Colostrums Immunoglobulin Potential Effects Against Some Biochemical Changes In Diabetic Rats.

Transcription

1 Austrlin Journl of Bsi n Applie Sienes, 5(11): , 2011 ISSN Colostrums Immunogloulin Potentil Effets Aginst Some Biohemil Chnges In Dieti Rts. 1 Mon, A. Sek 2 Mohme, I. Aref 3 Lmi, A.A. Brkt n 4 Bsm, S., Solimn. 1 Biohemistry n 2 Nutrition Deprtment, 3 Women s College, Ain Shms University. 4 Fulty of Meiine, Al-Azhr University. Astrt: Dietes mellitus is one of the most istriute puli helth prolem whih inreses the ility of other iseses n risks. The present work ws onerne with the investigtion of olostrum immunogloulin potentil effets on some iohemil hnges in ieti rts. The results showe the impt of orl ministrtion of olostrum in helthy n ieti rts. Regring to fel hrteristis reflete the improvement of gstrointestinl trt funtion s inrese the sorption whih result in erese fel weights in ssoition with minimize its volume tht signifintly effet on the fel ensity with slightly inrese in ph men vlue in se of onsuming olostrum. Hemtologil mesurements reflete the positive effets of onsuming olostrum on RBCs, WBCs ounts, hemogloin onentrtion n hemtorit vlues; s well s erythroytes inies; suh s erythroyte size or hemogloin ontents. The iohemil mesurements showe n improvement in insulin level s well s plsm gluose level in olostrum onsume group. The erement ws reh 21.94% in ieti rts group ompre with helthy group onsume wter. On the other hn there were highly signifint inreses in serum totl proteins, lumin n gloulin whih ffet A/G rtio in oth helthy n ieti rt groups. When ieti rts onsume olostrum it resulte in signifint reution in lipis pttern, the erement rehe 29.53%, 6.90%, % n 17.39% for totl lipis, totl holesterol, triylglyerol, n LDL-, respetively in ssoition with the inrese in the perentge of HDL- y 57.99% ompre to their orresponing ontrol group tht rnk wter. Dt showe tht olostrum hs positive effet on reuing the oxitive stress risk ompnie with ietes mellitus inluing erese plsm mlonilehye level with inrese in oth erythroytes SOD enzyme tivity n inrese in hepti reue glutthione level. Positive immunologil responses were lso oserve in the levels of immunogloulin lsses IgG n IgA when helthy or ieti rts reeive olostrum. Key wors: Dietes mellitus, Immunity, Bloo gluose, oxitive stress. INTRODUCTION Dietes mellitus (DM) is efine simply s metoli isese hrterize y hyperglyemi n gluosuri resulting from the inility of ells to utilize gluose n lso in term of metoli normlities in ft n protein metolisms whih inreses the risks of oxitive stress n ketosis. These re the prinipl erly symptoms usully relte to the metoli normlities n umultion of some of its metoli resiues..lter evelopments involves omplitions with loo vessels suh s retinopthy, nephroslerosis n theroslerosis (Wjtowiz et l., 2004 n Hmen et l., 2008 ). Colostrum is the first foo nturlly ingeste y the neworn infnts of ny mmmlins. This is the seretion of mmmry glns uring the erliest phses of lttion (true olostrum persist for out 5 ys fter prturition) (Boury et l., 2008). It is visous lemon yellow olor n rih in minerls slts (zin n selenium) n ft solule vitmins; vitmin A, E, n slightly D, while it is poor in ltose, ft, n ontins onsierle mount of the wter solule vitmins wheres ovine olostrum ontins higher reltive onentrtions of thimine, rioflvin, niin, foli i n olmin (Kushik et l., 2000; n Lin et l., 2009). It is lso rih in proteins ontining more signifintly gloulins n lumin n less sein thn in mture milk n for this reson olostrum is het ogulle (Pnhuk, 2005; Nvrtilov et l., 2006 n Kehoe et l., 2007). Immunogloulin (IgA 2 ) hs een ientifie in olostrum whih ppers fter three hours in loo of neworn fe olostrum. Moreover the presene of interleukins s trypsin inhiitor regulte the intensity n urtion of immune response, oost T-ell funtion, regulte lymph tivity, stimulte proution of immunogloulins n elevte the immune response s nti-infetious ftor (Jnewy, 1999; Korhonen et l., n (Tripthi n Vshishth, 2006). The presene of seurity moleule in γ gloulin in olostrum is to ely the igestive hyrolysis of olostrum ioprotein in gstrointestinl trt s pssive limentry immuniztion, s well s olostrum ontins interleukins tht regulte the urtion n intensity of the immune response re responsile for ell to ell omunition, oost T-ell tivity n the reproution of immunogloulins (Ron, 1998). Corresponing Author: Mon Biohemistry n Nutrition Deprtment, Women s College, Ain Shms University. 184

