CFSE Thy1.2 + CD4 + cells

Transcription

1 Time after immunization (d) IFN-g Spleen Lymph nodes Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II CFSE Thy1.2 + CD4 + cells Supplementary Figure 1. In vivo proliferation of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells. CFSE-labeled T cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II or Rbpj -/- ;OT-II mice were transferred into Thy1.1 mice who were then immunized with OVA emulsified in CFA. At the indicated time points, mice were sacrificed and CFSE dilution and IFN-γ production by the transferred OT-II T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. The data in this figure are representative of seven independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

2 OVA-immunization CD62L Rbpj -/- ;OT-II Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Before Day 2 (dlns) Thy1.1 CD44 Supplementary Figure 2. Migration and activation of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells in the early phase of immunization. T cells from Rbpj -/- ;OT-II mice (Thy1.1 - Thy1.2 + ) were co-transferred with T cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II mice (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 + ) into recipient mice (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 - ), and then immunized with OVA emulsified in CFA in hind footpads. At the indicated time points after immunization, the percentage and activation status of transferred OT-II T cells from spleen and dlns were examined by flow cytometer. The data in this figure are representative of three independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

3 unimmunized immunized unimmunized immunized unimmunized immunized unimmunized immunized % of BrdU + cells Cell number a unimmunized control Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II Day Day b 6 CFSE Day 14 Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Day 18 Day 14 Rbpj -/- ;OT-II Day 18 Supplementary Figure 3. Rbpj deficiency does not disturbs secondary proliferative responses of CD4 + T cells. Purified CD4 + T cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 + ) or Rbpj -/- ;OT-II (Thy1.1 - Thy1.2 + ) mice were transferred into C57BL/6 mice (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 - ) that were subsequently immunized by OVA and CFA. (a) Fourteen or eighteen days after immunization, CD4 + T cells were purified, labelled by CFSE and transferred into new recipient C57BL/6 mice (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 - ). Those mice were immunized by OVA and CFA, and CFSE dilution in each population was evaluated 3 days after immunization. (b) Fourteen or eighteen days after immunization, mice were immunized by OVA and CFA, and BrdU incorporation in each population was measured 3 days after immunization. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. The data in this figure are representative of two independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

4 CD122 CD43 KLRG1 CD16 CD27 CXCR3 LAG-3 Tim3 2B4 Supplementary Figure 4. Expression of memory and exhaustion-related molecules on the surface of CD4 + T cells Expression of indicated molecules on transferred OT-II CD4 + T cells in draining popliteal LNs of mice 7 days after immunization with OVA/CFA. CD4 + T cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 + ) and Rbpj -/- ;OT-II (Thy1.1 - Thy1.2 + ) were co-transferred into C57BL/6 (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 - ) mice and immunized with OVA emulsified with CFA at hind footpads. Seven days later, LN cells were stained with anti-cd4, Thy1.1, Thy1.2, CD44 and antibodies against indicated antigens. The data shown were gated on CD44 + CD4 + cells. Shaded: control Ig, Solid lines: Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II, dotted lines: and Rbpj -/- ;OT-II. The data in this figure are representative of three independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

