International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (10): , 2006 ISSN Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 5 (0): , 2006 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2006 Replement Vlue of Soyen Mel with Rpesee Mel Supplemente with or Without Dietry NSP-Dgring Enzyme on Performne, Crss Trits n Thyroi Hormones of Broiler Chikens H. Kermnshhi n A.R. Asi Pour Deprtment of Animl Siene, Fulty of Agriulture, Ferowsi University of Mshh, Mshh, P. O. Box: , Irn Astrt: In ompletely rnomize esign with 3*3 ftoril rrngements n 4 replites, 432 y-ol Co mle roiler hikens were use to evlute the replement of soyen mel with lol grown rpesee mel in the iet of roiler hikens with or without ietry NSP egring enzyme. The rpesee mel ws reple with soyen mel t the levels of 0 (ontrol), 5 n 30 perent for 6 weeks. The enzyme levels e to the iets were 0 (ontrol), 0.025% n 0.050%. Fee intke, oy weight gin n fee onversion rtio were versely ffete y e levels of rpesee mel uring the strter (0-2 ), grower (2-42 ) n overll feeing perios (P<0.000). Aing 0.025% enzyme signifintly (0.004) improve oy weight gin t strter perio. The intertions etween rpesee n enzyme for oy weight gin were signifint in ll perios (P<0.00). Fee onversion rtio ws not signifintly ffete y ing enzyme into the iets. Ae levels of rpesee mel signifintly inrese the weights of liver, proventriulus, gizzr (P<0.000) n ominl ft p (P<0.028). Aing levels of rpesee mel were lso signifintly inrese the onentrtion of serum triioothyronine (T 3) t 42 ys of ge (P<0.002) while ing enzyme into the iets h no signifint effet mong tretments. Therefore uner the onitions of this stuy, use of lower levels of rpesee mel might e more prtil in roiler iets. For higher levels of replement, further investigtions re require. Key wors: Rpesee mel, thyroi hormones, hikens Introution In omprison to out 44% rue protein in soyen mel (SBM), the protein ontent of rpesee mel (RSM) is out 35% n hs physiologilly suitle mino i omintion in niml nutrition (Hikling, 200; Koher et l., 2000). It hs suitle profile of mino is ut the igestiility of some mino is is less thn tht of SBM (Zuprizl et l., 992). Leeson et l. (987) suggeste 00% replement vlue of SBM with RSM. However, RSM ontins nutritionlly unfvorle sustnes suh s gluosinoltes, sinpin, tnnin n phytte (Cisk n Kozlowsk, 998) n non strh polyshries (Koher et l., 2000). Gluosinoltes n their hyrolyti prouts re ommonly referre to s goitrogens. Gluosinoltes re hyrolyze y myrosinse enzyme proue y the plnt (Buhwlt et l., 986; Cisk n Kozlowsk, 998). Myrosinse tivity hs een oserve in gstro-intestinl teri of severl niml speies n poultry (Mrngos n Hill, 974; Ze, 998). Presene of gluosinoltes in the iets les to hypothyroiism in nimls n poultry, reuing the level of thyroi hormones n lters the rtio etween triioothyronine (T 3 ) n thyroxin (T 4) in loo. Enlrge thyroi size, ltere thyroi hormones n hnge tivities of liver enzymes in the loo of poultry fe iets ontining RSM hs een oserve (Person et l., 983; Shone et l., 990, Nssr n Arsott, 986; Koniiki et l., 99). The presene of non strh polyshries (NSPs) my versely ffet the performne of roiler hikens fe high levels of RSM (Befor et l., 990; Chot n Annison, 992). There re some reports initing tht use of some exogenous rohyrses my llevite the ntinutritionl effet of NSPs (Slominski n Cmpell, 990). Therefore the purpose of this stuy ws to investigte the replement vlue of SBM with lolly grown RSM on performne, some orgn weights n loo thyroi hormones of roiler hikens. Mterils