Organic Compounds. B-3.5 Students will be able to summarize the functions of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the human body.
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1 Organic Compounds B-3.4 Students will be able to summarize how the structures of organic molecules (including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) are related to their relative caloric values. B-3.5 Students will be able to summarize the functions of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the human body.
2 Vocabulary Look up the following words: Carbohydrate Lipid Monomer Polymer Protein
3 Organic Molecule Notes- Page Warm UP: Soda Cans Agenda: Notes on Organic Molecules Activity Finish Vocabulary
4 Sink OR Float!!! Pg. 19 Predict if the FULL cans of soda will sink or float. o Diet Coke, Coke Zero, MelloYello, Sprite, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, Diet Dew, Dew Record your observations.
5 Organic Compounds Macromolecules Macro= Large! Most organic molecules are made of smaller units that bond to form larger molecules known as macromolecules. Small units = monomers (1) Larger units = polymers (many) Energy is stored in the bonds that link the monomers together The amount of energy, depends on the type of organic compound. ENERGY!
6 Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can be found in foods... These are the ones we will focus on! The 3 biochemical molecules found on a nutrition label are: (0 grams in this product) 1 (13 grams in this product) 2 (9 grams in this product) 3
7 3 Major Organic Compounds Macromolecules There are 3 major organic compounds found in food: 1) Proteins 2) Carbohydrates 3) Lipids/Fats
8 Compounds and Calories The caloric value (calorie value) of each organic compound is determined by its stored energy Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats/lipids are the 3 organic molecules with different structures and different caloric values based on those structures Proteins- 4 calories per gram Carbohydrates- 4 calories per gram Fats/lipids- 9 calories per gram
9 Carbohydrates the basics about sugars and starches Carbohydrates are commonly known as sugars and starches Carbohydrates can be simple or complex Monomers- monosaccharides simple sugars Ex: glucose Polymers- polysaccharides complex carbohydrates Ex: starch (potatoes, rice, bread, pasta)
10 Carbohydrates main source of quick energy for the cell S The main function of carbohydrates in the body is main source of energy for the cell S Plants make/synthesis carbohydrates through photosynthesis as a source of food/energy S Animals- consume/eat carbs for energy S If an organism consumes more carbs than it needs, the extra energy is converted to fat and stored by the body
11 Review Chart! Look for the items to go in the chart! Place a C and I ll come check when you are finished.
12 Proteins polymers and monomers Proteins are molecules composed of chains of amino acids. Monomer = amino acid Polymer = polypeptide (protein) Proteins are important as a source of building blocks than as a source of energy. However, proteins can be used for energy only if there is a shortage of carbohydrates or lipids.
13 Proteins many functions and types Because of their structures, proteins serve different functions. 1. used for support Ex: keratin in hair and fingernails 2. transport many substances throughout the body 3. help control movement Ex: muscles 4. accelerate the speed of chemical reactions Ex: break down food
14 Lipids aka: fats, oils, and waxes Lipids, including fats, oils, and waxes, are polymers While made up of the same atoms, lipids are VERY different from carbohydrates: 1. Lipid molecules are made of two monomer molecules glycerol and fatty acids 2. Fats/lipids have more bonds than carbohydrates
15 Lipids many functions *Lipids are important to organisms for energy when carbohydrates are scarce* 1. Provides long-term energy 2. Cushions vital organs 3. Insulates/warms the body 4. Major component of cell membranes
16 Now What?!?! Classwork/Homework: -Lab in the Back -What s in a Label (page 10)- HW *Reminder: if you have not passed your Lab Safety Test or turned in your Lab Safety Contract, you will NOT be allowed to do lab*
17 Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4 macromolecules can be found in foods... These are the ones we will focus on! The 3 biochemical molecules found on a nutrition label are: (0 grams in this product) 1 (13 grams in this product) 2 (9 grams in this product) 3
18 Study Guide Answers 7. There are 20 amino acids that chemically bond to make proteins. 12 of these amino acids are made in your _body ; the other 8 must be consumed from foods such as nuts, beans, and meat. 32. The elements (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) that compose carbohydrates serve as raw materials for the synthesis of which other organic molecules? _amino acids and fatty acids
19 Warm-Up Energy Lab- pg. 45 Label- pg. 44 Complete the pre-lab questions for the lab today!!!! There will be a QUIZ tomorrow on Macromolecules!
20 Biochemistry DUT What to know for DUT? Monomers and Polymers Caloric Value Functions Interpret Graphs (IV, DV)
Organic Compounds. B-3.5 Students will be able to summarize the functions of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the human body.
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