictures show the cycle of the stroke with the breath included. Butterfly has many different components and uses the body to its fullest. Those who swim butterfly often tend to have much broader shoulders as well as strong leg muscles.

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6 Picture 1 Shoulders (right Elbow (right Wrists (Right Fingers (Right Anterior Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Muscle Middle Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Muscle Posterior Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Muscle Supraspinatus Abduction Shoulder 120 Brachialis Flexion Elbow Biceps Brachii Flexion Elbow Brachioradialis Flexion Elbow Pronator Teres Flexion Elbow Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Ulnar deviation Wrist 45 Extensor Carpi Ulnar Deviation Wrist 45 Ulnaris Dorsal interossei Abduction MCP 0 Abductor digiti minimi Abduction MCP 0 Abductor Pollicis Abduction CMC 0 brevis Abductor pollicis Abduction CMC 0 longus Neck Splenius Capitis Hyperextension Vertebral Splenius Cervicis Hyperextension Vertebral Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral Interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Rectus Femoris Flexion Hip 45 Thumb (Right Trunk and Back Hips (right Iliopsoas Flexion Hip 45

7 Knees (right Ankles (right Feet (right and left) Pectineus Flexion Hip 45 Rectus Femoris Extension Knee 0 Vastus Lateralis Extension Knee 0 Vastus Medialis Extension Knee 0 Vastus Intermedialis Extension Knee 0 Neutral Neutral

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9 Picture 2 Body Part Muscle Action Joint Degrees/Position Shoulders Anterior Deltoid Horizontal Shoulder 45 (right Muscle Adduction Pectoralis Major Horizontal Shoulder 45 (Both portions) Adduction Teres Minor Horizontal Shoulder 45 Adduction Elbows (right Brachialis Flexion Elbow Biceps Brachii Flexion Elbow Brachioradialis Flexion Elbow Pronator Teres Flexion Elbow Wrists (Right Neutral Fingers (Right Dorsal interossei Abduction MCP 0 Abductor digiti Abduction MCP 0 minimi Thumb (Right Abductor Pollicis Abduction CMC 0 brevis Abductor pollicis Abduction CMC 0 longus Neck Splenius Capitis Hyperextension Vertebral Splenius Cervicis Hyperextension Vertebral Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Trunk and Back Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral Interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Hips (right and Gluteus Maximus Extension Hip 0

10 left) Knees (right Ankles (right Semimembranosus Extension Hip 0 Semitendinosus Extension Hip 0 Biceps Femoris Extension Hip 0 Semimembranosus Flexion Knee 75 Semitendinosis Flexion Knee 75 Both heads Biceps Flexion Knee 75 Femoris Popliteus Flexion Knee 75 Gastrocnemius Flexion Knee 75 Gastrocnemius Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Soleus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Plantaris Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Tibialis Posterior Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Flexor Hallucis Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15

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12 Picture 3 Body Part Muscle Action Joint Degrees/Position Shoulders (right Elbows (right Wrists (Right Fingers (Right Thumb (Right Posterior Deltoid Hyperextension Shoulder 45 Latissimus Dorsi Hyperextension Shoulder 45 Neutral Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexion Wrist Flexor Carpi Flexion Wrist Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexion Wrist Dorsal interossei Abduction MCP 0 Abductor digiti minimi Abductor Pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Abduction MCP 0 Abduction CMC 0 Abduction CMC 0 Neck Splenius Capitis Hyperextension Vertebral Splenius Cervicis Hyperextension Vertebral Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Trunk and Back Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral Interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Hips (right and left) Gluteus Maximus Extension Hip 0

13 Semimembranosus Extension Hip 0 Knees (right and left) Semitendinosus Extension Hip 0 Biceps Femoris Extension Hip 0 Semimembranosus Flexion Knee 25 Semitendinosis Flexion Knee 25 Both heads Biceps Flexion Knee 25 Femoris Popliteus Flexion Knee 25 Gastrocnemius Flexion Knee 25 Ankles (right Gastrocnemius Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Soleus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Plantaris Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Tibialis Posterior Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Feet (Right and Left) Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Neutral

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15 Picture 4 Body Part Muscle Action Joint Degrees/Position Shoulders (right Anterior Abduction Shoulder 120 Deltoid Middle Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Supraspinatus Abduction Shoulder 120 Elbows (Right Neutral Wrists (Right and Neutral Left) Fingers (Right Dorsal Abduction MCP 0 interossei Abductor digiti Abduction MCP 0 minimi Thumb (Right Abductor Abduction CMC 0 Pollicis brevis Abductor Abduction CMC 0 pollicis longus Neck Splenius Hyperextension Vertebral Capitis Splenius Hyperextension Vertebral Cervicis Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospin Hyperextension Vertebral alis interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Trunk and Back Erector Spinae Extension Vertebral 0 Transversospin Extension Vertebral 0 alis Interspinales Extension Vertebral 0 Hips (right and Gluteus Extension Hip 0 left) Maximus Semimembran Extension Hip 0 osus Semitendinosu Extension Hip 0 s Biceps Femoris Extension Hip 0 Knees (right and left) Rectus Femoris Extension Knee 0 Vastus Lateralis Extension Knee 0

16 Ankles (right and Left) Vastus Extension Knee 0 Medialis Vastus Intermedialis Extension Knee 0 Gastrocnemius Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Soleus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Plantaris Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Tibialis Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Posterior Flexor Hallucis Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15

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18 Picture 5 Body Part Muscle Action Joint Degrees/Position Shoulders (right Anterior Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Muscle Middle Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Muscle Posterior Deltoid Abduction Shoulder 120 Muscle Supraspinatus Abduction Shoulder 120 Elbows (right Neutral Elbow Wrists (Right Extensor carpi Extension Wrist 45 radialis longus Extensor Carpi Extension Wrist 45 radialis brevis Extensor carpi Extension Wrist 45 ulnaris Fingers (Right Dorsal interossei Abduction MCP 0 Abductor digiti Abduction MCP 0 minimi Thumb (Right Abductor Pollicis Abduction CMC 0 brevis Abductor pollicis Abduction CMC 0 longus Neck Splenius Capitis Hyperextension Vertebral Splenius Cervicis Hyperextension Vertebral Erector Spinae Hyperextension Vertebral Transversospinalis Hyperextension Vertebral interspinales Hyperextension Vertebral Trunk and Back Erector Spinae Extension Vertebral 0 Transversospinalis Extension Vertebral 0 Interspinales Extension Vertebral 0 Hips (right and Gluteus Maximus Extension Hip 0 left) Semimembranosus Extension Hip 0

19 Knees (right Ankles (right Semitendinosus Extension Hip 0 Biceps Femoris Extension Hip 0 Rectus Femoris Extension Knee 0 Vastus Lateralis Extension Knee 0 Vastus Medialis Extension Knee 0 Vastus Intermedialis Extension Knee 0 Gastrocnemius Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Soleus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Plantaris Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Tibialis Posterior Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Flexor Hallucis Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Plantar Flexion Ankle 15 "Guide." TalkSwimming. Web. 11 Dec < "Phelps' Miracle Finish - Phelps Frame-By-Frame - Photos - SI.com." Breaking News, Real-time Scores and Daily Analysis from Sports Illustrated SI.com. Web. 12 Dec < /content.5.html>. "What Muscles Are Used Swimming The Butterfly Stroke? LIVESTRONG.COM."LIVESTRONG.COM - Lose Weight & Get Fit with Diet, Nutrition & Fitness Tools LIVESTRONG.COM. Web. 11 Dec <