n Methos Birs n iets: The lolly grown rpesee mel (RSM) ws purhse from n oil extrtion Co. in Neishour, Irn (Fzl). For prepring RSM, the oil of the RSM ws extrte y hexn. Three levels of 0.0, 5.0 n 30% RSM protein (32.3% rue protein) were reple with SBM protein (44% rue protein) n three levels of ietry NSP egring enzyme (0, n 0.050% ; Enofee DC proue from Aspergillus niger (GNC Bioferm In., Cn, with minimum tivity of 2400 U/g xylnse n 880 U/g Bet- glunse) were e to the iets uring strter (0-2 of ge) n grower (2-42 ys of ge) perios of roiler hikens (Tle ). All iets met the Ntionl Reserh Counil (NRC, 994) reommentions. Fee n wter provie liitum. 932

2 Kermnshhi n Asi Pour: Soyen Mel n Rpesee Mel Tle : Composition of experimentl iets Age (ys) Tretments Ingreients (%) Corn Soyen mel Rpesee mel Fish mel Corn gluten mel Veg. oil Di lium phosphte Clium ronte Slt Vit. Min.premix DL-Methionine L-Lysine Enzyme Fine sn Clulte nlysis ME (kl/kg) Crue protein (%) Age (ys) Tretments Ingreients (%) Corn Soyen mel Rpesee mel Fish mel Corn gluten mel Veg. oil Di lium phosphte Clium ronte Slt Vit. Min.premix DL-Methionine L-Lysine Enzyme Fine sn Clulte nlysis ME (kl/kg) Crue protein (%) Supplie per kilogrm of iet: vitmin A, 0000 IU; vitmin D,9790 IU; vitmin E, 2 IU; B, 20 µg; rioflvin, 4.4 mg; lium 3 2 pntothente, 40 mg; niin, 22 mg; holine, 840 mg; iotin, 30 µg; thimin, 4 mg; zin sulfte, 60 mg; mngnese oxie, 60 mg; 2 Enofee DC from GNC Bioferm In., Cn. In ompletely rnomize esign with 3*3 ftoril of fee per unit of oy weight gin were reore rrngements, 432 y-ol Co mle roiler hikens weekly. At 42 ys of ge, one hiken from eh were rnomly ssigne in 36 pens of 4 replites per replite (pen) ws rnomly selete, weighe, tretment (*.2m). Birs were mintine uner slughtere n the liver, gizzr, pnres, ontinuous light. The environmentl temperture in the proventriulous n the ominl ft p weights were rn tht ws initilly estlishe on 3ºC ws grully immeitely reore. At 2 n 42 ys of ge, one o reue to 22 C y week 6. ir from eh replite ws rnomly selete n Smple olletion: Fee onsumption n oy weight gin of hikens were reore 4 h fter the removl of fee, n fee to gin rtio lulte s the unit weight their loo smples were ollete. For mesuring T 3 n T 4 onentrtions, serum loo smples ws seprte. The totl T 3 n T 4 onentrtions in the ser were etermine y RIA with using stnr ommeril 933

3 Kermnshhi n Asi Pour: Soyen Mel n Rpesee Mel Tle 2: Effet of levels of rpesee mel n NSP-egring Tle 2: Continue enzyme on performne of roiler hikens Age (ys) -42 Age (ys) Fee Weight Fee to Performne Fee intke Weight gin Fee to Performne intke gin Gin tretments (g) (g) Gin rtio tretments (g) (g) rtio Rpesee level (%) Rpesee level (%) A A A A A A P vlue P vlue Enzyme level (%) Enzyme level (%) B B B B B B P vlue P vlue Rpesee * Enzyme Rpesee * Enzyme AB AB AB AB AB AB A2B A2B A2B A2B A2B A2B A3B e A3B A3B e A3B A3B f A3B e ±SEM ±SEM P vlue P vlue Age (ys) 2-42 A-A3 re 0, 5 n 30% rpesee mel; B-B3 re 0, n 0.05 % enzyme; P<0.05 is sttistilly signifint; Performne Fee intke Weight gin Fee to -f Mens in eh olumn with ifferent supersripts re tretments (g) (g) Gin rtio signifintly ifferent. Rpesee level (%) A A A P vlue Enzyme level (%) B B B P vlue Rpesee * Enzyme AB AB AB A2B A2B A2B A3B A3B A3B ±SEM P vlue kits (Kvoshyr kit) oring to the proeure of Kloss et l. (994) (Gm mni, Contron, Itly, with Automti Gm Counter). Sttistil nlysis: Dt were nlyze se on generl liner moel proeure of SAS (SAS, 993) n tretment mens when signifint (P<0.05), were ompre using Dunn s multiple rnge test (Dunn, 955). Results n Disussion The results of the performne, rss trits n thyroi hormones of roiler hikens fe rpesee mel n enzyme re given in Tles 2 n 3. Fee intke, oy weight gin n fee to gin rtio were signifintly ffete y tretments (P<0.05). Fee intke of roiler hikens t 0-2, 2-42 n totl perio ws signifintly erese y RSM s its inlusion into the iets inrese. The lowest fee intke ws seen in 30% replement. The RSM ontins sustntil onentrtions of phenoli ompoun tht use itter tste n erese its pltility (Shhii n Nzk, 992). Goitrin, isothyoyntes n gluorssiin re known s itter tste in Brssi (Drewnowski n Gomez-Crneros, 2000). The eviene inites tht iet pltility n e versely ffete y the gluosinoltes of the RSM (Mwson et l., 993). Also reserhers foun tht the pltility of iets is improve with low gluosinoltes RSM, very low gluosinoltes RSM (Mwson et l., 993) n lower ietry inlusion of high gluosinoltes RSM (Elwinger n Stery, 986). However, reution in fee intke t 0-2, 2-42 n 0-42 ys of ge seen in this stuy shows tht the ove mentione ompouns present in RSM re prtly responsile for this effet when the inlusion level of RSM ws 5 n 30% of soyen mel replement. Leeson et l. (987) foun tht even omplete replement of SBM (00%) with nol mel 934

4 Kermnshhi n Asi Pour: Soyen Mel n Rpesee Mel Tle 3: Effet of rpesee mel n NSP-egring enzyme on rss trits n thyroi hormones of roiler hikens Age (ys) Crss trits Reltive Reltive Reltive Reltive Serum T 3 SerumT4 SerumT3 Serum T4 Tretments Liver Provent- Gizzr Aominl (0 g/ml) (µ g/l) (0 g/ml) (µ g/l) weight riulus weight Ft p weight weight Rpesee level (%) A A A P vlue Enzyme level (%) B B B P vlue Rpesee* Enzyme AB AB AB A2B A2B A2B A3B A3B A3B ±SEM P vlue Reltive to live oy weight; A-A3 re 0, 5 n 30% rpesee mel; B-B3 re 0, n 0.05 % enzyme; P<0.05 is sttistilly - signifint; Mens in eh olumn with ifferent supersripts re signifintly ifferent; T, tri-iotyronine; T, tyroxine. 3 4 (<30 µmoles/g gluosinolte) i not ffet the fee hypertrophy use y gluosinolte ontent of RSM fe intke in roilers n lying hens ut Krunjew et l. y the irs. Some hnges in liver enzymes suh s (990) foun tht inlusion 49g/kg (50% replement), sprtte trnsminse, ltte ehyrogense n or more, of RSM (42 µmoles/g gluosinolte) in iet lkline ehyrogense in the plsm of lyers n reue fee intke. Replement of RSM with SBM h roilers fe RSM is reporte (Person et l., 983). The n verse effet on oy weight gin n Fee to gin more fier ontent of the iets ontining higher levels rtio of roiler hikens too, These results n ttriute of RSM my ttriute to more reltive weight of to nti-nutritionl ftors present in RSM other thn its proventriulus n gizzr of the irs n the non strh polyshries euse ing NSP- hypertrophy of these orgns. The more ominl ft egring enzyme i not llevite the RSM effet (Tle p of the irs reeiving more RSM my e relte to 2). Aition of enzyme into the iets itself h no positive lower AME ontent of the RSM eyon tht is lulte effet on performne of the hikens in ny perios. n the imlne of energy to protein of the iets. In The reution of oy weight gin my lso e relte to ition to this possiility, the phytte, tnnin n other the lysine-rginine imlne in higher levels of RSM in nti-nutritionl ftors present in RSM my hnge these iets (Summers n Leeson, 978). The use of lrge lnes uses more ft eposition in the oy. The mounts of RSM is limite euse of the lower energy reution in ominl ft p ontent hs een n higher fier ontents ompre with SBM (Mwson oserve previously (Krunjew et l., 990) n my et l., 993). Crue fier ontent of RSM negtively e relte to ltertion of T 3 hormone in the loo ffete AME n vlue for roiler hiken (Chiowsk et l., serum. T 3 not only inues intrellulr lipi 2000). umultion ut lso stimultes ipoyte ell The effet of RSM n enzyme on rss prolifertion n ft ell luster formtion (Yen, 200). hrteristis, serum T 3 n T 4 is shown in Tle 3. Therefore y inresing T 3 in loo serum, ominl RSM signifintly inrese reltive liver, proventriulus, ft p my inreses. RSM only inrese the serum T3 gizzr n ominl ft p to live oy weight of onentrtion of the hikens t 42 ys of ge (P<0.05). hikens (P<0.05). Inresing in liver to live oy weight Newkirk n Clssen (2002) reporte tht the inrese of hikens y RSM hs een frequently reporte level of T 3 use y RSM my ttriute to lter hert (Slominski n Cmpell, 990; Summers et l., 992). ysfuntion in roilers. Aoring to Clninin et l. They reporte tht it is relte to the liver mge n its (966) using of goitirin in the iet of hiks use 935

5 Kermnshhi n Asi Pour: Soyen Mel n Rpesee Mel physiologil equilirium in thyroi gln of hiks fter Clninin, D.R., L. Byly n A. Cllero, weeks. The hyrolysis prouts of gluosinoltes impir the thyroi uptke of ioie, its oxition, the ioine ining to thyrogloulin, synthesis n relese of hormone (Shone et l., 990). As seen in this stuy, inlusion of RSM in roiler s iet inrese T 3 th onentrtion in loo hiken t 42 y of ge (Tle 3) tht is onfirme y Newkirk n Clssen (2002) n Shone et l. (988). Antithyroi ompouns of RSM oul estroy ellulr T 3 reeptors (Shone et l., 990) n hnge outer ring eiointion of T 4 in peripherl tissue (Drrs et l., 2000). Conlusion: Reserhers lssifie the RSM to four tegories s very low, low, meium n high se on their gluosinoltes ontent (Mwson et l., 993) n se on this lssifition, the RSM use in this stuy my h high levels of gluosinolte. Hyrolysis of gluonpin n gluorssinpin les to formtion of nitriles, thioynies, llyl isothyoyntes n enzymti hyrolysis of progoitrin n npoleiferin les to formtion of epiniterile, nitrile n goitrin (Cisk n Kozlowsk, 998). Uner the onition of this stuy, higher levels of RSM showe more verse effet on performne, rss trits n hnge thyroi hormones. Enzyme h no positive effet to llevite the negtive effet of RSM possily use y its NSP ontent. It is possile tht the other nti-nutritionl ftors present in RSM re responsile for poor response of roilers. Further investigtions re require to lrify these ies. Aknowlegment The finnil support of Ferowsi University of Mshh is grtefully knowlege y the uthors. Referenes Befor, M.R., H.L. Clssen n G.L. Cmpell, 990. The effet of pelleting, slt n pntosnse on the visosity of intestinl ontents n the performne of roiler fe rye. Poult. Si., 70: Buhwlt, L., L.M. Lrson, A. Ploger n H. Sornsen, 986. FPLC isoltion n hrteriztion of plnt myrosinse, thiogluosie gluohyrolse, isoenzymes. J. Chromt., 363: Chiowsk, M., S. Smulikowsk n B. Pstuszewsk, Metolisle energy vlue of rpesee mel n its frtions for hikens s ffete y oil n fier ontent. J. Anim. Fee Si., 9: Chot, M. n G. Annison, 992. Anti-nutritive tivity of whet rinoxyln: Role of visosity n gut miroflor. Br. Poult. Si., 33: Cisk, E. n H. Kozlowsk, 998. Gluosinoltes of ruiferous vegetles. Polish J. Foo Nutr. Si., 48: Rpesee mel stuies. 5: Effets of (±)-5-venyl- 2.oxzoliinthione, goitrogen in rpesee mel on the rte of growth n thyroi funtion in hiks. Poult. Si., 45: Drrs, V.M., S.V. Geyten n E.R. Kuhn, Thyroi hormone metolism in poultry. Biotehnol. Agron. So. Environ., 4: Drewnowski, A. n C. Gomez-Crneros, Bitter tste, phytonutrients, n the onsumer: review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 72: Dunn, D.B., 955. Multiple rnge n F-Tests. Biometris, : -42. Elwinger, K. n B. Stery, 986. Continue experiments with rpesee mel of Sweish low gluosinolte type fe to poultry.. Experiments with roiler hikens. Swe. J. Agri. Res., 6: Hikling, D., 200. Cnol fee mel inustry guie, 3th eition. Cnol Counil of Cn. Krunjew, H., E.G. Ijguji n R.L. Reee, 990. Effet of ietry levels of rpesee mel n polyethyleneglyole on the performne of mle roiler. Br. Poult. Si., 3: Kloss, P., E. Jeffery, M. Wllig, M. Tumleson n C. Prsons, 994. Effiy of feeing gluosinolte extrte rme mel to roiler hiks. Poult. Si., 73: Koher, A., M. Chot, D. Porter n J. Broz, The effet of enzyme ition to roiler iets ontining high onentrtions of nol or sunflower mel. Poult. Si., 79: Koniiki, A., D.A. Krsnoesk, A. Frug, D. Mikulski, M. Kozlowski, H. Kozlowsk, I. Jnowsk n H. Rotkiewikz, 99. Effet of onentrte fee ontining ifferent rpesee mels on hemtologil inies in roiler hiks. Zesz. Nuk. Ak. Roln. Wrol.Wete., 98: Leeson, S., J.O. Atteh n J.D. Summers, 987. The replement vlue of nol mel for soyen mel in poultry iets. Cn. J. Anim. Si., 67: Mrngos, A. n R. Hill, 974. The hyrolysis n sortion of thiogluosies of rpesee mel. Pro. Nutrition. SOS., 33: 90A (strt). Mwson, R., R.K. Heny, Z. Zunzyk n H. Kozlowsk, 993. Rpesee mel gluosinoltes n their ntinutritionl effets 2. Flvour n pltility. Die Nhrung, 37: Nssr, A.R. n G.H. Arsott, 986. Cnol mel for roilers n the effet of ietry supplement of iointe sien on performne n thyroi sttus. Poult. Si., 65(Supp. ): 97 (st.). Ntionl Reserh Counil, 994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th ED. Ntionl Aemy Press, Wshington, DC. 936

6 Kermnshhi n Asi Pour: Soyen Mel n Rpesee Mel Newkirk, R.W. n H.L. Clssen, The effet of tosting nol mel on oy weight, fee onversion effiieny, n mortlity in roiler hikens. Poult. Si., 8: Person, A.W., N.M. Greenwoo, E.J. Butler n G.R. Fenwik, 983. Biohemil hnges in lyer n roiler hikens when fe on high gluosinoltes rpesee mel. Br. Poult. Si., 24: SAS, Institute, In., 993. SAS User s guie: version 6.03 en, SAS Institute In., Cry, North Crolin. Shone, F., G. Jhreis, G. Rihter n R. Lnge, 990. Evlution of rpesee mels in roiler hiks: effet of ioine supply n gluosinolte egrtion y myrosinse or opper. J. Si. Foo Agri., 6: Shone, F., H. Luke, A. Henning n G. Jhresis, 988. Copper n ioine in pig iets with high gluosinolte rpesee mel. II. Influene of ioine supplements for rtions with rpesee mel untrete or trete with opper ions on performne n thyroi hormone sttus of growing pigs. Anim. Fee Si. Te., 22: Shhii, F. n M. Nzk, 992. An overview of the phenolis of nol n rpesee: hemil sensory n nutritionl signifine. J. Am. Oil Chem. So., 69: Slominski, B.A. n L.D. Cmpell, 990. Non-strh polyshries of nol mel: Quntifition, igestiility in poultry n potentil enefit of ietry enzyme supplementtion. J. Si. Foo Agri., 53: Summers, J.D. n S. Leeson, 978. Feeing vlue n mino i lne of low gluosinoltes B. npus (v. Tower) rpesee mel. Poult. Si., 57: Summers, J.D., D. Sprtt n M. Befor, 992. Sulphur n lium supplementtion of soyen n nol mel iets. Cn J. Anim. Si., 72: Yen, P.M., 200. Physiologil n moleulr sis of thyroi hormone tion. Physiol. Rev., 8: Ze, A., 998. Possiilities n Limittions of Feeing Rpesee mel to Broiler Chiks. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Georg. August. Zuprizl, M., D. Lrier n A.M. Chgneu, 992. Effet of ge n sex on true igestiility of mino is of rpesee n soyen mels in growing roiler. Poult. Si., 7: