2. List three types of structures (shapes) that carbon-containing compounds can form.
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1 Highlight all command terms and Cite your sources. Answer all objectives and complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting. 1. Define organic molecule. 2. List three types of structures (shapes) that carbon-containing compounds can form. 3. State what happens to the structure of monosaccharides when they are placed in water. 4. Draw the simplified (ring) structures of glucose and ribose. Draw a hydration shell around the glucose molecule. Number the carbon atoms correctly. Indicate in your labels which sugar is a pentose and while is a hexose.
2 Condensation of monosaccharides is a polymerization reaction. It can continue to create a longer chain of saccharides (a carbohydrate). These building reactions are anabolic metabolism. a. Define polymer. b. Annotate and complete diagram below to outline how two monosaccharides are converted into a disaccharide through condensation, producing a glycosidic bond. Include a word equation. What else is needed to make the reaction occur? c. Complete the table below: -saccharides examples Plant or animal? Function/ uses Mono- Glucose Galactose animal Quickly absorbed and used in respiration plant plant Di- Lactose animal Dimer of glucose, broken down from starch. animal Insoluble storage of glucose in the liver, produced using insulin. Poly- Starch plant Structural unit in plant cell walls
3 Anabolic reactions are those which build organic molecules (such as condensation of saccharides). Catabolic reactions break them down (e.g. digestion). Hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction which breaks down organic molecules. d. State the function of hydrolase. e. Outline this reaction using an example of a dimer of two pentose sugars. Explain the relevance of the name of the reaction. Remember: Condensation makes bonds: Hydrolysis breaks bonds. 5. Fatty acids and glycerol are used in the production of triglycerides. a. In the space below, draw the generalized structures of fatty acids and glycerol.
4 b. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Bonding Shape of chain (draw) State at room temp Saturated Unsaturated Energy storage c. Outline the relevance of the following properties of lipids. Thermal insulation Protection Buoyancy Membranes Hormones d. Outline how condensation reactions produce one triglyceride molecule (including the name of the bonds produced):
5 e. Explain why condensation of fatty acids and glycerol to produce a triglyceride is not an example of polymerization. f. Compare lipids and carbohydrates in terms of energy storage: carbohydrates lipids Stored as? Long/short term storage? Ease of digestion/ release of energy? Energy per gram? Solubility in water? (and consequence) Use of oxygen in metabolism? (and consequence)
6 Paper 2 Question A treadmill test was taken by 46 men and women who were inactive and overweight. During the test, the percentage of fat and carbohydrate (CHO) used for energy was measured at increasing levels of exercise intensity. The intensity of exercise was assessed by measuring VO 2 and showing it as a percentage of VO 2 max. Key: % fat contribution in men % CHO contribution in men % fat contribution in women % CHO contribution in women % contribution % VO 2 max Reprinted from JSSM, 7, Bogdanis, Vangelakoudi and Maridaki Peak fat oxidation rate during walking in sedentary overweight men and women. pp Copyright (2008), Figure 3. With permission from the JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE. a. Define VO 2 max. [1] b. State the percentage contribution of the different sources of energy at 36 % VO 2 max in women. [1] i. Fat: ii. CHO
7 c. Using the data in the graph, describe the relationship between the intensity of exercise and the source of energy. Works Cited 1. 2.
8 Self Assessment: Essential Biology Assessment Criterion Complete (2) Partially complete (1) Self Dr.B Complete and neat. Presentation All command terms highlighted NA &Organisation Tables and diagrams well presented. Assignment is self-assessed Academic Honesty Objective 1 understanding Objective 2 understanding Objective3 understanding Further Research Timeliness At least two sources cited correctly using the CSE NA (ISO 690 numerical) method, with Works Cited section complete and correct. All answers for the following command terms Most answers for the following command terms correct: correct: Define Draw Label List Measure State All answers for the following command terms correct: Most answers for the following command terms correct: Annotate Apply Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify Outline All answers for the following command terms correct: Most answers for the following command terms correct: Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine Discuss Evaluate Explain Predict Show Solve Sketch Suggest Evidence is apparent of research and reading beyond the textbook and presentations to find NA correct answers to challenging questions. If any questions are unanswered, this criterion scores zero. Assignment is completed on the date it is due Full credit when on time No points awarded if one day late NA -1 point if two days late -2 if three days late, etc Total (max 10):
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