2 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 Colostrum is possile nturl foo whih my hve hypoglyemi properties n thus help in the ontrol of ietes mellitus (Swntson-fltt et l., 1991). Bovine olostrum hs een shown to mintin loo gluose levels to serve the rin ue to its high ontent of insulin like growth ftors tht ross the loo rin rrier to help nerve synpse in the rin n therefore enhning mentl uity (Kuipers et l., 2002). The prole mehnism of hypoglyemi tion of ovine olostrum oul e referre to elying gstri emptying with iret interferene with gluose sorption t tht rrie out in some ntiieti plnts (Willtgmuw, 1998). Another explntion for plsm gluose reution y ovine olostrum my hve een srie to inrese gluose lerne from plsm y peripherl tissues n erese hepti output of gluose (Kim et l., 2008). Its effet in improving the generl immunity of humn ieti sujets ws ue to its high ontents of nturl ntioies n other ntimiroil frtions (Mero et l., 2002 n Solomons, 2002). So this is renewe interest in the present work to ientify ovine olostrum s nturl foo for improving the generl helth onitions of ieti rts, through its pronoune potent hormone moultion effets in ition to its offering the protetive effets ginst mny of infetious iseses ssoite with immunity wekness tht oul pper in ietes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Throughout this stuy totl numer of 32 rts were sujete to experimenttion. Rts were rnomly house iniviully with onstnt ontrolle environments in stinless steel ges; temperture 25 C ± 5 C, ir humiity 55% ± 10% n 12/12 hr light /rk yle were hel. All rts were offere the lne iet with rinking wter for 4 ys for pttion on the environment onitions efore strting the experiment. Then experimentl nimls were ivie into two min groups, the helthy rts n the ieti one. For ietes inution, rts were fstene overnight n were injete intrperitonlly with freshly prepre lloxn monohyrte in sline t ose level of 100 mg/kg-oy weight (Al-Zuhir et l., 1996). Injete nimls were kept on the ontrol, lne iet plus onsuming wter, this followe y monitoring rnom loo gluose level. Monitoring rnom loo gluose levels were performe following enzymti metho of (Teusher n Rihterih, 1971). All ieti rts with seline loo sugr level out ±5.42 mg/l. Then the helthy group ws lssifie into two sugroups (1, 2) n the ieti group ws lssifie into two sugroups (3, 4), the numer of rts in eh sugroup ws 8 rts. Experimentl esign: Sugroup 1: helthy rts fe on the lne iet plus onsuming wter, n the sugroup 2: helthy rts fe on the lne iet plus onsuming olostrum, n the sugroup 3: ieti rts fe on the lne iet plus onsuming wter,n the sugroup 4: ieti rts fe on the lne iet plus onsuming olostrum. The lne iet ws given for eh rt while wter or teste olostrum ws provie liitum. The teste olostrum use in the present investigtion ws the smple of the fresh ollete seretion s the erliest phses of lttion perio whih ollete from goo qulity of 20 helthy ows from three privte frms in Shrqi Governorte. Colostrum ws kept t -20 C in eep freezer until use n nlysis. Foo intke ws mesure every y y sutrting the resiul n refusl iet from serve iet. Dily foo intke (g) = Diet given - (Resiul iet + Refusl iet) The nimls were weighte weekly to monitor the oy weight hnges n fee effiieny rtio (FER) ws lulte s esrie y (Guo et l., 2002). Gin in oy weight FER = Foo intke Fees were ollete ily for eh group in the lst week of the experiment for etermintion of the fel hrteristis e.g. ry weight, volume, ensity n ph s esrie y (Prosky et l., 1985). At the en of experimentl perio (6 weeks), n fter overnight fsting rts were srifie uner ether nesthesi n the loo smples were ollete from hepti portl vein in three entrifuge tues. The first tue ontin EDTA ws use in seprtion of RBCs for the etermintion of the superoxie ismutse enzyme tivity y (Winterourne et l., 1975), s well s hemtologil prmeters oring to (Die n Lewis, 1984); the seon tue(edta free) for seprtion of serum y llowing loo smples left for 15 minutes t temperture of 37 C then entrifuge t 4000 rpm for 20 minutes, then the ser were remove, n kept in plsti vils t 20 C until nlysis of totl protein n lumin y Weissmn et l.,1950: n Dums n Biggs 1972) respetively n its frtion s well s immunogloulin lsses (IgG n IgA) y Berne (1974), the thir tue ontin ethylene iminetetreti i (EDTA) for seprtion of plsm y entrifuging t 4000 rpm for 20 minutes to seprte plsm n then kept in plsti vils t 20 C until nlysis of insulin y (Juzewitsh et l., 1982). 185

3 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 Plsm totl lipis, totl holesterol, triylglyerol, high ensity lipoprotein n MDA were etermine oring to Folh et l.,1957.: Roeshlu et l., 1974.: Triner, (1969), Arol, 1989.: n Drper n Hley (1990). Fresh plsm ws use for the etermintion of loo gluose level y the sme ssy esrie ove. After epittion of the nimls, liver, kiney n spleen were issete immeitely, rinse n wshe y sline solution, then lotte on filter pper to remove wter resiue n weighe to lulte the reltive orgns weight s esrie y (Guo et l., 2002). Weight of orgn Reltive weight of orgns = 100 Finl oy weight Liver ws then store frozen t 20 C until use for the etermintion of hepti reue glutthione oring to Beutler et l., (1982). Sttistil Anlysis: The results were expresse s mens ± S.D. n nlyze for sttistil signifine y two-wy ANOVA followe y tukey's post-hotest for multiple omprisons, using SPSS progrm for winows version 15.0 (SPSS In, Chigo, USA). Vlues were onsiere sttistilly