5 Uninfected C57BL/6 BALB/c BALB/c Anti-IL-4 mab Footpad swelling (mm) [ 3 H] incorporation (cpm) Uninfected C57BL/6 BALB/c Control IgG BALB/c Anti-IL-4 mab Footpad swelling (mm) [ 3 H] incorporation (cpm) a 8 7 Primary 12 1 ** ** 6 + C57BL/6 B b Time after L.major infection (d) Secondary Time after L.major infection (d) BALB/c 6 Cont Control Ig BALB-WT IgG BALB/c-Rbpj -/- 4 Cont Control Ig BALB-RFF4 IgG BALB/c 2 ail-4 Anti-IL-4 BALB-WT mab BALB/c-Rbpj ail-4 BALB-RFF4 -/- Anti-IL-4 mab Primary C57BL/6B6 14 Primary BALB/cBALB-WT 12 BALB/c 1 Secondary Anti-IL-4 mab (11B11- extreated) BALB-WT 8 BALB/c-Rbpj -/- Secondary Anti-IL-4 mab (11B11-6 extreated) BALB-RFF4 4 ** p<.1 2 ** BALB/c-Rbpj -/- Control IgG ** BALB/c-Rbpj -/- Anti-IL-4 mab BALB/c-Rbpj -/- Anti-IL-4 mab Supplementary Figure 5. Rbpj is required for the maintenance of memory CD4 + T cells for Leishmania major a) Mice were inoculated with 5 x 1 6 metacyclic phase Leishmania major (L. major) in the left hind footpad and the inoculated footpad thickness was measured weekly. Neutralizing anti-mouse IL-4 mab (11B11) (4 μg/d) was intraperitoneally administered into BALB/c (open triangle) or Rbpj -/- under BALB/c background (BALB/c-Rbpj -/- ) (filled triangle ) mice from one day before to 11 days after L. major inoculation at 2-day. Control rat IgG was administered to BALB/c (open square) or BALB/c-Rbpj -/- (filled square) mice on the same schedule as anti-il-4 mab administration. C57BL/6 (open circle) mice were inoculated as a resistant control strain. Purified CD4 + T cells 14 days after infection was stimulated with Leishmania major-derived antigens for 3 days and [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation during final 6 hours were measured. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. ** indicates p <.1. b) BALB/c (open square) and BALB/c-Rbpj -/- (filled square) mice that were treated with anti-il-4 mab were re-inoculated with 1 x 1 6 metacyclic phase L. major in the right hind footpad 2 months after the primary infection without further anti-il-4 mab administration, and footpad thickness was measured weekly. C57BL/6 (open circle) and BALB/c (filled circle) mice were inoculated as resistant and susceptible controls, respectively. Purified CD4 + cells 14 days after second infection was stimulated with Leishmania major-derived antigens for 3 days and [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation during final 6 hours were measured. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. ** indicates p <.1 The data in this figure are representative of two independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

6 Change in transferred cell number (initial cell number as 1) Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Notch1 -/- ;OT-II Notch2 -/- ;OT-II Notch1 -/- Notch2 -/- ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II 1 1 * * * * * 1 * * * Time after immunization (d) Supplementary Figure 6. Notch signaling contributes to memory CD4 + T cells maintenance OT-II cells from Rbpj -/- ;OT-II (filled triangle), Notch1 -/- ;OT-II (open square), Notch2 -/- ;OT-II (filled square) or Notch1 -/- Notch2 -/- ;OT-II (open triangle) mice were cotransferred with Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II cells (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 +, open circle) into recipient mice (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 - ) that were immunized with OVA. Kinetic analysis of antigenactivated OT-II T cells in lymph nodes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results were quantified and are shown as relative changes to initial cell numbers. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. * indicates p <.5. The data in this figure are representative of three independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

7 Cell number (x 1 3 ) Cell number (x 1 2 ) Day 6 Day ** Rbpj+/+ Rbpj+/+ Rbpj-/- Rbpj-/- Supplementary Figure 7. Rbpj deficiency disturbs the maintenance of MOG-specific memory CD4 + T cells. Rbpj +/+ or Rbpj -/- mice were immunized with MOG emulsified in CFA, and MOGspecific CD4 + T cells were evaluated with MOG/IA b tetramer in the spleen 6 days or 21 days after immunization (n=4). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. ** indicates p <.1. The data in this figure are representative of two independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

8 Thy1.1 % of transferred OT-II cells in spleen a 12 Spleen 15 Bone marrow 9 11 Count 6 Count b Dll4 Dll1 +/+ Dll1 -/ CD Dll1 +/+ Dll1 -/- Supplementary Figure 8. Memory T cells survival in CD11c + cell-specific Delta-like 1 deficient mice. a) Expression of Delta-like 4 on the CD11c + population in spleen and bone marrow. Dotted line: control hamster IgG, solid line: anti-dll4. b) OT-II T cells (Thy1.1 + Thy1.2 + ) were stimulated in vitro with 1 μm OVA peptide in the presence of rmil-2 for 1 days. After culture, 5 x 1 6 live OT-II cells were intravenously transferred into Dll1 flox/flox crossed with CD11c-Cre transgenic mice (Dll1 -/- ) or control CD11c-Cre (Dll1 +/+ ) mice. Fifteen days after transfer, mice were sacrificed and the proportion of transferred OT-II cells in spleen were evaluated by flow cytometry. Quantification is shown in right panel. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. The data in this figure are representative of five independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

9 IL-7Ra expression CD4 + Naïve (CD62L + CD44 - ) pstat5 (MFI) % of Max a CD44 + (dlns at Day8) Shaded: control antibody Thin: Rbpj +/+ Thick: Rbpj -/ b CD127 Stat5 phosphorylation by IL-7 1 % of Max Shaded: 2 nd alone Gray: Rbpj +/+ (untreated) Thin: Rbpj +/+ (IL-7) Thick: Rbpj -/- (IL-7) 2 c <FITC-A>: pstat5 pstat Time after stimulation (min) Supplementary Figure 9. IL-7 signaling and phosphorylation at Ser473 of AKT in CD4 + T cells. a) IL-7Rα chain (CD127) expression on naïve or antigen-activated CD4 + T cells from OVA-immunized Rbpj +/+ or Rbpj -/- mice was evaluated by flow cytometer. b) and c) Phosphorylation of Stat5 (pstat5) was evaluated in naïve CD4 + T cells from Rbpj +/+ or Rbpj -/- mice stimulated with ril-7 for 15 min. c) Kinetics of MFI of pstat5 after IL-7 stimulation. Open circle; Rbpj +/+, filled circle; Rbpj -/-. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. The data in this figure are representative of three independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

10 Acetyl- Coa Transfera se Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases Acyl- CoA Oxidas es Acyl-CoA Synthetases Fatty acid catabolism Fatty acid Transport Acyl-CoA Thioesterases Carnitine Transferases Other Fatty acid Biosynthesis Regulation Ketogenesis Tryacylglycerol Catabolism Lpl Lipe Gyk Gpd2 Gpd1 Gk2 Oxct2a Hmgcs2 Hmgcs1 Hmgcl Bdh2 Bdh1 Prkag3 Prkag2 Prkag1 Prkacb Prkaca Prkab2 Prkab1 Prkaa2 Prkaa1 Slc27a6 Slc27a5 Slc27a4 Slc27a3 Slc27a2 Slc27a1 Fabp6 Fabp5 Fabp4 Fabp3 Fabp2 Fabp1 Ppa1 Pecr Eci2 Mut Mcee Hadha Echs1 Decr2 Decr1 Aldh2 Crot Crat Cpt2 Cpt1c Cpt1b Cpt1a Acot12 Acot9 Acot8 Acot7 Acot6 Acot3 Acot2 Acsm4 Acsm3 Acsl6 Acsl5 Acsl4 Acsl3 Acsl1 Acsbg2 Acsbg1 Acox3 Acox2 Acox1 Gcdh Ehhadh Acadvl Acadsb Acads Acadm Acadl Acad11 Acad1 Acad9 Acat2 Acat1 Acaa2 Acaa1a Rbpj -/- Rbpj +/ Relative expression to Hprt Supplementary Figure 1. Expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism Relative expression of indicated genes in CD4 + T cells from dlns of mice immunized with OVA (day 7) by real-time PCR. Open column; Rbpj +/+, filled column; Rbpj -/- Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

11 ECAR (mph/min) Relative expression to Hprt Relative expression to Hprt a b Insr Irs1 Irs2 Irs3 Irs4 c Glucose Oligomycin 2-DG * * * Rbpj+/+;OT-II (untreated) Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II (insulin) Rbpj -/- ;OT-II (untreated) Rbpj -/- ;OT-II (insulin) Time (min) Supplementary Figure 11. Glycolytic activity in Rbpj negative CD4 + T cells was impaired. Relative expression of genes related to (a) glucose uptake and metabolism or (b) insulin signaling in CD4 + T cells from dlns of mice immunized with OVA by quantitative PCR. Open column; Rbpj +/+, filled column; Rbpj -/-. (c) Spleen cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II or Rbpj -/- ;OT-II mice were stimulated in vitro with 1 μm OVA peptide and 1 ng/ml recombinant mouse IL-2 for 5 days, then CD4 + T cells were purified. Fifty thousand cells were added into each well of a 96- well Seahorse assay plate and ECAR was measured in a glycolysis stress test using the Seahorse XF analyzer. In some groups, recombinant human insulin was added at.5 μg/ml. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. * indicates p <.5. The data in this figure are representative of three independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

