A LEVEL PE PRE COURSE TASK READ EVERYTHING IN BLACK DO EVERYTHING IN RED

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Randell Craig
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1 A LEVEL PE PRE COURSE TASK READ EVERYTHING IN BLACK DO EVERYTHING IN RED

3 1.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF BONES: LONG (LEVERAGE); SHORT (WEIGHT BEARING); FLAT (PROTECTION, BROAD SURFACE FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT); IRREGULAR (PROTECTION AND MUSCLE ATTACHMENT) APPLIED TO PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND SPORT PRINT A SKELETON AND COLOUR IN THE DIFFERENT BONE CLASSIFICATIONS LONG (LEVERAGE); CLAVICLE, HUMERUS, ULNA, RADIUS, FEMUR, FIBULA, METACARPALS, PHALANGES, METATARSALS. ALL USED FOR MOVEMENT. KNOW WHAT BODY PART THEY MOVE AND NAME A SPORTING EXAMPLE. SHORT (WEIGHT BEARING); CARPALS, TARSALS. KNOW WHAT BODY PART THEY MOVE AND NAME A SPORTING EXAMPLE. FLAT (PROTECTION, BROAD SURFACE FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT); CRANIUM, STERNUM, SCAPULA, PELVIS. KNOW WHAT BODY PART THEY MOVE AND NAME A SPORTING EXAMPLE. IRREGULAR (PROTECTION AND MUSCLE ATTACHMENT) VERTEBRAE. LEARN THE 5 AREAS APPLIED TO PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND SPORT

5 STRUCTURE OF THE HEART: ATRIA (LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA) VENTRICLES (LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES). THE ORDER OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE, INCLUDING DIASTOLE (FILLING) AND SYSTOLE (EJECTION) OF THE CHAMBERS. THIS STARTS FROM A SPECIFIED CHAMBER OF THE HEART, EG THE CARDIAC CYCLE STARTING AT THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

PATHWAY OF THE BLOOD: DEOXYGENATED BLOOD INTO RIGHT ATRIUM THEN INTO THE RIGHT VENTRICLE THE PULMONARY ARTERY THEN TRANSPORTS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE LUNGS GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS (BLOOD IS OXYGENATED)

6 PATHWAY OF THE BLOOD: DEOXYGENATED BLOOD INTO RIGHT ATRIUM THEN INTO THE RIGHT VENTRICLE THE PULMONARY ARTERY THEN TRANSPORTS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO THE LUNGS GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS (BLOOD IS OXYGENATED) PULMONARY VEIN TRANSPORTS OXYGENATED BLOOD BACK TO THE LEFT ATRIUM THEN INTO THE LEFT VENTRICLE BEFORE OXYGENATED BLOOD IS EJECTED AND TRANSPORTED TO THE BODY VIA THE AORTA. WATCH THESE! VALVE NAMES ARE NOT REQUIRED BUT STUDENTS SHOULD BE TAUGHT THAT VALVES OPEN DUE TO PRESSURE AND CLOSE TO PREVENT BACKFLOW.

7 CARDIAC OUTPUT, STROKE VOLUME AND HEART RATE, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THEM. WHY AND HOW DOES THIS CHANGE WHEN YOU EXERCISE? CARDIAC OUTPUT (Q) = STROKE VOLUME X HEART RATE. SV= AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED OUT OF THE HEART PER BEAT. HR= AMOUNT OF BEATS PER MINUTE Q= VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED OUT OF THE HEART PER MINUTE

8 1.2.5 FUNCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS, PLATELETS AND PLASMA FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT RED BLOOD CELLS CARRY O2 WHICH CAN BE USED TO RELEASE ENERGY TO THE MUSCLES WHITE BLOOD CELLS FIGHT AGAINST DISEASE PLATELETS HELP BLOOD TO CLOT AT WOUNDS TO PREVENT INFECTION PLASMA CARRIES EVERYTHING IN THE BLOOD STREAM (BLOOD CELLS, GLUCOSE, CO2)

9 IDENTIFICATION OF THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES ON A SPIROMETER TRACE. HOW MAY THESE CHANGE FROM REST TO EXERCISE? TIDAL VOLUME FREQUENCY VITAL CAPACITY MINUTE VENTILATION(MV, MEASURED IN LITRES) DEFINE THESE TERMS Frequency Amount of air in and out in 1 breath (normal breathing) Most amount of air you could breath in after breathing out the most you can.