signifint t p < RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The iologil stuy t in generl onfirme the impt of orl ministrtion of olostrum for oth helthy n ieti sujets. The urrent results revele tht the replement of wter y olostrum le to signifint erese in foo intke men vlues t (P>0.05),n the perentge of erement rehe 49.73% n 48.25% in se of helthy n ieti groups onsuming olostrum respetively in omprison with their orresponing ontrols tht onsuming wter. The oy weight gin of helthy rts fe the lne iet plus onsuming olostrum inste of wter inrese y 41.71% in omprison with helthy group onsume wter. While lloxnize rts showe highly signifintly erement in the vlues of oy weight, n the erement rehe 15.25% s ompre to the initil oy weight (145±5g). Colostrum onsumption y ieti rts, showe mrke ugment in oy weight gin rehe 22.57% in omprison with the ieti ontrol group fe the lne iet with rinking wter. The men vlues of FER were eing 0.21±0.03, vs. 0.07±0.01 in se of helthy group n it eing 0.02±0.02 vs ±0.01 in se of ieti group. With respet to the reltive weight of liver, it ws oserve tht lloxn-injete rts group fe on the lne iet with onsuming wter suffere from mrke liver enlrgement ompre to the orresponing helthy ontrol onsuming wter. The vlues eing 5.41±0.49g vs. 3.61±0.43g, while ieti rts fe on the lne iet with onsuming olostrum showe mrke reution in reltive weight of liver. No signifint ifferene ws oserve etween reltive weights of kiney n spleen of helthy or ieti rt groups fe the lne iet either with rinking wter or olostrum. Consuming olostrum inste of wter y oth helthy n ieti rts resulte in signifint reution in the vlues of fel rie weight (P<0.05) ompring to their orresponing ontrol groups tht rinking wter. The perentges of erement were, 36.68% n 47.82%, respetively. Also there is mrke reution in fel volume of the groups tht onsuming olostrum either in helthy or ieti rts. While the results of lulte fel ensity mrkely ffete for fr y fel ry weight n fel volume. Fel ph vlues showe no signifint ifferenes etween the men vlues of helthy ontrol groups either tht rnk wter or olostrum. Alloxnize rts showe signifint reution in their ph men vlue (5.68±0.01), while no mrke hnges were oserve when olostrum ws onsume inste of wter in se of ieti rts group. The hemtologil nlyses inite tht the numeril ounting of RBCs ws signifintly higher in helthy rts onsume olostrum thn their orresponing ontrol rts tht onsume wter. Inution of ietes mellitus resulte in mrke reution in WBCs n RBCs men vlues while onsuming olostrum inste of wter resulte in signifint inrese (P<0.05) in the men ounts of RBCs n WBCs.Also the urrent results showe tht the levels of hemogloin n hemtorit were go hn in hn with the vlues of RBCs in helthy n ieti rts either onsuming wter or olostrum. Biohemil mesurements revele tht: ) Helthy rts onsuming olostrum inste of wter showe no signifint ifferene in plsm gluose level. Alloxn injetion use signifint inrese in gluose level (249.50±5.42 mg/l), ompnie y erese in plsm insulin y 61.89% in omprison with its level in helthy rts fe the lne iet plus wter. The results lso revele tht when wter reple y olostrum in se of ieti rts le to mrke erese in the level of plsm gluose level. The level eing ±2.86 mg/l with insensile effet in insulin onentrtion (12.27±0.48 µlu /ml). ) The vlues of totl protein n its frtions; lumin n gloulins n A/G rtio inrese signifintly y out 5.17%, 6.15%, 3.17% n 2.92% respetively in helthy rts fe olostrum in omprison with helthy rts rnk wter. On the other hn, inue ietes mellitus resulte in reue totl protein s 186

4 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 well s lumin n gloulin levels, n the perentge of erement rehe 21.59%, 22.63% n 19.45% respetively in omprison with the orresponing helthy rts fe the lne iet plus onsuming wter. Consuming olostrum y ieti rts ffete positively on serum totl protein n its frtions; n the inrement rehe 12.45%, 11.36% n 14.60% for totl protein, lumin n gloulin respetively. While there ws slight hnge in the men vlues of A/G rtios etween the two ieti rts fe the lne iet with either onsuming wter or olostrum. ) With respet to the vlues of lipi profile mesurements, it is ler tht olostrum intke les to signifint erese in plsm lipi ptterns. Inution of ietes use signifint inrese in totl lipis, triylglyerols, totl holesterols, n LDL- y out 47.92%, 44.50%, 19.71% n % respetively, ompnie with signifint erese in HDL- y 50.08% ompring with helthy rts onsume wter. The replement of wter y olostrum in ieti group resulte in mrke reution in vlues of these lipi ptterns y out 29.53%, 25.09%, 6.90% n 17.39% for totl lipis, triylglyerols, totl holesterols, n LDL- respetively, ompnie with n inrese in HDL- y 57.99% s ompre with ieti rts onsume wter. ) With respet to oxitive stress sttus, the present results inite tht inution of ietes resulte in mrke inrement in plsm MDA y out 42.68% n reution in oth erythroytes SOD enzyme tivity n hepti reue glutthione y out 48.70% n 27.78% respetively s ompre with helthy rts onsume wter. The funtion role of olostrum to erese the risk of oxitive stress in ietes ws shown in the signifint erement in plsm MDA onentrtion. The perentge of erement ws eing 22.99% while there were signifint inrement rehe 35.75% n 20.94% in se of erythroytes SOD tivity n hepti reue GSH respetively in omprison with ieti rts fe the lne iet plus onsuming wter. e) It ws foun tht lloxnize rts reore mrke reution in IgG n IgA onentrtions whih eing n mg/l respetively. Positive immunity hnges were lso oserve when rts either helthy or ieti were reeive the olostrum. Helthy rts fe on the lne iet plus olostrum showe signifint inrese in levels of IgG n IgA y out 6.66% n 24.04% respetively s ompre with helthy rts onsuming lne iet plus wter. Dieti rts fe on the lne iet plus olostrum showe mrke inrement in IgG n IgA y out 2.24% n 90.29% respetively when ompre with ieti rts fe the lne iet plus wter. Hemtorit (%) MCV = Re loo ell ounts (million/u.mm) % of volume pke erythroytes VI = % of erythroytes The men orpusulr hemogloin (MCH) in pigogrm ws etermine y the following formul:- Hemogloin in g per 1,000 loo MCH = Re loo ells ount in million per µ.mm Tle 1: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on some iologil prmeters in helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet. Mens SD Rt groups Helthy onsuming Dieti onsuming Helthy onsuming olostrum Dieti onsuming olostrum L.S.D. Prmeters Foo intke (g) Boy weight gin (g) Fee effiieny rtio (FER) Reltive weight of liver (g%) Reltive weight of kiney (g%) N.S Reltive weight of spleen (g%) N.S - There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. 187

5 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 Tle 2: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on fel hrteristis in helthy n ieti rts fe on the lne iet (mens SD). Rt groups Helthy onsuming wter Helthy onsuming olostrum Dieti onsuming wter Prmeters Dry weight (g/y) Volume (m 3 ) Density (g/m 3 ) ph There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. Dieti onsuming olostrum L.S.D Tle 3: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on RBCs, WBCs, hemogloin n hemtorit in helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet (mens SD). Rt groups Prmeters Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming olostrum Dieti Consuming wter RBCs 10 6 u.mm 5.01± ± ±0.04 Totl Leukoytes ount (10 3 Cu.mm). 7.50± ± ±0.12 H (g/l) 13.96± ± ±1.18 Hemtorit (%) ± ± ± There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. Dieti onsuming olostrum L.S.D. 4.21± ± ± ± Men orpusulr hemogloin onentrtion (MCHC %) the following formul ws use to etermining its vlue:- g Hemogloin per loo MCHC = 100. % Volume of erythroytes (hemtorit) Sturtion inex (SI) ws etermine y the following formul:- % Hemogloin SI = % Hemtorit Tle 4: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on the inies of erythroytes; onstnts relting to size n to hemogloin ontent in helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet (mens SD). Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming Dieti Consuming Rt groups Prmeters olostrum wter MCV µ 83.97± ± ±0.22 VI 1.00± ± ±0.05 MCH pg 28.78± ± ±1.15 MCHC % 34.09± ± ±2.92 SI 1.00± ± ± There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. Dieti onsuming olostrum L.S.D ± ± ± ± ±

6 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 Tle 5: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on plsm levels of gluose n insulin in helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet (mens SD). Rt groups Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming olostrum Prmeters Plsm gluose level (mg/l) Plsm insulin level ( IU/ml)* There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. Dieti onsuming Dieti onsuming olostrum L.S.D Tle 6: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on serum proteins n A/G rtio in helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet (mens SD). groups Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming Dieti onsuming Dieti onsuming L.S.D. olostrum olostrum Prmeters Totl proteins (g/l) Alumin (g/l) Gloulin (g/l) A/G rtio There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. - A/G rtio: Alumin/gloulin rtio. Tle 7: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on plsm lipi profile n therogeni inex (A.I.) in se of helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet (mens SD). groups Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming Dieti onsuming Dieti onsuming L.S.D. olostrum olostrum Prmeters Totl lipis (mg/l) Triylglyerols (mg/l) Totl holesterol (mg/l) HDL- (mg/l) LDL-C (mg/l) A.I There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. Tle 8: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on oxitive stress sttus in helthy n ieti rts fe lne iet (mens SD). Rt groups Prmeters Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming olostrum Plsm mlonilehye MDA (mmol/l) Erythroytes SOD tivity (unit/ml loo) Hepti GSH (mg/g tissue) There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. Dieti onsuming Dieti onsuming olostrum L.S.D Tle 9: Effet of onsuming olostrum inste of wter on serum levels of IgG n IgA in se of helthy n ieti rts fe on the lne iet (mens SD). Rt groups Helthy onsuming Helthy onsuming Dieti onsuming Dieti onsuming L.S.D. olostrum olostrum Prmeters Plsm IgG (mg/l) Plsm IgA (mg/l) There ws no signifint ifferene etween mens hve the sme letter in the sme rw. 189

7 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 Disussion: Results of the present stuy revele tht ieti rts showe epletion in oy weight gin n this my e ue to egenertion of the ipoytes n musle tissues to mke up for the energy lost from the oy ue to frequent urintion n over onversion of glyogen to gluose. Aministrtion of olostrum y helthy n ieti rts use signifint inrese in oy weight gin, s ompre with their orresponing ontrols onsuming wter. Suh results re in greement with those of Ene et l., 2007) who oserve tht ieti nimls h lower oy weight, higher reltive liver weight n kiney weights s ompre with non-ieti ontrol group. In ition our results go hn in hn with (MDermott et l., 1995; A-El Hmi, 2005; Brkt, 2006; n Brkt et l., 2011). initing tht the reltive weight of liver ws signifintly (P<0.01) inrese in ieti rts ompre with ontrols. This fining grees with tht of Pluske et l., (1999) who oserve n inrese of 40% n 80% of the verge ily gin in oy weight with strter iet supplemente with 50 n 100 g of ovine olostrum extrt per kg of fee. Kuhne et l., (2000). foun tht inrese oy weight when feeing on oth high n low feeing of olostrum. The oy weight gin/ry mtter intkes in oth groups fe on low n high olostrum were greter (P< 0.05) thn in groups fe milk repler n King et l., (2001) onfirme tht n inrese in verge ily gin in oy weight of 20% with 60g of ovine olostrum /kg of fee. In the present work ministrtion of olostrum y helthy n ieti rts resulte in signifint reution in the vlues of fel rie weight n volume ompnie with no mrke hnges in fel ph vlues. Our finings re in goo greement with the finings of Kuhne et l., (2000) showe tht fel sore ws lower in groups fe olostrum thn groups fe milk repler. In ition Mrtin n Quigley, (2001) showe tht fel ry mtter erese in lms fe on fresh olostrum. Boury et l., (2008) suggeste tht the positive response of ovine olostrum might result from n improvement in the snitry sttus of the olostrum trete piglets y iret effet of olostrum on gut helth. Our results showe tht the numeril ounting of RBCs ws signifintly inrese in helthy rts group onsume olostrum. These results go hn in hn with Lonnerl n lyer (1995), Urukp et l. (2002) n Tripthi n Vshishth (2006) who showe tht ltoferrin is n enhner of iron sorption while trypsin n hymotrypsin re remrkly ineffetive in igesting ltoferrin prtiulrly its iron- sturte form. Inution of ietes mellitus resulte in mrke reution in WBCs n RBCs men vlues while replement olostrum inste of wter resulte in signifint inrese in the men ounts of RBCs n WBCs. The results showe tht the levels of hemogloin n hemtorit were go hn in hn with the vlues of RBCs in helthy n ieti rts either onsuming wter or olostrum. Akku et l. (1996) showe tht leukoytes of ietis re ffete y oxitive stress whih might e reson for erese miroiil tivity. In ition Morigi et l. (1998) n Seghrouhni et l. (2002) illustrte tht hyperglyemi in ieti sujets les to erese totl leukoytes ount y inrese numer of herent leukoytes to enothelil ells Mrtin n Quigley (2001). showe tht totl leukoytes ount inrese in ll nimls fter olostrum intke. Remining vile leukoytes my hve plye role in supporting the immune response. Mnev et l., (2003) illustrte tht ltoferrin is glyolysis stimultor, leing to inrese formtion of ATP, whih is neessry to mintin the ion grient, memrne potentil n morphology of the erythroyte. Klin et l., (2008) showe tht hnges in hemtologil prmeters in neworn piglets re ssoite with orgn mturtion n evelopment egrtion of fetl erythroytes n mternl gloulins inrese erythroposis y olostrum intke, the verge of erythroytes numer t the en of sukling perio ws signifintly higher thn vlues otine on the first y of life. The higher hemogloin vlue t the en of sukling perio ws not signifint regring the first y of life, while hemtorit vlue inrese t the sme perio signifintly (P< 0.01). Moreover Grossin et l., (2009) foun tht re loo ell hesion to enothelium is inrese in ietes mellitus n is orrelte with the severity of vsulr omplitions. Elevte gluose onentrtion inreses the oxition phenomenon n vne glytion en prout (AGE) formtion. RBC proteins n e glyte suh s glyte hemogloin n RBC memrne proteins. They e tht vlues of MCHC re inversely proportionl to hemtorit vlue. Singh et l., (2009) reporte tht ietes-relte hroni hyperglyemi n le to hypoxi environment in the renl interstitium, whih results in impire proution of erythropoietin y the perituulr firolsts n susequent nemi. The present work revele lloxn injetion use signifint inrese in gluose level ompnie y erese in the insulin y 61.89%. The results lso illustrte tht replement of wter y olostrum in se of ieti rts resulte in mrke erese in the level of plsm gluose with insensile effet in insulin onentrtion. The goo explntion for lowering loo gluose my e ue to olostrl interleukin-1 whih n prtilly inhiit the phosphoenolpyruvte roxykinse enzyme, the rte limiting enzyme in gluoneogenesis. As well s olostrl insulin like growth ftor IGF whih hs n importnt role to ontrol gluose metolism. IGF losely relte to synthesis of iponetin in ipoytes. Aiponetin my e ugment n mimi the metoli tions of insulin y inresing ftty i oxition n insulin-meite gluose isposl in skeletl musle s well s y eresing hepti gluose output. The goo explntion for erese insulin level is ue 190

8 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 to the ft tht injetion of lloxn resulte in estrution of pnreti β-ell whih responsile for insulin seretion. Our results gree the results of Rg, (2002) reporte tht the prole mehnism of hypoglyemi tion of ovine olostrum oul e referre to its elying of gstri emptying with iret interferene with gluose sorption. In ition of the promoting tivity of its insulin like growth ftor tht hs n importnt role in gluose metolism. Our results onfirme y the results of A El-Hmi (2005), Brkt (2006), n Hmen et l., (2008) illustrte tht lloxn injetion in rts le to inrese loo gluose level more thn 200 mg/l (hyperglyemi). In ition Silj Devi n Ds, (2005) reporte tht lmost ll nimls whih reeive lloxn evelope ietes mellitus s eviene y high loo gluose ( mg/l) n low plsm insulin levels ompre to the ontrol ue to umultion of lloxn in insulin prouing ells result in estrution of pnreti B-ells (Szkuelski, 2001). Our results go hn in hn with Boury et l., (2008) showe tht olostrum hs lso een shown to lne loo sugr levels this is ue, t lest in prt, to growth ftor known s IGF-1 (insulin like growth ftor). Colostrum n ompletely eliminte the nee for insulin. It lnes the pnres just like it oes the thymus so tht loo sugr levels re le to normlize. In ition Hmen et l., (2008) illustrte tht the loo gluose level of ieti rts inrese y 167% (p<0.001) ompre to the ontrol nimls. This is my e ue to lloxn ministrtion exert eleterious effets on the funtion of pnreti β-ells. Our result mth with the result of Kim et l., (2008) shown tht s whole, the rte of erese in loo gluose level y ovine olostrum ministrtion ws highest mong the sujet with type 2 ietes mellitus. In the present work, inue ietes mellitus hs risk ftor tht reue the totl proteins s well s lumin n gloulin levels. Consuming olostrum y ieti rts ffete positively to inrese totl proteins n its frtions. From iohemil mnifesttion of ietes mellitus inrese protein rekown n oxition of mino is le to negtive nitrogen lne. Gr (1998) n Brkt (2006) stte tht lloxn injetion use signifint erese in A/G rtio s ompre with the norml ontrol. While from the nutritionl point of view, olostrl insulin like growth ftor stimulte mino i uptke n reue protein rekown whih inorporte with the positive proution of gloulin sttus. Also olostrum intke stimultes synthesis of lumin in liver. Fng et l., (1997) expline tht IGF-1 hs noli effet to stimulte mino i uptke n reue protein rekown. Our results in greement with the results y Kuhne et l., (2000) shown tht totl protein n gloulin onentrtions inrese rpily in olostrum fe groups of lves s onsequenes of immunogloulin sorption. Inrese mounts of olostrum, higher onentrtions of totl protein n gloulins in groups fe olostrum emonstrte the prolonge effets of high olostrum intke on gloulin sttus. Alumin onentrtion rise in olostrum fe groups ws proly the result of enhne hepti synthesis. Our results re in goo greement with the results otine y Rg, (2002) reporte tht Streptozotoin - inue ietes mellitus resulte in erese plsm lumin n olostrum intke le to mrke inrese in its level, n owe this result to the presene of signifint levels of hormones n other trnsforming growth ftor with the signifint regultory n moulting io-funtion. Our results mth with the results reore y Yssin et l., (2004) showe tht highly signifint erese in serum totl protein n lumin ws reore in ieti rts through the stuy with perentge erese of 21.74% n 20.19% respetively s ompre to ontrol levels. The estimte level of gloulin in ieti rts showe signifint erese with perentge of 24.17% ompre to ontrol. The results of the present work showe tht there were signifint meliortion in plsm lipi profile in helthy n ieti rts when onsuming the lne iet plus olostrum. Colostrum ontins iofuntionl omponents whih my ply s regultory lipi gent suh s ioprotein IgG n ltoferrin s shown in the fining of Rey n Beseovsky, (1989) who oserve tht interleukin-1 n normlize triylglyerol levels in vne stges of hemilly inue ietes. Also Col et l., (1997) onfirme tht the effet of insulin like growth ftor-1 is ssoite with erese gluoneogenesis n suppressing free ftty is relese from ipoytes. Shrp et l., (1994) illustrte tht hypoholesterolemi effet of olostrum owe to IgG whih represent the mjor olostrl immunogloulin tht hve regultory effet leing to hnges in gut miroflor whih my enhne the exretion of ile is n leing to inrese hepti onversion of holesterol into newly synthesize ile i. The finings of (Kijikw et l., 1994: Vssiliou et l., 2001: n Tkeuhi et l., 2004). foun tht ltoferrin interfere with lign ining to lipoprotein reeptor protein (LRP) n inhiit seletive uptke of HDL-Cholesteryl ester y 35-50% in humn primry ipoytes. LRP my ontriute physiologilly to HDL- Cholesteryl ester seletive uptke in ipoytes, euse ltoferrin nother LRP lign tht is lso potent inhiit or of Apo-E n n inhiitor of lipoprotein lipse ining to LRP, reporting tht ltoferrin reue the hylomiron into liver in vivo, wheres the liver uptke of β-vldl is effiiently lok. Ltoferrin ffet the 191

9 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 miellr soluility of holesterol, euse it pprently suppresse lymphti triylglyerols sorption. So it is useful in the ontrol of lipi umultion. The hyperglyemi whih inue y lloxn injetion use signifint inreses in totl lipis, holesterols, free ftty is, n triylglyerols ontents. This my e ttriute to n overproution of the lipi y the gstrointestinl trt. The inrese plsm triylglyerols (TAG) level of ieti nimls n e tre to the mrkely epresse tissue lipoprotein lipse tivity n lerne of TAG enrihe VLDL- from the irultion. Our results re in goo greement with the results otine y (Je et l., 1991; Venkteswrly et l., 1993; Ri et l., 1997; Gr, 1998; Johr, 2002; n Brkt, 2006). Dvis et l., (2007) n Kim et l., (2008) reporte tht ovine olostrum intke n effiiently erese TAG n totl holesterol levels in type 2 ieti ptients n rts. This is my e ue to intertion of vrious hormones within ovine olostrum suh s leptin for ft rekown. In previous stuy y Hyogo et l., (2002). onfirme tht hepti triylglyerol n holesterol ontent erese linerly in mie tht were ministere leptin. The inrese MDA vlue in ieti rts my e ttriute to the inrese level of oxygen free rils whih oul e ue to their inrese proution n/or erese estrution y non-enzymti n enzymti ntioxints. The ntioxitive effet of ltoferrin (1.65±0.54 mg/ml) on erythroytes whih ws expresse s n enhnement of the reue glutthione ontent, erese ontent of prouts of lipi peroxition uner oxitive stress sttus, s well s olostrl vitmin E funtions y onting hyrogen to ftty peroxyl rils therey hlting lipi peroxition. Our result similr to the results of Smie et l., (1998) n Jin n MVie, (1999) who reporte tht ieti ptients hve lower GSH onentrtions in erythroytes n plsm. In ition Sheng et l., (2005) reporte tht in ieti group, GSH ontents were generlly lower thn in the ontrol group, ut signifint ereses were oserve only in liver n kiney. Diner et l., (2002). illustrte tht the mximum erese ws oserve in GSH level in the poorly ontrolle ieti group. This result inites tht the GSH pthwy is suseptile to oxition n this suseptiility inreses in poorly ontrolle ietis. In the present work plsm MDA levels were signifintly elevte in ieti ontrol group, this is in the greement of results of (Sunrm et l., 1996; Soto et l., 1998; Plmer et l., 1998; El-Missiry n Giny, 2000; n Johr, 2002; Silj Devi n Ds, 2005). reporte signifint inrese in the plsm level of MDA, s well s signifint erese in the tivity of SOD in RBCs lyste in lloxn- inue ieti nimls ompre to untrete ontrol. Brkt, (2006) illustrte tht the erese in GSH levels in liver uring ietes is proly ue to its inrese utiliztion y the hepti ells. This my e ue to n ttempt y the heptoytes to ountert the inrese formtion of lipi peroxies. Bounous, (2000) reporte tht olostrum ontin high signifint levels of glutthione preursors; glyin, glutmi i n ysteine. Kspovi et l., (2005) reporte tht olostrum is rih soure of nutrients n ontin iologilly tive moleules tht re essentil for speifi ntioxint funtions espeilly opper, zin superoxie ismutse (Cu- ZnSOD). Inresing level of IgA my e ue to seretory omponent ins to IgA imers to form omplex moleule lle seretory IgA (siga) whih protets the IgA from igestion y intestinl proteses. As well s the presene of seurity moleules s ntitrypsin inhiitor in olostrum i to ely igestive hyrolysis of IgG. Our results onfirme y the results of (Xnthous et l., 1995; n Urukp et l., 2002). who illustrte tht olostrl IgA is preferentilly trnsferre to the neontl uring the first 3 ys postprtum. (Pkknen n Alto 1997; n Tripthi n Vshishth 2006). onfirme tht trnsforming growth ftor-β (TGF-βs) tht present in olostrum results in inrese proution of IgG n IgA. It hs een emonstrte tht TGF-β enhnes expression of seretory omponent in rt-epithelil ells, whih is responsile for the trnsport of polymeri IgA into intestinl lumen. Moreover, Johnson et l., (2007) showe tht serum onentrtions of IgG reore (18.07 mg/ml) in lves reeive olostrum. Moreover, note tht serum onentrtions of IgA out (4.06 mg/ml) in lves reeive olostrum. Moreover, Lin et l., (2009). onfirme tht immunogloulin in olostrum re not ll hyrolyze y the igestive proteses ut n e sore iretly into the enteroytes of neontl pigs in the first few ys of life. Therefore, these immunogloulin proteins in olostrum n perhps totl proteins woul hve greter igestiility thn mture milk. Our results go hn in hn with the results of (Weiner et l., 1999; Le Rousi et l., 2000; Fetherston et l., 2001; Kelleher n Lonnerl, 2001; Lilius n Mrnil, 2002; n Tenovuo, 2002). who onlue tht ily supplementtion with ovine olostrum oul improve the generl helthy onitions of ieti ptients through its pronoune potent hormonl-moultion effets in ition to its offering the protetive effets ginst mny of infetious iseses tht ssoite with immunity wekness tht oul pper in ieti. In ition of the result of (Mero et l., 2002; n Solomons, 2002). foun tht ovine olostrum hs effetive importnt role in improvement of generl immunity of ieti sujets ue to its high ontents of nture ntioies n other ntimiroil frtions. 192

10 Aust. J. Bsi & Appl. Si., 5(11): , 2011 Our results go hn in hn with (Mzzone et l., 1999; n Mnsour et l., 2005) reporte tht serum IgG inrese linerly (P<0.03) s olostrum intke inrese. In ition to the results of Jensen et l., (2001). onfirme tht the IgG onentrtion in plsm ws signifintly higher in olostrum fe groups thn milk repler. The perentge of sore ovine IgG in the ovine olostrum fe group ws 7.0±3.0 % t 3 hours of its intke. Moreover, Golsy et l., (2000) onfirme tht IgA onstitutes only 10%-15% of totl immunogloulins in serum, n it is the preominnt lss in externl seretion of olostrum. In ition Quigley et l., (2002) foun tht Plsm IgG h inrese to 8.0 g/l in lves fe olostrum supplementtion. Plsm IgG onentrtion t 24 h of ge ws initive of suessful trnsfer of pssive immunity. Our finings mth with the finings of Sprks et l., (2003) reporte tht the signifint positive orreltion etween serum IgG n totl serum protein suggeste tht IgG erive from ingestion of olostrum ontriutes signifintly to serum protein levels in neontl lves. The meliortion of olostrum ministrtion supporte of the investigte Ig lsses ue to iofuntionl ompoun n nutritionl spets ompnie y surese the elertion of the oxitive risk. This my reflet the evelopment of teste immunogloulins ginst the trigger of ietes mellitus y nturl foostuff Yousef et l., (2006). REFERENCES A El-Hmi, A.A., Dietry effet of phytte n some loholi sugr on tre elements sttus in ieti rts. M.S. in Siene. Biohemistry n Nutrition Deprtment. Women s College, Ain Shn University. Akku, D., S. Klk, H. Vurl, O. Cglyn n B. Durmu, Leukoyte lipi peroxition, superoxie ismutse, glutthione peroxise n serum n leukoyte vitmin C levels of ptients with type II ietes mellitus. Clinil Chemil At. 244(2): Al-zuhir, H.H., M.I. EL sye n M.A. Sek, Hypoglyemi effet of the voltile oils of Nigell stiv n Allium stivum n their intertions with glipizie on lloxn inue ieti rts. Bull.f. phrm.ciro univ., 34: Arol, D., Seprtion of high ensity lipoproteins n etermintion of holesterol n phospholipis oun to these frtions. Europen Atheroslerosis soiety, Europen hert. J., 15: Brkt, L.A.A., Antimiroil effet n iohemil stuy of some hers on ieti rts. Ph.D. Degree of Siene, Biohemistry n Nutrition Deprtment, Women s ollege, Ain shms University. Brkt, L.A.A., F.A. Khlil n N.H. Ali, Effets of L-Crnitine n turine on ssoite iohemil hnges in lloxn inue ieti rts. EJB., 29: Berne, B.H., Differing methoology n equtions use in quntitting immunogloulins y Ril immunoiffusion- A omprtive evlution of reporte n ommeril tehniques. Clin hem., 20: Boury, C., J. Dehoux, D. Portetelle n A. Bulgen, Bovine olostrum s nturl growth promoter for newly wene piglets: review. Biotehnol. Agro. So. Environ. 12(2): Bounous, G., Whey protein onentrte (WPC) n glutthione moultion in ner tretment. Antiner. 20(6C): Col, G.D., M.H. Cool n D. Aili, Hypoglyemi effet of insulin-like growth ftor-1 mie lking insulin reeptors. The Journl of Clinil Investigtion. 99(10): Die, J.V. n S.M. Lewis, Prtil hemtology, sixth eition, ELBS n Churhill Livingstone Lonon, UK. Dvis, P.F., N.S. Greenhill, A.M. Rown n L.M. Shollum, The svety of New-Zeln ovine olostrum: Nutritionl n physiologil evlution in rts. Foo Chem. Toxiol, 45: Diner, Y., T. Aky, Z. Alemir n H. Ilkov, Effet of oxitive stress on glutthione pthwy in re loo ells from ptient with insulin- epenent ietes mellitus. Metolism, 10: Drper, H.H. n M. Hley, Mlonilehye etermintion s inex of lipi peroxition Methos in Enzymology. 186: Dums, B.T. n H.G. Biggs, In stnr methos of linil hemistry quntitve olorimetri etermintion of lumin in serum or plsm. Vol. 7 Aemi press, New York, P.175. El-Missiry, M.A. n A.M. El Giny, Ameliortion of lloxn inue ietes n oxitive stress in rts y oil of Eru Stiv sees. Ann. Nutr. Met, 44: Ene, A.C., E. A. Nwnkwo n L.M. Smi, Alloxn-inue ietes mellitus in rts n effets of lk rwy (Crum rvi L.) oil on their oy weight. Reserh Journl of Meiine n Meil Sienes. 2(2):

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