12 pakt (MFI) Normalized to mode a Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II pakt (S473) b 2 ** p< Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II Rbpj -/- ;OT-II Supplementary Figure 12. Flow cytometoric analysis for AKT phosphorylation. Spleen cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II or Rbpj -/- ;OT-II mice were stimulated in vitro with OVA peptide and IL-2 for 4 days. Cells were harvested, washed and further cultured with plain medium (without serum) overnight. Then cells were stimulated with.5 μg/ml recombinant human insulin in the presence or absence of the 5 μm PI3K inhibitor, LY2942, for 15 min. After insulin stimulation, cells were stained for CD4, CD44 and pakt (S473) and gated on CD4 + CD44 + cells. Data are shown in histogram (a) and mean fluorescent intensity (b). (a) shaded: control Ig, solid: no insulin, dotted: insulin, red: insulin plus LY2942. (b) gray: insulin(-) LY2942(-), red: insulin(-) LY2942(+), black: Insulin(+) LY2942(-), blue: insulin(+) LY2942(+). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. ** indicates statistical significance (p<.1). The data in this figure are representative of two independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

13 Gipc1 Gipc2 Frmpd4 Pdzd4 Pdzk1 Pdzk1ip1 Rictor Prr5 Prr5l msin1 mlst8 Phlpp1 Phlpp2 Relative expression to Hprt Relative expression to Hprt a b mrna stability Glut1 degradation mtorc2 Supplementary Figure 13. Expression of genes related to PI3K/AKT/mTORC2 and for regulation of Glut1 expression Relative expression of indicated genes in CD4 + T cells from dlns of mice immunized with OVA by real-time PCR. Open column; Rbpj +/+, filled column; Rbpj -/- Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

14 Control CA-AKT Glut1 Supplementary Figure 14. Constitutively active AKT restored and induced cell surface Glut1 expression. Spleen cells from Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II and Rbpj -/- ;OT-II mice were stimulated in vitro with 1 μm of OVA peptide overnight and retrovirally transduced with control GFP or constitutively active AKT (CA-AKT, GFP was also expressed). Two days after retroviral infection, cells were harvested and stained for CD4, CD44 and Glut1. Cells are shown gated on GFP + CD4 + CD44 +. Shaded: control Ig, sold: Rbpj +/+ ;OT-II, dotted: Rbpj -/- ;OT-II. The data in this figure are representative of two independent experiments. Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

15 Supplementary table 1 Primer sequences for real-time PCR T cell survival-related molecules Gene Forward primers Reverse primers Dtx1 GCTCAGCTTGATGCGTGTAT AAGACATCGTCCTTGCCTCT Hprt AGCCTAAGATGAGCGCAAGT TTACTAGGCAGATGGCCACA Bcl2 GTCGCTACCGTCGTGACTT CAGCCTCCGTTATCCTGGA Mcl1 GAGGAGGAACTGGACGGCTG CGACTGGCGGTATAGGTCGTC Insr GACTTACAGATGGTTGGGCA AAGACCAACTGTCCTGCCAC Irs1 GGAGGATTTGCTGAGGTCAT CTATGCCAGCATCAGCTTCC Irs2 ATGCAAGCATCGACTTCCTGTCC GCTGGTAGCGCTTCACTCTTTC Irs3 GCCTCTTGGGGACTGAAAC GAGCAGCAAGCATGGTACAG Irs4 TTGGTTTTGGTGGCAGTGTA CGATGATGACGACGACATTT Glucose metabolism-related molecules Functions Gene Forward primers Reverse primers Glut Slc2a1 GAGTGTGGTGGATGGGATG AACACTGGTGTCATCAACGC Slc2a3 ATCGTGGCATAGATCGGTTC TCTCAGCAGCTCTCTGGGAT Slc2a6 GCCCAGGAGGTCATTGAGTA CCAGCACTACACCTGGACAA Pfkfb3 CCACCATCACAATCACGGT CAGAGCCGGGTACAGAAGAT mrna stability Gipc1 TGTCAAGGAGCTGTACGGCAAG AGGGTGCAGAACATCACCTCAG Gipc2 TGAAATAGGACCAAGGTCGAAAGC AACCTTTCCGATTGCCTTTGCC Glut1 degradation Frmpd4 TGGCACTTTGAGAGATGGATGCC CCAGGCTCTGTCAAAGCTACACTG Pdzd4 AAAGTGATGCTTCAGGTGAACGG TAGGGTTTGCTCCTGAGACAGC Pdzk1 CCTTGACAGAACCATTAGGCA TGTTGGTGCTGGACAAAGAG Pdzk1ip1 AGACGATTGCAACAAGGACC ACCTGCCAGCTGTCAACAA mtorc2 Rictor GATGGCCCAGCTTTCTCATA GAACGTCCCGCTCGATCT Prr5 CCCTCGTTGAGGATGAAGAG AACGCCACCTGGAACAGT Prr5l AAGGTGTCTCTCAACGCTGC TGGAACACCGGAAACTTTTT msin1 GAGTGCAGGGGGAGGTAGAC TCTGCAGCTGAATAACCCCT mlst8 AGTCACATCGTCACCAATGC CCATCACGTCTGCTCACATC Phlpp1 AGATGGCAGGGCAGAGGAATAAAC CCCACACCCTCTGCAAAGTTATCC Phlpp2 TCTTGCAATGCCCTGCGAGAAG CCAGCAGAAACGTCTGCAAGTTC Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