10 INTERPRETATION AND EXPLANATION OF A SPIROMETER TRACE (AND CONTINUE A TRACE ON PAPER) TO REFLECT THE DIFFERENCE IN A TRACE BETWEEN REST AND THE ONSET OF EXERCISE. HOW DOES IT CHANGE??

11 1.2.9 STRUCTURE OF ALVEOLI TO ENABLE GAS EXCHANGE AND THE PROCESS OF GAS EXCHANGE. HOW DOES IT MEET THE DEMANDS OF VARYING INTENSITIES OF EXERCISE (AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC) Alveoli have a large surface area and thin walls. Exchange of gases happens through diffusion, gases move down the concentration gradient (from high concentration to lower concentration).

12 DEFINITION OF THE TERMS: AEROBIC EXERCISE ANAEROBIC EXERCISE. SUMMARY OF AEROBIC EXERCISE (GLUCOSE + OXYGEN ENERGY + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER). SUMMARY OF ANAEROBIC EXERCISE (GLUCOSE ENERGY + LACTIC ACID). WHAT DO THE TERMS ABOVE MEAN? WHAT ARE THE MAIN ATTRIBUTES OF THESE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (DIFFERENCES) WHAT SPORTS USE EACH TYPE OF ENERGY

13 DEFINITION OF THE TERM EPOC (OXYGEN DEBT). AN UNDERSTANDING THAT EPOC (OXYGEN DEBT) IS CAUSED BY ANAEROBIC EXERCISE (PRODUCING LACTIC ACID) AND REQUIRES THE PERFORMER TO MAINTAIN INCREASED BREATHING RATE AFTER EXERCISE TO REPAY THE DEBT. EXCESS POST-EXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (EPOC)= OXYGEN DEBT WHEN EXERCISING, IF THE BODY IS UNABLE TO KEEP UP WITH DEMAND IT WILL RESPIRE ANAEROBICALLY. THIS IN TURN RESULTS IS LACTIC ACID BUILD UP. WHEN EXERCISE IS FINISHED DEEP GASPING BREATHS CONTINUE TO ALLOW O2 IN TO OXIDISE LACTIC ACID TO CO2 AND WATER SO THEY CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE BODY. OXYGEN DEBT IS REPAID DURING RECOVERY AFTER EXERCISE AND HELPS TO GET RID OF WASTE PRODUCTS. NAME A SPORTING EXAMPLE WHERE THIS OCCURS

14 IDENTIFICATION OF FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD CLASS LEVER SYSTEMS. BASIC DRAWINGS OF THE THREE CLASSES OF LEVER TO ILLUSTRATE THE POSITIONING OF: FULCRUM LOAD (RESISTANCE) EFFORT

15 DRAW LINEAR VERSIONS OF A LEVER, SHOWING THE POSITIONING OF THE FULCRUM, LOAD/RESISTANCE AND EFFORT. STUDENTS DO NOT NEED TO BE TAUGHT TO DRAW ANATOMICAL BODY PARTS BUT MUST BE ABLE TO LINK THE CORRECT LEVER TO A SPORTING MOVEMENT OR ACTION. INTERPRETATION OF SPORTING MOVEMENTS OR ACTIONS WHICH INVOLVE FLEXION OR EXTENSION OF THE ELBOW AND/OR KNEE, AND PLANTAR OR DORSI- FLEXION AT THE ANKLE. IDENTIFY SPORTING EXAMPLES FOR EACH LEVER

16 LABEL THE EFFORT ARM AND LOAD/RESISTANCE ARM ON THE THREE CLASSES OF LEVER. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE = EFFORT ARM WEIGHT (RESISTANCE) ARM. LABELLING OF THE EFFORT ARM AND RESISTANCE ARM ON LEVER DRAWINGS, AND INTERPRETATION OF THE MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE OF THAT LEVER. CAN YOU DRAW THEM YOURSELF? WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF EACH? WHAT LEVERS ARE THESE?

17 PLANES (FRONTAL, TRANSVERSE, SAGITTAL) AND AXES (LONGITUDINAL, TRANSVERSE, SAGITTAL) SHOULD BE RELATED TO SPORTING ACTIONS.

18 TEACHING OF THESE PLANES/AXES SHOULD INCLUDE BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING SPORTING ACTIONS: FRONT SOMERSAULT/FORWARD ROLL/RUNNING ACTION 360 TWIST (ICE SKATING SPIN)/DISCUS THROWER ROTATING IN CIRCLE EFFORT CARTWHEEL. WHICH PLANE/AXIS DO THE ABOVE SPORTING ACTIONS RELATE TO? FROM SOMERSAULT FWRD ROLL RUNNING 360 TWIST DISCUS THROW (SPIN TECHNIQUE) CARTWHEEL

19 UNDERSTANDING OF HOW TEST SCORES ARE MEASURED/RECORDED (EG IN SECONDS, LEVELS, CENTIMETERS, NUMBERS). DEFINITIONS OF THE TERMS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE, IN RELATION TO THE COLLECTION OF FITNESS TESTING DATA. UNDERSTANDING THAT THE QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTED DURING FITNESS TESTING CAN BE COMPARED TO NATIONAL AVERAGES. FOLLOW THIS LINK AND HAVE A READ ABOUT FITNESS TESTING FOLLOW THIS LINK AND FIND THE NORMATIVE DATA FOR YOU ON THIS TEST QUANTITATIVE DATA DEALS WITH NUMBERS USUALLY CLOSED QUESTIONS, METHODS FOR COLLECTING QUANTITATIVE DATA: QUESTIONNAIRES SURVEYS. DATA CAN BE PRESENTED IN TABLE, GRAPH OR PIE CHART. QUALITATIVE DATA DEALS WITH DESCRIPTIONS USUALLY OPEN QUESTIONS, UNSTRUCTURED QUESTIONS ASKING ABOUT HOW A PERSON FEELS, THINKS AND BEHAVES. HARDER TO PRESENT, INTERPRET AND ANALYSE AND OFTEN LOOK FOR TRENDS. METHODS FOR COLLECTING QUALITATIVE DATA: INTERVIEWS OBSERVATIONS. THIS ALLOWS YOU TO PREDICT WHAT PEOPLE WHO DID NOT COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS MAY FEEL/THINK/BEHAVE.

20 DEFINITION OF TRAINING THRESHOLD. CALCULATE THE AEROBIC/ANAEROBIC TRAINING ZONE: CALCULATE MAXIMUM HEART RATE (220 MINUS AGE) CALCULATE AEROBIC TRAINING ZONE (60 80% OF MAXIMAL HEART RATE). FOR CIRCUIT TRAINING, ALTERING THE TIME/REST/CONTENT OF THE CIRCUIT WILL DETERMINE THE FITNESS AIM MAKE SURE YOU KNOW HOW THIS WORKS CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM HEART RATE THE EASIEST AND BEST KNOWN METHOD TO CALCULATE YOUR MAXIMUM HEART RATE (HR MAX ) IS TO USE THE FORMULA HR MAX = AGE

23 . HOW TO CALCULATE ONE REPETITION MAXIMUM (ONE REP MAX) AS PART OF WEIGHT TRAINING AND HOW TO MAKE USE OF ONE REP MAX. RESEARCH HOW TO WORK OUT A ONE REPETITION MAXIMUM FOR WEIGHT TRAINING. STRENGTH/POWER TRAINING (HIGH WEIGHT/LOW REPS ABOVE 70% OF ONE REP MAX, APPROXIMATELY THREE SETS OF 4 8 REPS) MUSCULAR ENDURANCE (LOW WEIGHT/HIGH REPS BELOW 70% OF ONE REP MAX APPROXIMATELY THREE SETS OF REPS).

24 HOW TO PLOT BASIC: BAR CHARTS LINE GRAPHS. HOW TO LABEL X AND Y AXES ON BAR CHARTS AND LINE GRAPHS. INTERPRETATION OF DATA PRESENTED IN BASIC: TABLES BAR CHARTS LINE GRAPHS PIE CHARTS LOOK AT SOME FITNESS DATA PRESENTED IN CHARTS AND GRAPHS AND TRY TO INTERPRET IT, WHAT DOES IT SHOW, HOW DOES IT CHANGE WITH EXERCISE?

Year 11 Revision checklist

Year 11 Revision checklist Below shows what you need to revise for Paper 1. Use your coursework to help you revise components of fitness, SPORT, FITT, SMART targets Paper 2 is everything you have completed