Mitochondrial biogenesis and diabetes, functional of confirmation mtdna transcription factors. Chan Bae Park Ajou Univ. School of Medicine

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1 Mitochondrial biogenesis and diabetes, functional of confirmation mtdna transcription factors Chan Bae Park Ajou Univ. School of Medicine

2 Mitochondria perform diverse functions (Courtesy of K. R. Porter, University of Maryland Baltimore County)

3 Respiratory chain subunits are encoded in two genomes Complex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV Complex V H + Inner membrane ADP ATP

4 Respiratory chain subunits are encoded in two genomes

5 MtDNA mutation cause mitochondrial dysfunction

6 Human mtdna mutations associated with diabetes Maechler and Wolleim; Nature(2001)

7 Human mtdna mutations associated with diabetes Park et al; Diabetalogia (2008)

8 Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtdna) HSP 2 rrna 12 mrna 14 trna LSP 1 mrna 8 trna Replication primer

9 MtDNA expression require nuclear factors

10 Human mtdna expression factor TFB1M is associated with diabetes Koeck et al; Cell Metab (2010)

11 MtDNA expression require nuclear factors MtDNA transcription

12 Transcription of mammalian mtdna

13 Initiation of mammalian mtdna transcription CSB III II I POLRMT TFAM TFBMs TFBMs TFAM POLRMT F 12S rrna V 16S rrna L POLRMT : mitochondrial RNA polymerase TFAM : mitochondrial transcription factor A TFB1M-2M : mitochondrial transcription factor B1-2 Falkenberg et al.; Nat Genet (2002)

14 Reconstituted mtdna transcription system CSB TFBM TFAM POLRMT F 12S rrna V 16S rrna L I II I Falkenberg et al.; Nat Genet (2002)

15 Repression of mammalian mtdna transcription MTERF3 CSB III II I POLRMT TFAM TFBMs TFBMs TFAM POLRMT F 12S rrna V 16S rrna L POLRMT : mitochondrial RNA polymerase TFAM : mitochondrial transcription factor A TFB1M-2M : mitochondrial transcription factor B1-2 MTERF3 : mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3 Park et al.; Cell (2007)

16 Termination of mammalian mtdna transcription MTERF1

17 In vivo function of TFB1M

18 TFB1M is homologous to small rrna methyltransferase - Dimethylation of small rrna is conserved - Important for ribosome assembly

19 Generation of TFB1M knockout mouse

20 Cox Loss of TFB1M cause lack of 12S rrna dimethylation TH

21 Loss of TFB1M cause defect in mitochondrial translation

22 TFB1M is mitochondrial 12S rrna methyltransferase

23 In vivo function of MTERF1

24 Mitochondrial transcription termination factor1 (MTERF1) TFAM POLRMT TFBM TFBM POLRMT TFAM L MTERF Kruse et al; Cell (1989) Hess et al; Nature (1991) Daga et al; JBC (1993) Fernandez-Silav et al; EMBO J (1995) Asin-Cayuela et al; JBC (2005) TFBM MTERF POLRMT TFAM Martin et al; Cell (2005)

25 Generation of MTERF1 knockout mouse

26 Confirmation of MTERF1 Knockout mouse Northern analysis Western analysis

27 MTERF1 knockout grow normally Male Female Body weight (g) Body weight (g) Age (weeks) Age (weeks)

28 MTERF1 KO mouse have normal level of mtrnas Percent mtrna levels Percent mtrna levels Percent mtrna levels Percent mtrna levels

29 MTERF1 KO mouse have normal de novo mtdna transcription

30 MTERF1 KO mouse have normal level of mtdna WT KO Percent mtdna levels WT KO

31 MTERF1 KO mouse have normal level of RC subunits WT KO

32 Summary MTERF1 knockout mouse do not show any mtdna transcription defect Is MTERF1 mtdna transcription termination factor? Novel in vivo MTERF1 function is under investigation

33 Mitochondrial biogenesis Lab. Chan Bae Park Group Ajou Univ. School of Medicine Bumsoo Kim, Sohyun Kim, Insun Song Collaborators Nils-Goran Larsson Group Max Planck Institute Biology for Ageing, Germany Claes Gustafsson Group Gothenberg Univ., Sweden Aleksandar Trifunovic Group Univ. of Cologne, Germany Maria Flakenberg Group Gothenberg Univ., Sweden

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38 The MTERF family in mammals: MTERF1-4 MTERF3 MTERF1 MTERF4 MTERF2 cnidarians flatworms nematodes insects sea urchins sea squirts teleost fishes amphibians birds mammals Linder et al; Curr Genet (2005)

39 Mitochondrial dysfunction in liver and insulin resistance Fatty acids Ser/Thr Kinases IR Insulin Ketones Gluconeogenesis ATP Muoio and Newgard; Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2008)

40 Mitochondrial dysfunction in the muscle and diabetes insulin resistance Fatty acids Ser/Thr Kinases IR Insulin Glucose uptake ATP Muoio and Newgard; Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2008)

41 Mitochondrial arecritical in and β-cell function Insulin release Maechler and Wolleim; Nature(2001)

42 Generation of TFB1M Knockout Mice

43 Steady-state levels of mitochondrial transcripts in TFB1M KO herat