The effect of fucus vesiculosus on the function and structure of the thyroid gland of male rats treated with propylthiouracil

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1 Rsh Muzhem Htem et l /J. Phrm. Si. & Res. Vol. 1(1), 218, The effet of fuus vesiulosus on the funtion n struture of the thyroi gln of mle rts trete with propylthiouril Rsh Muzhem Htem 1*, Hussein Khuir AL-Myli 2 1 Biology Dept. ollege of Siene, University of Al-Qisiyh, Irq 2 Biology Dept. ollege of Eution, University of Al-Qisiyh, Irq Astrt Bkgroun: Fuus vesiulosus is one of Lminriles tht elong to the fmily of sewee. It hs long history of use s foo n meition ue to its iologil properties Aim: The stuy hs een onute to ientify the preventive role n positive effets of the sewee fous vesiulosus n its role to minimize the sie effets of Propylthiouril on the funtion n struture of the thyroi gln. Mterils n Methos: In this stuy, 6 white mle rts hve een use. The smple is ivie into five groups in ition to the ontrol group. All groups re equl in numer where eh group inlues ten rts. The ontrol group hs een given istille wter. The first tretment (): fuus vesiulosus of 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight is given, (): propylthiouril (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight is ose, (): fuus vesiulosus of 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight is given for three weeks then (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion is ose for the other three weeks, (): propylthiouril (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight is ose for three weeks then fous vesiulosus of 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight is given for three weeks n in () fuus vesiulosus n (PTU) re ose onjuntions with the sme onentrtion for 42 ys. Results: The stuy results, fter nlyzing them sttistilly, showe tht there is signifint inrese (P<.5) t the level of MDA in the group trete y Fuus vesiulosus n the group trete y (PTU). Hormone tests results show tht there is signifint inrese (P<.5) in the level of ( n ) hormones n erese in TSH hormone in the group trete y fuus vesiulosus while there is erese in the level of thyroi gln hormones n n inrese in TSH in the group trete y (PTU) n (). For (), it shows n inrese in the three hormones, () showe n inrese in hormone n erese in n TSH. The tissue exmintion of thyroi gln setions of () shows tht there re no tissue eformtions with goo response to fuus vesiulosus tht uses the growth of severl folliles. As for other tretments (,,, n ), there re mori hnges in the thyroi gln tissues s ler eformtion in the follile struture, erese follile size, n inrese in epithelil ells n erese in ollois. Also, hemorrhge n nerosis n e note. onlusion: The stuy onlues tht osing nimls with fuus vesiulosus y 35 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight hs ler influene on improving the funtion n struture of thyroi gln on the ontrry to (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight tht hs negtive impt on the funtion n struture of thyroi gln. Keywors: Fuus Vesiulosus; Thyroi Gln; Propylthiouril INTRODUTION Fuus vesiulosus is one of Lminriles tht elong to the fmily of sewee. It hs long history of use s foo n meition ue to its iologil properties. It is onsiere one of the nturl ntioxint, whih prevents free rils [1]. It prevents tumors, motivtes Lipse enzyme, minimizes holesterol level, mintins loo sugr levels, tivtes n enhnes hert metolism, nturl soure of Ioine, Potssium, Mgnesium, lium n si vitmins of ells [2]. Also, it inlues severl rohyrtes like Fuoin, Lminine, Lminrin, n Algintes [3]. Propylthiouril (PTU) is thyroinhiitory meition use to tret hyperthyroiism y preventing ioine oxiiztion [4]. Moreover, this meition effets on the thyroi gln hormones or those in the loostrem where it prevents prouing thyroi gln hormone y eoxiiztion of ioine. It prevents Thyroxin () n Triioothyronine () formtion. The ommon sie effets re timiity, nuse, vomiting, urn, tste loss, numness, hehe, llergy, hir whitening, plsti nemi, n leukopeni. Also, other symptoms inlue grnuloytosis n infetions of the throt, igestive system, n skin with fever n erese of loo pltelets, whih hve n importnt role in loo ogultion [5]. The thyroi gln is one of the most importnt glns in the oy. It is the only one tht proues hormones n reserves in the sme gln for the time of nee. The gln ells re the only one tht le to sor ioine [6]. The thyroi gln proues hormones s Thyroxin () n Triioothyronine () tht re erivtives of mino i Tyrosine in response to Thyroi stimulting hormone (TSH) tht serete from nterior pituitry gln [7]. Thyroi gln mintins levels of oy metolism where its hormones influene on prouing n metolism of lipi. Any isorer of gln hormones les to yslipiemi [8]. So, the stuy hs een onute to ientify the preventive role n positive effets of the sewee fous vesiulosus n its role to minimize the sie effets of Propylthiouril on the funtion n struture of the thyroi gln. MATERIALS AND METHODS The stuy inlues (6) mle rts of (Rttus norvegius) type. Eh rt weight ts (17-18 gr.) n pproprite onitions re mintine, (2-21 ), light (14 hrs), rk (1 hrs) n nimls re given wter n fee long the perio of experimenttion (42 ys). The nimls re ivie into five groups in ition to the ontrol one. All groups re equl in some nimls, (1) for eh. - ontrol group: it is given istille wter. - () ose fuus vesiulosus of 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight, - (): propylthiouril (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight is ose - (): fuus vesiulosus of 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight is given for three weeks then (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion is ose for the other three weeks. - (): propylthiouril (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight is ose for three weeks then fuus vesiulosus of 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight is given for three weeks. - () fuus vesiulosus n (PTU) re ose onjuntions with the sme onentrtions for 42 ys. Hormones Mesurement: The onentrtion of thyroi hormones n TSH is mesure y using test kit me y British ompny (ABO) y ELISA tehnique. The exmintion epens on the retion etween ntioies in the initor enzyme n hormone ntigens in the serum. MDA: Mlonilehye is estimte y using the methos of [9]. Tissue Stuy: n Optil mirosope with (4 x) zoom is use to exmine gln setions, n mesures re tken using oulr mirometer fter lirtion with mirometer stge oring to the steps esrie y [1], n their effiieny is ientifie y (11) n [12]. Prepring tissue Setions: Thyroi gln setions re prepre oring to(13) metho. 2669

2 Rsh Muzhem Htem et l /J. Phrm. Si. & Res. Vol. 1(1), 218, Sttistil Anlysis: The results re nlyze sttistilly to reognize the signifint ifferenes mong the stuie stnrs of the groups. The signifint ifferenes re ientifie y the level (P<.5) using (SPSS 21). Also, the nlysis inlues getting the men n stnr error. The group's signifint ifferenes re ientifie y using (ANOVA). RESULTS Hormone Stuy: 1- hormone level in serum The results show (figure 3-4) tht there is signifint inrese (<.5) in the onentrtion of nnogrm /ml in the group trete with Fuus vesiulosus () n the group trete with propylthiouril (PTU) for three weeks then with Fuus vesiulosus for the rest of weeks (). There is signifint erese in the group ose with propylthiouril (PTU) only () n the group tht is given Fuus vesiulosus for three weeks then (PTU) for the rest of weeks (), the group gve Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU) together () n ompre it with the ontrol group Figure (1) Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU) effets n the interhnge etween them on hormone onentrtion 2- hormone level in serum The results of sttistil nlysis of onentrtion (nnogrm /ml) show (figure 4-4) tht there is signifint inrese in the group given Fuus vesiulosus of (), the group trete with propylthiouril (PTU) for three weeks then with Fuus vesiulosus for the rest of weeks () n ompre to the ontrol group. There is signifint erese (<.5) in the group ose with propylthiouril (PTU) only () n the group tht is given Fuus vesiulosus for three weeks then (PTU) for the rest of weeks (), the group given Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU) together () n ompre it with the ontrol group. 3- TSH Level in loo serum The results of sttistil nlysis of TSH onentrtion show (figure 5-4) tht there is signifint erese in TSH (nnogrm /ml) for the group given Fuus vesiulosus in (), there is signifint inrese of TSH in the group trete with propylthiouril (PTU) only (), the group is given Fuus vesiulosus for three weeks then (PTU) for the rest of weeks () n the group ose PTU for the first three weeks then Fuus vesiulosus for the rest of the perio (). There is no signifint ifferene in the group given propylthiouril (PTU) n Fuus vesiulosus together () n ompre to the ontrol group. stuy groups onentrtion Figure (2) Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU) effets n the interhnge etween them on hormone onentrtion e Figure (3) Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU) effets n the interhnge etween them on TSH hormone onentrtion 4-MDA in loo serum The stuy results show (figure 2-4) tht there is signifint inrese (P<.5) of TSH(nnogrm /ml) for the group given Fuus vesiulosus in (), the group ose propylthiouril (PTU) (), the group ose PTU for the first three weeks then Fuus vesiulosus for the rest of the perio () n ompre it with the ontrol group where there re no signifint ifferenes in () in whih the group gve Fuus vesiulosus for three weeks then (PTU) for the rest of the perio () n the group given Fuus vesiulosus n PTU together for 42 ys Figure (4) Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU) effets n the interhnge etween them on MDA hormone onentrtion stuy groups f e stuy groups stuy groups MDA onentrtion onentrtion TSH onentrtion 267

3 Rsh Muzhem Htem et l /J. Phrm. Si. & Res. Vol. 1(1), 218, Mori tissue hnges The present stuy results show tht there re mori tissue hnges in the thyroi gln of mle rts tht re trete with Fuus vesiulosus n propylthiouril (PTU). When exmining tissue setions of the thyroi gln of the ontrol group ye with hemtoxylin n eosin. The nturl struture of gln tissues shows tht it inlues roune or ovl folliles line with ui epithelil ells. Also, these folliles re full of olloi, whih shows the nturl tivity (figure 5). The nimls in the first tretment () tht re given fuus vesiulosus for 42 ys with 35 mg/ kg onentrtion of oy weight, the tissue exmintion of thyroi gln setions of () show tht there re no tissue eformtions with goo response to fuus vesiulosus tht uses the growth of severl folliles of ifferent sizes tht o not ontin olloi or hve olloi. This is n inition of the nturl funtion of the thyroi gln. Then the tissues re ompre with the ontrol group, whih showe tht there pproximte similrity for the norml tissues of the ontrol group (figure 6). As for other tretments (,,, n ), there re ler eformtions n hnges in the thyroi gln tissues n in the follile struture or their numer, erese follile size, n inrese in epithelil ells n erese in ollois. Also, hemorrhge n nerosis n e note (figure 7, 8, 9, 1). Figure (8) ross-setion of the thyroi gln of the group trete with fuus vesiulosus for three weeks then PTU for the other three weeks. It shows smll hnge of folliles (F), n inrese of epithelil ells (E), less olloi () n nerosis (N). (hemtoxylin n eosin 4x) Figure (5) ross-setion of the thyroi gln of the ontrol group shows folliles size (F), olloi () n folliles epithelil ells (E) hemtoxylin n eosin 4x) Figure (9) ross-setion of the thyroi gln of the group trete with PTU for three weeks then fuus vesiulosus for the other three weeks. It shows reution in the size of some folliles (F), n inrese of epithelil ells (E), ler vities (V), hemorrhge (H) n nerosis (N). (hemtoxylin n eosin 4x) Figure (6) ross-setion of the thyroi gln of the group trete with fuus vesiulosus shows folliles size (F), olloi () n folliles epithelil ells (E) (hemtoxylin n eosin 4x) Figure (7) ross-setion of the thyroi gln of the group trete with PTU shows smll size of folliles (F), n inrese of epithelil ells (E), less olloi (), hemorrhge (H) n nerosis (N). (Hemtoxylin hemtoxylin n eosin 4x) Figure (1) ross-setion of the thyroi gln of the group trete with PTU n fuus vesiulosus together. It shows smll size of folliles (F), no olloi ( ), n inrese of epithelil ells (E), hemorrhge (H) n nerosis (N). (hemtoxylin n eosin 4x). DISUSSION The stuy results show tht there is n inrese in n hormones level in the loo serum of rts tht re trete with fuus vesiulosus.also, there is n inrese in n hormones level in the loo serum of rts tht re trete with PTU for three weeks then fuus vesiulosus for the rest of perio in omprison with the ontrol group. The inrese of hormone might e ue to Fuus vesiulosus, whih mximizes the trnsformtion of into in loo fter losing one ioine tom in proess lle (eioinse), or euse is more tive hormone thn y (3-5) times. Also, it is low ffinity with plsm proteins, so it iffuses esily outsie loo vessels more 2671

4 Rsh Muzhem Htem et l /J. Phrm. Si. & Res. Vol. 1(1), 218, thn [14, 15] n these results gree with the present stuy results. But the stuy results o not gree with [16-18] stuies whih note the erese of n vlues. The inrese of n in this stuy is ttriute to other intertion of meitions espeilly those inlue ioine, whih effet on the struture n funtion of thyroi gln hormones [19]. The stuy finings revel tht there is erese in TSH level in loo serum of rts tht given fuus vesiulosus. The possile reson of TSh erese oul e the inhiition of negtive feek euse of the high onentrtion of n, whih re shown in this stuy, prevent seretion of TSH from pituitry gln. This result grees with [2]. But [21] referre to signifint inrese in TSH level. The present stuy results revel tht there is signifint erese in n levels in loo serum of rts trete with PTU only in n the group trete with fuus vesiulosus for three weeks then PTU for the other three weeks in, the group given fuus vesiulosus n (PTU) together in. The reson for n is ttriute to PTU tht les to isorer of thyroi gln n inhiits thyroi peroxise n 5- eioinse n these re si enzymes to mke thyroi hormones [22-24]. The inhiition of mking these enzymes erese the levels of thyroi hormones iffusion n eventully inreses of TSH hormone. This inrese of TSH stimultes thyroi gln growth, n this les to its enlrgement. This result grees with wht [25-28]. The results lso show tht there is signifint inrese in TSH level in the loo serum of rts trete with PTU n the group given fuus vesiulosus for three weeks n PTU for the rest of the perio n the group given PTU then fous vesiulosus. There is no signifint ifferene in the group given fous vesiulosus n PTU together. The reson for TSH inrese is tht PTU prtiiptes in relesing TRH n TRH stimultes nterior pituitry gln to relese high levels of TSH [29]. So, the high level of TSH les to erese n in loo serum n this result grees with [3-31] or PTU effets on si enzymes to mke thyroi gln hormones [22] n inreses TSH. This result grees with [22, 25]. The stuy finings show tht there is signifint inrese in MDA level in the rts trete with Fuus vesiulosus ), the group gve PTU in n the group trete with PTU for three weeks then fuus vesiulosus for the rest of perio.but there is no signifint ifferene in ( n ) when ompre with the ontrol group. The inrese of MDA in n tht genertes free rils tht hve role in oxiiztion of lipi in ells memrnes euse unsturte lipi is on the ell memrnes re the trgete res of free rils sine they ontin oule on n this retion proues MDA in proess lle lipi peroxition [32]. This result grees with [2].But this result oes not gree with [33]. While the stuy results, whih shows high level of MDA in the group given PTU. This result grees with wht [34-37] who referre tht the inrese of MDA is ue to rimzole, ntithyroi, whih uses oxitive stress. The exmintion of tissue setions tken from nimls thyroi glns in, whih re given fuus vesiulosus show there re no eformtions or hnges in these tissues. This result grees with [18, 2, 38, 39]. The reson is tht fuus vesiulosus rih of iologil ompouns s polyshrie, polyphenoli, ntioxints n phlorotnnins in ition to mnnitol, lign, ioine n fuoin [4-43]. Mny stuies hve referre to fuus vesiulosus ontins fuoin, whih is polyshrie n inlues superoxie n hyroxyl root tht inhiit lipi peroxie the reson for tissue hnges [42, 45, 45]. When exmining tissue setions tken from thyroi gln for the tretments (,,, n ), there re ler hnges in the thyroi gln tissues s the hnge in the follile size, ollois mount, hemorrhge n gps. [27, 29, 46] note tht PTU eforms n hnges thyroi gln tissues. There is enlrgement of follile ells n erese of ollois. Though fuus vesiulosus in,, n, PTU is more eff etive on thyroi tissues or the tissue mge my e ttriute to oxitive stress euse PTU stimultes oxitive stress [47] showe tht tretme nt with PTU stimul tes oxitiv e stress in r ts ereellum, whih les to tissue mge n progrmme eth of ells. Also, oxitive stress stimultes ells in thyroi gln to grow n enlrge it. Eventully, it hs Deryshire nek, erese of n n inrese of TSH [48]. ONLUSION The stuy onlues tht osing nimls with fuus vesiulosus y 35 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight hs ler influene on improving the funtion n struture of thyroi gln on the ontrry to (PTU) of 15 mg/kg onentrtion of oy weight tht hs negtive impt on the funtion n struture of thyroi gln. REFERENE 1-Song,J.Q.;Xu,Y.T.; n Zhng,H.K Immunomoultion tion of sulfte polyshrie of Lminri Jponi on peritonel mrophges of mie.hin.j.immunol.,2, 16,7. 2-Myer,A.M.S.;Roriguez,A.D.;Berlink,R.G.S.; n Fusetni,N. Mrine phrmology in 27-8: Mrine ompouns with ntiteril, ntiogulnt, ntifungl,ntiinflmmtory,ntimlril,ntiprotozol,ntituerulosis,n other ntivirl tivities; ffeting the immune n nervous system,n other misellneous mehnisms of tion.omp.biohem.physiol. 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