16 Fatty acid metabolism-related molecules Functions Enzymes Genes Forward primers Reverse primers Fatty acid catabolism Acetyl-Coa Transferase Acaa1a CGGGAAGAGATATTCCCAGG GTGGCATCAGAAATGGGTCT Acaa2 AGAAGTCCTTGAGAAGGCCC GCGGAATAGCTGAGCTTCG Acat1 TGCATAACTTCGTTCCAGGC AGCCTTTCGCGTCTCCAT Acat2 CACCTCACCCATCCTGACTC ACTCCACCATTGTGGTAGCTG Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases Acad9 CCGACTAGGCCATCTTTTGA GGAGCTAAAGGGATCTGCAAC Acad1 AAGGGACATGATTCTGCACC ATTCTGGAGGCCGAAGCTA Acad11 TCTGCAGTATAGCAGGGGCT GCTCTCTTCTTCCCAAAGCA Acadl TCTTGCGATCAGCTCTTTCA GGTACATGTGGGAGTACCCG Acadm GCGAGCAGAAATGAAACTCC AGCTCTAGACGAAGCCACGA Acads ACTCAGCTCCTCTGGCACAT AGCTGGACAGGGAGCATCT Acadsb GAGACAAGCAGGTTGGGAAG TTGCGAGCTTAACAGGGC Acadvl CTGATGAGCTCCCAGGGTAA TTGGGCCTCTCTAATACCCA Ehhadh TGGCTCTAACCGTATGGTCC CTATGATCCGCCTCTGCAA Gcdh CCCAGTAATTGCTCTCCCAA ATCCGGCATGCTATGAATCT Acyl-CoA Oxidases Acox1 CCTGATTCAGCAAGGTAGGG TCGCAGACCCTGAAGAAATC Acox2 TGTCCGTCATAACAGCCAAG CCTTCCTAGACCTGCTTCCC Acox3 AGGGATCCCATGGTACTGTC CCTGATTTGAGTCCCAGGAA Acyl-CoA Synthetases Acsbg1 TCTTTGGAGAGTGTTTGCCC CAGCAGAGATGATCAGCAGC Acsbg2 ACCGCTGGTGGTGAGAATGTATC TCTTCCGGTCTGTTTCACACTTC Acsl1 ACCATCAGTGGTACCCGCTA CGCTCACCACCTTCTGGTAT Acsl3 TGGTGTTGAAGATACGTGGTT GCTCTGAGGAGCAGCCAG Acsl4 AGCCAAGGGAATTCAATTTT ACCTGTTCTTAAAAGTGAAAGAAGAAA Acsl5 GTTGGAAGTGGGGAAAACAA ACTCGGAAGCTCCAAGGC Acsl6 CTCAGGATCTCCTGGGTCTG GACCTTCTTCTTGGTGTCGG Acsm3 GGATGTCTTTCTGGGTCAGC GATACTGCCCAAGATCCCAG Acsm4 TCTTGACTTCCCGTCTCCAC CTGGTGTCTCCACACCACTG Acyl-CoA Thioesterases Acot2 TATGATCCCAGGAAAGGGTC AGCGTCACTTCTTGGCTCC Acot3 ATGATTCCAGGAAAGGGTCC ACGAGCGTCACTTCATGGC Acot6 CGTGCTTGCCCTGGCTTATTTC TCCAATATTTGGGCCTTTCACCTG Acot7 GGCATCATCTGGACGCAT CCTGCTGGACACCTGTTCTC Acot8 ATAGGTACCTCCTGGGCAGC GAAGACCTGCTGGATCACGA Acot9 TCAATCTTGTCCACCAGGACT GGACCTTGACAGCCTAGGAG Acot12 TCTCGCTGTGTCCTCAAACA AGCTGCTCAAGTGGATGGAC Carnitine Transferases Cpt1a AGTGGCCTCACAGACTCCAG GCCCATGTTGTACAGCTTCC Cpt1b GCTGCTTGCACATTTGTGTT TGTCTACCTCCGAAGCAGGA Cpt1c CAAACTCTTCCCACCAGTCG GCAAATGACTTCCTGAGGTTG Cpt2 TGGCTGTCATTCAAGAGAGG ATGCACTACCAGGACAGCCT Crat CTCCTGGGCTGGAGTAGATG AGGGCCAAGAAAATGGAGAA Crot CTCCTCGCTAGTTAATGCCG TTGATCACCCCACCAGAACT Other Aldh2 GATGACCTCCCCTGTGGAA AGCCTGAGGTCTTCTGCAAC Decr1 TGTGGAGCATCTTTGCTTTG CGTTCTTTGCTGGGGTGT Decr2 TGTCAATGTCAACCACGGTC TGGCAAAATCAACATCCTCA Echs1 CCACGCTGCTATTCTTTCCT TCACTGTTGTCCTCAGTCCG Hadha CTGGTCAGCAGAGCAGAAGA ATTGGCAGTCTCAGTCGCTT Mcee TCACAGCTGCACTGATGTTG CACTGGGGAGTGATAGTCCAA Mut CAGCTACAGCTTTGGCCATT ATGATGGAGTCGCTCACAAA Eci2 CGAGTTGGCTGAATGGAGTA CCAGCTGTGGGAATCTCTGT Pecr GGGAAGCAATGACCACGTTA TGCTGAAGAACCAAGTGGC Ppa1 CTCAACCACCATGTGGAACA AGTACCGCGTCTTCCTCAAA Fatty acid Transport Fabp1 GATTTCTGACACCCCCTTGA TGCAGAGCCAGGAGAACTTT Fabp2 CTCGGACAGCAATCAGCTC GTCTAGCAGACGGAACGGAG Fabp3 CTTGGTCATGCTAGCCACCT CTTTGTCGGTACCTGGAAGC Fabp4 CACTTTCCTTGTGGCAAAGC AATGTGTGATGCCTTTGTGG Fabp5 TGTTGTTGCCATCACACGTA CGGCTTTGAGGAGTACATGA Fabp6 TCCCCTTTCAATCACGTCTC GCCTTCAGTGGCAAATATGAA Slc27a1 AGCCGAACACGAATCAGAAC TTCTGTGTGTACGTGGGTGG Slc27a2 CATCCTTTTTCAGGGTTGGA TCTGCTGCACTGCTTTCAAT Slc27a3 TCTGAGAACTTGCCACCGTATGC AGTAGTGGCCAAAGATTCCTGGAG Slc27a4 TCCTTCCGCAACTCTGTCTT AAGGAGCTGCCTCTGTATGC Slc27a5 GGCCAAGGTAGAAGCAGTGA CCAGTGTGCTGATTGTGGAT Slc27a6 TGATGAGCCAGTACCACCAAGC AGCTGCTTTGGGTAGACCTGTTG Fatty acid Biosynthesis Regulation Prkaa1 ATGCAAAGATAGCCGACTTTGGTC TTGGGTGAGCCACAGCTTGTTC Prkaa2 ACTGCCACTTTATGGCCTGT GATCGGACACTACGTCCTGG Prkab1 CCATCCTTGATGGAGAGTGC ATCTTGAACAAGGACACGGG Prkab2 GCGCTAAGGACCATCACACT TGACCCAGCCTTACTTCCTG Prkaca ATTCTGAGAAGGGGTCTCCC AAGAAGGGCAGCGAGCAG Prkacb TCCTCAAGCCCAGCATTACT CAAGAAAGGCAGCGAAGTG Prkag1 ACTATTGTTTGATTCCGGGG TTTCCAAGCTGAGGAACTGG Prkag2 GGTGTTGACGGAGAAGAGGA TCATCCAAAGAGTCTTCGCC Prkag3 GGCACAGGTTCTTTCTGAGC ACAGTGGGGGTCCAGAGAGT Ketogenesis Bdh1 AGACGCTCTGCTTCCTTCTG CATCTGGCTGGTCACTGTCT Bdh2 ATAACTTTGCCGTCCAGTCG CCTGCGCAGAGATCTGAAG Hmgcl CACGATCTTCACCTGCTTTG AGATGGCGTCAGTGAGGAAG Hmgcs1 TTCAAAGGAAGTGACCCAGG GGTCTGATCCCCTTTGGTG Hmgcs2 TCATTGAACATCAACCGAGC GAAACAACCAGCCTTTCACC Oxct2a TCATTTTTCAAAGGGAACGG TTGGCGAGCAACTACATCAG Tryacylglycerol Catabolism Gk2 TGTTGTTGGTCATTCCTCCA GTTTGTTTCCAAACCCGAGA Gpd1 CTTGGTGTTGTCACCGAAGC CAAGAGGTGGACACAGTGGA Gpd2 ATCGTTGTGTTGTCCGTCAT TTACGTCCTCAGCAAATCCC Gyk CCCATCCTTCTCTTGGGAAT GTACCAGCTCGACACGTTTTT Lipe GGAGAGAGTCTGCAGGAACG CCTGCAAGAGTATGTCACGC Lpl TGTGTCTTCAGGGGTCCTTAG TTTGGCTCCAGAGTTTGACC Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758

17 AKT-related molecules Proteins Genes Forward primers Reverse primers PI3K p11 Pik3ca CGGAGCTGTTCCTTGTCATT GTGTCCCGAGAAGCTGGATT Pik3cb GATGTCAAGGTTGTCTGCCA AGAAGACTGAAATGGGGGCT Pik3cd AGCATGTGGAAGAGTGGCTC CCCACAGGGGTCTACTTGAA PI3K p85 Pik3r1 TTGTTCATGCTGTTGTTGGC TGTGGCACAGACTTGGTGTT Pik3r2 AATGGCTTCCACCAGCTTC CCCTTGGATGGATCTTCTGA Pik3r3 GCTGGAGTCATTGGCTTAGG TGATGATGCCCTATTCGACA Pik3r5 GTGACAGTGGAACTTCGGTG ATGCTCACCTTCATTGATGC PKC λ/ζ Prkci TCATAATATCCCCGCGGTAG GAGGGACAGCAGCACCAT Prkcz TCGGTACAGCTTCCTCCATC CATTCATGTTTTCCCAAGCA Rac1 Rac1 TCTCCAGGAAATGCATTGGT AGATGCAGGCCATCAAGTGT EHD1 Ehd1 AGGACAGCCGCAAAGTCATA ACTGGACAGCATCAGCATCA EHBP1 Ehbp1 AGCTTTCCTCCGACCAGAAG TTGAAATCACTGTGACGCTG Tbc1d1 AGCTGATGATCTCAGGCACTT CGAGCTACTTTGCTTGCCTC CAP Sorbs1 GGTCCTGGAGTTCTGAGCTG CCGTGAGGCATCTTCAAATA Cbl Cbl TTCCAGCACTTCTCCACCAT GATCGGGCTCATGAAGGAC CrkII Crk CTTGATCTCCTATTCGGAGCC TACATCATCAACAGCAGCGG Tc1 RhoQ AGGAAGACGTCAGTCATGGG GCAAGCAGTACCTCTTGGGA Txnip Txnip AGGCCTCATGATCACCATCT GGTCTCAGCAGTGCAAACAG Akt2 Akt2 GCATCCACTCTTCCCTCTCA CCAACACCTTTGTCATACGC Nature Medicine: doi:1.138/nm.3758