Comparative Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Varying Levels of Palm Kernel Cake and Maize Offal

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2 Pkistn Journl of Nutrition 3 (4): , 2004 Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2004 Comprtive Performne of Broiler Chikens Fe Vrying Levels of Plm Kernel Cke n Mize Offl E.V. Ezieshi n J.M. Olomu Deprtment of Animl Siene, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeri E-mil: nkymo@unien.eu Astrt: Stuies were onute to ompre the effets of ietry PKC n mize offl on the performne of roilers. Aoring to the results of the tril with roiler strter hiks, the irs on the ontrol iet (without PKC or mize offl) gve the highest oy weight gin ( g/ir). The result further showe tht the irs on mize offl iets performe slightly etter ( n g/ir) thn those on PKC iets ( n g/ir). The irs on PKC iets onsume more fee ( n g/ir) thn those on mize offl iets ( n g/ir). Fee ost per kg live weight gin ws generlly higher with PKC iets thn with mize offl iets. Averge ily wter intke ws not signifintly ffete y iets (200 to 300 ml/ir/y). Dry mtter retention ws higher with mize offl iets (66.45 n 68.52%) thn with PKC iets (59.92 n 55.24%). The irs on the ontrol iet gve lmost similr rue protein n ft retention with those on mize offl iets (out 74%). The results of the tril with roiler finisher hikens inite tht weight gin per ir slightly erese when PKC or mize offl reple mize in the iet. Fee intke inrese slightly when 50% of ietry mize ws reple with PKC or mize offl. Fee to gin rtio inrese signifintly with the inlusion of PKC or mize offl in the iet. Wter intke ws not signifintly ffete y iets (400 to 500ml/ir/y). Dietry PKC signifintly erese ry mtter retention. Crue protein retention ws signifintly higher in the mize offl iets (72.41 n 76.99%) s ompre to PKC iets (59.91 n 64.25%). Ft retention signifintly erese with the test iets. From the foregoing, therefore, it n e onlue tht oth ingreients performe signifintly well when ompre to the ontrol iet. However, mize offl seeme to hve performe etter thn PKC in numer of prmeters. Key wors: Plm-kernel ke, mize offl, roiler hikens, soyen mel Introution Different ietry levels of plm kernel ke (PKC) hve een suessfully fe to roilers with or without supplementry lysine, methione or fish mel (Arms n Chio, 1977; Yeong et l., 1981; Onwuike, 1986; Okon n Ogunmoee, 1996). Similrly, mize offl hs een employe in the formultion of fee for poultry (Chestnut et l., 1983; Uko et l., 1990; 1991). However, the optimum inlusion levels of PKC n mize offl for roilers hve not een fully worke out. Seonly, there is no pulishe informtion on the use of PKC or mize offl in ple of SBM for roiler. PKC n mize offl re known to hve lmost similr rue protein levels n re use inisrimintely s fee supplements y lol frmers. It my e neessry therefore, to ompre oth feestuffs vis- vis their effet on the performne of roiler hikens. Mterils n Methos Plm kernel ke ws otine s y-prout of plm kernel oil extrtion while mize offl is y prout of the wet milling of fermente mize to proue kmu or gii. One hunre n eighty Hur roiler hiks were use for this stuy. The irs were rooe n rere on eep litter in stnr tropil poultry uiling ivie into experimentl units. At the eginning of the experiments the hiks were weighte n rnomly ivie into 15 similr groups. Three suh groups were rnomly ssigne to 5 iets. Eh group onstitute replite. Fee n wter were supplie lititum. : The experiment ws onute in two stges, the strter n finisher stges. At eh of the stges, Diet 1 (without PKC or mize offl) serve s ontrol n were formulte to meet the requirements of roiler strter hiks n finisher hikens respetively oring to the reommention of Olomu (1995). The replement regimen ws the sme for the strter n finisher stges. In Diet 2.50% of he mize ws reple with PKC while in Diet 3, PKC simultneously reple 50% of the mize n 40% of the soyen mel ontine in Diet 1. In 4 n 5, mize offl ws use in ple of mize n soyen mel respetively s in 2 n 3. The perentge omposition of the experimentl re shown in Tle 1 n 2. Dt Colletion: Chiks were oserve ily n reor of mortlity ws kept. The irs were weighe 254

3 Ezieshi n Olomu: Plm Kernel Cke n Mize Offl s Fee for Broiler Chikens Tle 1: Perentge Composition of Strter Ingreients Mize Soyen mel PKC Mize offl Bone mel Oyster Shell Slt Premix* Methionine Lysine Cost/kg iet (N) *Supplie per kg iet Vit A, 10,000 I.U; Vit D I.U; Vit E 40mg; Vit K 3, 2mg; Vit B 1 2.4mg; Vit B 2 4.8mg; Vit B 6 4.8, Niin, 32mg; Pntotheni i, 8mg; Biotin 0.1mg, Vit B 12, 0.02mg; Foli Ai, 0.8mg; Cholin Chlorie, 40mg; Mngnese, 80mg; Iron, 40mg; Zin, 36mg; Copper, 1.6mg; Ioine, 1.24mg; Colt, 0.2mg; Selenium, 0.08mg. Tle 2: Perentge Composition of Finisher Ingreients Mize Soyen mel PKC Mize offl Bone mel Oyster Shell Slt Premix* Methionine Lysine Cost/kg iet (N) *Supplie per kg iet: Vit A, 900 I.U; Vit D 3, 1440 I.U, Vit E, 21.6mg; Vit K, 2.7mg; Vit B 1, 1.8mg; Vit B 2, 3.6mg; Vit B 6, 2.7mg; Niin, 21.6mg; Pntotheni i, 9.0mg; Biotin, 0.036mg; Vit B 12, 0.018mg; Foli i, 0.54mg; Cholin hlorie, 270mg; Mngnese, 108mg; Iron, 18mg; Zin, 27mg; Copper, 1.44mg; Ioine, 0.72mg; Colt, 0.1mg; Selenium, 0.1mg; Growth promoter, 14.4mg; Anti- Oxint, 720. Tle 3: Proximte Components of Experimentl n Test Ingreients CP CF EE ASH Diet Strter Finisher Strter Finisher Strter Finisher Strter Finisher PKC Mize offl n fee intke ws reore weekly. Dily wter intke ws etermine through out the perio. At 5 weeks of ge, 4 irs (2 mles n 2 femles) were rnomly selete from eh replite n trnsferre to metolism ges to etermine nutrient utiliztion for the strting perio. After 3 ys pttion perio, totl exret voie per group ws ollete on ily sis for 3 ys, weighte n oven-rie to onstnt weight to etermine moisture ontent. Fee intke per group ws further etermine uring the perio. The exerise 255

4 Ezieshi n Olomu: Plm Kernel Cke n Mize Offl s Fee for Broiler Chikens Tle 4: Performne n pprent nutrient utiliztion of roiler strter hiks (1-5 weeks of ge) fe vrying levels of PKC n mize offl Performne prmeter SEM Finl oy weight (g/ir) Weight gin (g/ir) Fee intke (g/ir) Fee to gin rtio Fee ost per kg gin (N) Averge ily wter intke (ml/ir/y) Dry mtter retention (%) Crue protein retention (%) Ft retention (%) Tle 5: Performne n pprent nutrient utiliztion of roiler finisher hikens (6-9 weeks of ge) fe vrying levels of PKC n mize offl Performne prmeter SEM Finl oy weight (g/ir) Weight gin (g/ir) Fee intke (g/ir) Fee to gin rtio Fee ost per kg gin (N) Averge ily wter intke (ml/ir/y) Dry mtter retention (%) Crue protein retention (%) Ft retention (%) ws repete t 9 weeks of ge for the finishing perio. The rie fel smples per group for the 3-y perio were ulke. Representtive smples of fee n exret were nlyze for proximte omposition using A.O.A.C. (1990) methos. Sttistil Anlysis: Dt otine were sujete to nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) in rnomize omplete lok esign (RCBD) using the metho esrie y Steel n Torrie (1980). Where signifint ifferenes were oserve mong mens, the Dunn s Multiple Rnge test ws use to etermine the signifint ifferenes mong the mens. Results n Disussion Aoring to the results of the tril with roiler strter hiks, the irs on the ontrol iet gve the highest oy weight gin. The result further showe tht the irs on mize offl iets performe etter thn those of PKC iets. The irs on PKC iets onsume more fee thn those on mize offl iets. Fee ost per kg live weight gin ws generlly higher in PKC iets thn with mize offl iets. Averge ily wter intke n fee to gin rtio were not signifintly ffete y iets. Dry mtter retention ws higher with mize offl iets thn with PKC iets. The irs on the ontrol iet gve lmost similr rue protein n ft retention with those on mize offl iets. The results of the tril with roiler finisher hikens inite tht weight gin per ir slightly erese when PKC or mize offl reple mize in the iet. Fee intke inrese slightly when 50% of ietry mize ws reple with PKC or mize offl. Fee to gin rtio inrese signifintly with the inlusion of PKC or mize offl. Wter intke ws not signifintly ffete y iets. Dietry PKC signifintly erese ry mtter retention. Crue protein retention ws signifintly higher with the mize offl iets s ompre to PKC iets. Ft retention ws signifintly lower on the PKC iets. The performne of the irs ws etter on the mize offl iets thn on the PKC iets proly euse higher mounts of rue protein n fts were retine on the mize offl iets thn on the PKC iets. The resons for the ifferenes in nutrient retention etween the PKC n mize offl iets re not quite ler, ut my e relte to the ifferenes in the rue fire ontents of the iets. The higher rue fire ontent of the PKC iets my hve versely ffete igestion. PKC in iets hs een implite in low igestiility of fee (MDonl et l.,1983) ue it s high rue fire level whih is estimte t 150g/kg of PKC. The lower nutrient retention oserve with the PKC iets s ompre with 256

5 Ezieshi n Olomu: Plm Kernel Cke n Mize Offl s Fee for Broiler Chikens the mize offl iets n therefore, e ttriute to the Olomu, J.M., Nutrient requirement of poultry. In: ifferene in rue fire levels of the ingreients. Animl Nutrition-priniples n prties A. This ssertion is orroorte y the results of Ykugh Jhem pulition, Benin City, Nigeri, pp: et l. (1994) whih inite tht the igestiility of iet is inversely relte to its fire ontent. Conlusion: It n e sfely onlue tht the two test ingreients n e use s lterntive ingreients to mize n sometimes to soyen mel to further reue fee ost in roiler proution. It hs lso een foun tht mize offl n perform etter thn PKC in Broiler iets. Referenes Assoition of Offiil nlytil hemists (A.O.A.C), th Offiil methos of nlysis, 14 eition, Wshington DC. Arms, A.B. n C.F. Chio, Use of the plm kernel mel of the oil plm (Eleis guineensis, Jq) in roiler hiken iets. Agro. Trop., 27: Chestnut, A.B., E.A.O. Lseine n D.B. Olumeyn, The effet on performne n eonomi fesiility of sustituting mize homony for mize in tropil roiler iet. Pro. Anim. Trop., 8: MDonl, P. R.A. Ewrs n J.F.D. Greenhlgh, Animl Nutrition, Longmn group Limite. 3 r eition, pp: Okon, B.I. n B.K. Ogunmoee, Crss hrteristi of roilers fe pennloinkle flesh n plm kernel ke. Nig. J. Anim Pro., 23: Onwuike, O.C., Plm kernel mel s fee for poultry 3. Replement of grounnut ke y plm kernel ke in roiler iet. Anim. Fee Si. Teh., 16: Uko, J.O., P. Awoyesuku n G.M. Btune, Sustituting vlue of mize offl for mize in iet of lying hens. Nig. J. Anim. Pro. 17: Uko, J.O., P. Awoyesuku n G.M. Btune, Effet of gre levels of mize offl on nutrient igestiility n miner vilility in iets of lying hens. Nig. J. Anim. Pro., 18: Steel, R.G.D. n J.H. Torrie, Priniples n proeures of sttistis, A iometril Approh 2 n E. Lonon. MGrw-Hill Interntionl Book Compny. Ykugh, I.D.I., T.S.B. Tege, S.A. Olorunju n A.O. Auku, Replement of rewers rie grins for mize performne of pigs J. Si Foo Agri., 66: Yeong, S.W., T.K. Mukherjee n R.I. Hutglung, The nutritive vlue of plm kernel ke s fee stuff for poultry. Proeeings of ntionl workshop on oil plm y-prout utiliztion, Deemer 1981 t Kul Lumpur Mlysi, pp: