MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY. Complete! Second Edition CHAPTER. The Human Body in Health and Disease Content Review Slides
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1 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Complete! Second Edition CHAPTER 4 The Human Body in Health and Disease Content Review Slides
2 Learning Objectives Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the human body. Identify the building blocks, organ systems, and cavities of the body. Identify the anatomical planes, regions, and directional terms used to describe areas of the body.
3 Learning Objectives (cont.) Break down and define the important terms associated with the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Define the introductory terms associated with medical terminology. Identify the five major diagnostic imaging procedures.
4 Word Parts abdomin/o = abdomen anter/o = front brachi/o = arm cardi/o = heart caud/o = tail cephal/o = head
5 Word Parts (cont.) cervic/o = neck chondr/i = gristle, cartilage cran/o, crani/o = skull cyt/o = cell dist/o = distant dors/o = back
6 Word Parts (cont.) femor/o = thigh gastr/o = stomach glute/o = buttocks hom/o, home/o = same ili/o = groin, hip, flank
7 Word Parts (cont.) infer/o = below inguin/o = groin later/o = side lumb/o = lower back medi/o = middle
8 Word Parts (cont.) organ/o = tool pelv/o = bowl, basin physi/o = nature pleur/o= pleura, rib poster/o = back proxim/o = near
9 Word Parts (cont.) super/o = above thorac/o = chest, thorax tom/o = to cut umbilic/o = navel. umbilicus ventr/o = belly
10 Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy Physiology Functions of the body Homeostasis
11 Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) The Building Blocks of Body Structure Cells Tissues Organs Systems
12 Figure 4.1 Building blocks of the body. Complexity increases in the direction of the arrow.
13 Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells
14 Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) Tissues Four main types of tissues: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
15 Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) Organ Maintains a certain shape Performs a general function Examples: stomach, brain, pancreas
16 Anatomy and Physiology (cont.) System The body contains 11 systems Each system performs a general function
17 Table 4.1 Systems of the Body
18 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
19 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
20 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
21 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
22 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
23 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
24 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
25 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
26 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
27 Table 4.1 (continued) Systems of the Body
28 Directional Terms Directional terms Anatomical position Most directional terms each include one word root and one suffix. Suffixes are either -ior or -al
29 Word Roots Involving Direction super = above infer = below anter = front Poster = back medi = middle
30 Word Roots Involving Direction (cont.) Later = side proxim = near dist = distant Dors = back caud = tail
31 Directional Terms Superior Inferior Anterior (ventral) Posterior (dorsal)
32 Directional Terms (cont.) Medial Lateral Superficial Deep Proximal Distal
33 Planes Dividing the Body Plane Frontal or coronal plane Sagittal plane Transverse plane
34 Figure 4.2 Body planes
35 Regions of the Body Regions of the Body Head Neck Upper appendages Trunk Lower appendages
36 Regions of the Body (cont.) Regions may be broken down further such as the abdominal region within the trunk. Abdominal region can be broken down in two ways abdominal regions and abdominal quadrants
37 Regions of the Body (cont.) Abdominal Regions Epigastric region Hypochondriac regions Umbilical region Lumbar regions Hypogastric region Iliac regions
38 Figure 4.3 The abdomen and abdominal regions
39 Abdominal Quadrants Abdominal Quadrants Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
40 Anatomical Terms (cont.) Body as a Whole Central trunk, or torso Appendages, or limbs Cavities Viscera
41 Body Cavities Dorsal cavity Cranial cavity Spinal (vertebral) cavity
42 Figure 4.4 Body cavities
43 Body Cavities (cont.) Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity - Pericardial cavity - Pleural cavities - Mediastinum
44 Body Cavities (cont.) Ventral cavity Diaphragm Abdominopelvic cavity - Abdominal cavity - Pelvic cavity
45 Medical Terms of the Human Body Disease Pathology Pathologist Diagnosis Symptom
46 Medical Terms of the Human Body (cont.) Sign Acute Chronic
47 Medical Terms of the Human Body (cont.) Infection Trauma Prognosis
48 Diagnostic Imaging Diagnostic Imaging Endoscopy CT scan PET scan MRI Ultrasound
49 Endoscopy Endoscope Views internal anatomy on a monitor May also contain surgical attachments that allow the physician to manipulate internal structures
50 Figure 4.5 Endoscopy Source: Reflekta/Shutterstock
51 CT Scan Computed Tomography Scanning Can scan from multiple angles Useful to view cross-sectional images of organs Standard evaluation of trauma to most body areas
52 Figure 4.6 CT scan Source: Linda Bartlett/National Cancer Institute.
53 PET Scans Positron emission tomography The radioactive substance is combined with a metabolically important material and then inhaled or injected into the patient The metabolic activity of an organ is detected by the PET scan based on the particles being released by the organ
54 Figure 4.7a PET scan Source: Grieze/Dreamstime.com
55 Figure 4.7b PET scan Source: ballemans./shutterstock
56 PET Scan Video Click here to view a video on the topic of PET scans. Back to Directory
57 MRI Magnetic resonance imaging Can distinguish between structures based on the water content Offers the clearest, most complete images of internal anatomy Can diagnose many forms of cancer, joint disease, and trauma
58 Figure 4.8 MRI Source: Jupiterimages/Polka Dot/Thinkstock
59 MRI Video Click here to view an video on the topic of MRI. Back to Directory
60 Ultrasound Imaging Ultrasound imaging, or sonography Major body systems in which ultrasound is used: Obstetrics and gynecology fetal, uterine, breast, ovarian Cardiology heart, blood flow through vessels Urology blood flow through the kidneys, detecting prostate cancer, seeing kidney stones
61 Figure 4.9 Ultrasound imaging Source: Photodisc/Thinkstock
62 Ultrasound Video Click here to view a video on the topic of ultrasound. Back to Directory
63 Combining Form Quiz 1. dors/o a. front 2. anter/o b. below 3. proxim/o c. back 4. super/o d. above 5. infer/o e. near
64 Combining Form Quiz 1. dors/o a. front 2. anter/o b. below 3. proxim/o c. back 4. super/o d. above 5. infer/o e. near
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Anatomy & Physiology Names:, Period date: Textbook Reference: See Chapter 1 Lab Exercise 1. Getting Started with the Basics Measurement Body Organization Body Systems What you need to be able to do to
Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 Review Sheet
Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 Review Sheet Chapter 1 Name Date Hour 1. investigates the body's structure, whereas investigates the processes or functions of living things. A. Physiology, cytology B. Physiology,
Date Lab Pd. Lecture Notes (57)
Name SECTION OBJECTIVES Describe the locations of the major body cavities List the organs located in each major body cavity Name the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Name