Macrophage derived Wnt signalling opposes Notch signalling in a Numb mediated manner to specify HPC fate in chronic liver disease in human and mouse.

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1 Macrophage derived Wnt signalling opposes Notch signalling in a Numb mediated manner to specify HPC fate in chronic liver disease in human and mouse. Luke Boulter, Olivier Govaere, Tom G Bird, Sorina Radulescu, Prakash Ramachandran, Antonella Pellicoro, Rachel A Ridgway, Sang Soo Seo, Bart Spee, Nico Van Rooijen, Owen J. Sansom, John P. Iredale, Sally Lowell, Tania Roskams, Stuart J Forbes Supplementary Figure 1: Inhibition of the Notch pathway during hepatocyte regeneration has no phenotypic affect. (a) Schematic representation of mhpc and myofibroblast co culture. Myofibroblasts express the Jagged 1 protein (blue) and primary mhpcs express the Notch1 receptor (Green). (b) Quantification of mhpc number during hepatocyte regeneration when treated with DAPT or vehicle alone. mrna levels of Notch pathway targets and liver enriched transcription factors in mhpcs isolated from animals undergoing hepatocyte regeneration in the presence of DAPT or vehicle alone.

2 Supplementary Figure 2: DAPT inhibition in vivo does not affect the composition of the inflammatory niche. (a) Representative photomicrographs and quantification of total fibrillar collagen in DAPT and vehicle treated animals during biliary regeneration (b) αsma immunohistochemistry and quantification during biliary regeneration in the presence of DAPT of vehicle alone. (c) F4/80 positive macrophage number remains between animals which have been treated with DAPT versus control animals.

3 Supplementary Figure 3: Loss of Numb in the mhpc population during biliary regeneration (a) Immunohistochemistry for Numb in the bile ducts of healthy animals (left hand panels, black arrows), as well as in the mhpc population during hepatocyte regeneration (central panels, black arrows) and biliary regeneration (right hand panels, arrow heads). (b) Quantification of mrna knockdown of Numb and the resulting phenotypic change in the BMOL cell line using RNAi2 against Numb. Data is expressed as means ± S.E.M; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < In vitro n = 12.

4 Supplementary Figure 4: Diverse Wnt signalling occurs in human disease and can be modelled in vitro. (a) Immunohistochemistry for CTNNB1 in samples from HCV and PSC/PBC diseased liver (b) Detection of Wnt3a (red) with mhpcs (green) during biliary regeneration in the adult mouse. N.B. pink staining is due to autoflorescence of porphyrin aggregates as a result of damage (c) Schematic of post phagocytic macrophage/mhpc co culture (d) Quantification of Wnt target activation in macrophages and mhpcs alone vs. direct co culture (e) Expression of liver enriched transcription factors in monocultures of mhpcs, macrophages and myofibroblasts.

5 Supplementary Figure 5: Liposomal clodronate does not have off target affects in the non macrophage populations of the liver (a) Immunohistochemistry and quantification of F4/80 positive macrophages in the regenerating liver after administration of liposomal clodronate. Other cell types are not affected by liposomal clodronate; CD45 positive lymphocytes, αsma positive myofibroblasts, GFAP positive stellate cells and both CD31 positive vascular and sinusoidal endothelial cells.

6 Supplementary Figure 6: Macrophage ablation causes loss of Ctnnb1 in the nucleus and HPC pattern (a) Immunohistochemistry for nuclear Ctnnb1 in animals with hepatocellular regeneration, untreated, treated with PBS control or treated with liposomal clodronate.(b) False colour image analysis of three mhpc markers, PanCK (Red), EpCAM (Blue) and Dlk1 (Green) demonstrate mhpcs lose their infiltrating phenotype after macrophage deletion.

7 Supplementary Figure 7: A Schematic Representation of HPC differentiation During regeneration of the bile ducts Notch signalling is high, and is transduced though the canonical Notch signalling pathway via Hes/Hey. In this system the receptor is likely to be stimulated though interaction with Jagged1. During hepatocyte regeneration the Notch signalling pathway is repressed though the ubiquitin ligase Numb. The loss of Notch signalling mediates exit from a biliary fate, and the acquisition of a hepatocyte phenotype in HPCs. Numb and the hepatocyte programme, are driven by activation of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Inhibition of which both in vitro and in vivo results in the reduction of both Numb and hepatocyte specific liver enriched transcription factors.

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9 Supplementary Figure 8: Information detailing human patient pathology Human work in this study included specimens from Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis as well as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, classed as biliary disease (BD). HCV specimens were classed as having hepatocellular disease. Information on the pathology of each patient is listed F=0 healthy liver F = 4 Cirrhotic liver.