Macromolecules. SC.912.L.18.1 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
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1 Macromolecules SC.912.L.18.1 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
2 FOUR MAJOR BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids
3 1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Structure of Carbohydrates: Composed of hexagonal rings made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Form long chains Examples of Carbohydrates: Glucose, cellulose, sugars, flour, milk, etc Hexagonal Ring = Carb!!
4 1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Structure of Lipids: Composed of triglycerides that look like the letter E Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Examples of Lipids: Oils, butter, membranes E Shape = Lipid!!
5 1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Structure of Proteins: Composed of amino acids Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur Examples of Proteins: Meats, steroids, enzymes Chain = Protein!!
6 1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Structure of Nucleic Acids: Composed of nucleotides that consist of one nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group Examples of Nucleic Acids: RNA, DNA Three parts in these shapes = Nucleic Acid!!
7 1. Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Remember! Monomer is a building block. Polymer is building blocks put together. Ex: An amino acid is the monomer and the protein is the polymer.
8 2. Students will describe the primary functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids in organisms. FUNCTIONS Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Main source of energy Compose cell walls in plants Insulate and cushion body Steroid production Waterproofing Storage of energy Make up cellular membranes Structure Found in cell membranes Transferring of genetic information Contain info to make proteins
9 Enzymes SC.912.L Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as ph and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.
10 1. Students will explain how enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the reaction s activation energy. Enzymes: special proteins that speed up the rate of a reaction An enzyme is a CATALYST (a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction) The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to begin.
11 2. Students will identify and/or describe the effect of environmental factors on enzyme activity. Factors that affect enzymes: Concentration ph Temperature Each enzyme can speed up reactions at certain concentration levels, ph levels, and temperature. When an enzyme is exposed to higher or lower levels or temperature, it will be deactivated or denatured and will no longer work to speed up the reaction.
12 2. Students will identify and/or describe the effect of environmental factors on enzyme activity.
13 Properties of Water SC.912.L Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth s sustainability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.
14 1. Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Hydrogen Bonding: involves a weak interaction where a hydrogen atom bonds with an oxygen atom Because of hydrogen bonding, water is a polar molecule. Polarity: the positive (hydrogen end) attracts the negative (oxygen end) of a nearby water molecule
15 1. Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Cohesion: water sticks to water; the hydrogen bonds create surface tension This allows water droplets to form and insects and leaves to rest on the surface of the water.
16 1. Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Adhesion: water sticks to other surfaces This allows water to move up straws and stems of plants
17 1. Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Temperature Moderation: water has the ability to heat up and cool down slowly because it takes a lot of energy to do so. This is why the water is cooler than the sand on a hot day at the beach.
18 1. Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Expansion Upon Freezing: as water goes from liquid to solid, it become less dense, the molecules form a crystalline structure when they freeze This is why ice floats in water!
19 1. Students will explain the properties of water at a conceptual level. Universal Solvent: many substances are able to dissolve in water due to its structure
20 2. Students will explain how the properties make water essential for life on Earth. Think! How do these properties of water allow life on Earth to be possible? Record on your outline and be ready to share out!
21 Scientific Method SC.912.N.1.1
22 1. Student will design and/or evaluate a scientific investigation using evidence of scientific thinking and/or problem solving.
Macromolecules. SC.912.L.18.1 Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.
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