7. What is the name of the cavity that contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen?

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1 Benchmark 1 Review Short Answer 1. Name the four types of tissue. 2. Name three kinds of muscle tissue. 3. Name eight body systems. 4. Name the four quadrants of the abdominal cavity, and list the correct abbreviation for each quadrant. 5. Use correct terminology to describe the relationship of the ankle to the knee if the hip is the point of reference. 6. What is the name of the cavity that contains the brain? 7. What is the name of the cavity that contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen? 8. Identify the abdominal region for each of the following descriptions: a. region above the stomach b. region on the right side near the groin c. region on the left side below the ribs d. region by the umbilicus, or belly button e. region on the left side by the large bones of the spinal column f. region below the stomach 9. What is the function of sudoriferous glands? 10. Name five functions of the skin. 11. Name two skin pigments that determine skin color. 12. What bluish discoloration of the skin is associated with heart, lung, and circulatory diseases? 13. What is the name of the chronic, noncontagious, inherited skin disease that causes the formation of thick, red areas on the skin covered with white or silver scales? 14. Label the following diagram of the skeleton with the correct names for each of the bones.

2 A. N. B. O. C. P. D. Q. E. R. F. S. G. T. H. U. I. V. J. W. K. X. L. Y. M. 15. List four functions of bones. 16. Name the main groups of bones that form the axial skeleton. 17. What is the function of intervertebral disks? 18. Differentiate between closed reduction and open reduction of a fracture. 19. Name two treatments for osteoporosis. 20. What is a ruptured disk? 21. What is the name of the injury that occurs when a twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint?

3 22. List the three main types of muscle and the main function of each type. 23. What is the treatment for muscle spasms or cramps? 24. List three treatments for a strain. 25. List three treatments for fibromyalgia. 26. Identify three functions of skeletal muscles. 27. What are two main divisions of the nervous system? 28. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? 29. List five problems that can be caused by lack of movement and inactivity. 30. List the steps for a four-point gait while walking with crutches. 31. List four factors that must be checked frequently when a heat or cold application has been applied. Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. Anatomy h. Nucleus b. Cell i. Organ c. Cell membrane j. Pathophysiology d. Centrosome k. Physiology e. Cytoplasm l. Protoplasm f. Mitochondria m. System g. Nucleolus n. Tissue 1. Basic unit of structure and function in all living things 2. Outer protective covering of a cell 3. Study of form and structure of an organism 4. Controls many cell activities 5. Furnaces or powerhouses of the cell 6. Semi-fluid inside the cell 7. Located inside the nucleus and important in cell reproduction 8. Tissues joined together for a particular function 9. Cells of the same type joined together for a common purpose 10. Study of how disease occurs Match each item with the correct statement below.

4 a. Crust i. Pustule b. Cyanosis j. Sebaceous c. Dermis k. Subcutaneous fascia d. Epidermis l. Sudoriferous e. Erythema m. Ulcer f. Jaundice n. Vesicle g. Macule o. Wheals h. Papule 11. Outermost layer of skin 12. Oil glands of the skin 13. Corium, or true skin 14. Flat spot on the skin 15. Itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape 16. Blister or fluid-filled sac 17. Scab of dried pus and blood 18. Bluish discoloration of the skin 19. Skin color that indicates liver or gallbladder disease 20. Skin color caused by burns or congestion of blood 21. A deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis 22. Firm, raised area on the skin Match each item with the correct statement below. a. Abduction k. Flexion b. Adduction l. Insertion c. Circumduction m. Involuntary d. Contractility n. Ligament e. Contracture o. Muscle tone f. Elasticity p. Origin g. Excitability q. Rotation h. Extensibility r. Tendon i. Extension s. Voluntary j. Fascia 23. State of partial contraction 24. The end of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts 25. Severe tightening of a flexor muscle 26. Control over the action of a muscle 27. Ability of a muscle to be stretched 28. Ability of a muscle to respond to a stimulus 29. Ability of a muscle to return to its original shape

5 30. Strong, tough, connective-tissue cord that attaches muscles to bones 31. Moving a body part toward the midline 32. Bending the lower arm up toward the upper arm 33. Moving in a circle at a joint 34. Increasing the angle between two bones 35. Turning the head from side to side 36. Moving the arm out to the side Match each item with the correct statement below. a. Abduction i. Inversion b. Adduction j. Plantar flexion c. Circumduction k. Pronation d. Dorsiflexion l. Radial deviation e. Eversion m. Rotation f. Extension n. Supination g. Flexion o. Ulnar deviation h. Hyperextension 37. Moving the wrist toward the little finger side 38. Turning the forearm and hand so the palm of the hand is down 39. Excessive straightening of a body part 40. Turning the head from side to side 41. Moving the arm out from the side of the body 42. Straightening the lower arm away from the upper arm 43. Straightening the foot away from the knee 44. Bending the lower leg up toward the upper leg 45. Turning the foot outward 46. Moving the fingers toward each other 47. Moving in a circle at a joint 48. Bending the foot toward the knee 49. Turning the hand so the palm is up 50. Moving the fingers toward the thumb side of the hand 51. Turning the foot inward

6 Benchmark 1 Review Answer Section SHORT ANSWER 1. ANS: (Any 3 of the following) muscle, nervous, connective, epithelium PTS: 3 2. ANS: skeletal, cardiac, visceral (smooth) PTS: 3 3. ANS: (Any 8 of the following) integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, lymphatic, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary (excretory), endocrine, reproductive PTS: 8 4. ANS: left upper quadrant: LUQ; left lower quadrant: LLQ; right upper quadrant: RUQ; right lower quadrant: RLQ PTS: 4 5. ANS: ankle is distal to the knee, and the knee is proximal to the hip 6. ANS: cranial 7. ANS: upper abdominal 8. ANS: a. epigastric b. right iliac or inguinal c. left hypochondriac d. umbilical e. left lumbar f. hypogastric or pelvic PTS: 6 9. ANS: eliminate perspiration containing water, salts, and some body wastes

7 10. ANS: (Any 5 of the following) protection, sensory perception, body temperature regulation, storage, absorption, excretion, production PTS: ANS: melanin and carotene PTS: ANS: cyanosis 13. ANS: psoriasis 14. ANS: A. skull, B. clavicle, C. cervical vertebrae, D. scapula, E. sternum, F. thoracic vertebrae, G. ribs, H. humerus, I. lumbar vertebrae, J. radius, K. ulna, L. carpals, M. metacarpals, N. phalanges, O. sacrum, P. ilium, Q. coccyx, R. femur, S. patella, T. tibia, U. fibula, V. tarsals, W. metatarsals, X. calcaneus, Y. phalanges PTS: ANS: (Any 4 of the following) framework, protection, levers to provide movement, production of blood cells, storage PTS: ANS: skull (cranium and facial bones), spinal column or vertebrae, ribs, sternum PTS: ANS: act as shock absorbers and permit bending and twisting movements of the vertebral column 18. ANS: closed reduction involves positioning the bone in correct alignment, usually with traction, and applying a cast or splint; open reduction involves surgical repair of the bone PTS: ANS: (Any 2 of the following) increased intake of calcium and vitamin D, medications to increase bone mass, exercise, estrogen replacement PTS: ANS: an intervertebral disk that ruptures or protrudes out of place and causes pressure on the spinal nerve.

8 21. ANS: sprain 22. ANS: cardiac: contracts to circulate blood; visceral or smooth: contracts to cause movement in the internal organs of the body; skeletal: attaches to bones and causes body movement PTS: ANS: gentle pressure and stretching of the muscle 24. ANS: (Any 3 of the following) rest, muscle relaxants or pain medications, elevating the extremity, alternating hot and cold applications PTS: ANS: (Any 3 of the following) physical therapy, massage, exercise, stress reduction, medication to relax muscles and relieve pain PTS: ANS: (Any 3 of the following) attach to bones to provide voluntary movement, produce heat and energy for the body, help maintain posture, protect internal organs PTS: ANS: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system PTS: ANS: sympathetic, parasympathetic PTS: ANS: (Any 5 of the following) contracture, muscle weakness, joint stiffness, circulatory impairment, blood clots, pressure ulcers, mineral loss, renal calculi, poor appetite, constipation, urinary infections, respiratory problems, hypostatic pneumonia PTS: ANS: right foot, left crutch, left foot, right crutch PTS: ANS: (Any 4 of the following)

9 color of skin, temperature of skin, amount of pain and bleeding, effect on circulation, condition of application (refill water or ice bags) PTS: 4 MATCHING 1. ANS: B 2. ANS: C 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: H 5. ANS: F 6. ANS: E 7. ANS: G 8. ANS: I 9. ANS: N 10. ANS: J 11. ANS: D 12. ANS: J 13. ANS: C 14. ANS: G 15. ANS: O 16. ANS: N 17. ANS: A 18. ANS: B 19. ANS: F 20. ANS: E 21. ANS: M 22. ANS: H 23. ANS: O 24. ANS: L 25. ANS: E 26. ANS: S 27. ANS: H 28. ANS: G 29. ANS: F 30. ANS: R 31. ANS: B 32. ANS: K 33. ANS: C 34. ANS: I 35. ANS: Q 36. ANS: A 37. ANS: O

10 38. ANS: K 39. ANS: H 40. ANS: M 41. ANS: A 42. ANS: F 43. ANS: J 44. ANS: G 45. ANS: E 46. ANS: B 47. ANS: C 48. ANS: D 49. ANS: N 50. ANS: L 51. ANS: I

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